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By D. A. Greenwood

Dr David Greenwood opened the first technical session of the conference by highlighting the diverse nature of the papers in this session but drawing attention to the common theme that each solved a particular problem. PAPER 1.1 Tony Elliott introduced his paper on deep mix-in-place soil/cement stabilisation by stressing its simplicity. The engineering solution adopted at Elland was detailed in his paper and had formed the key to success of the project. The process itself is not widely used or known in the UK, although it has the potential to achieve significant benefits, subject to proper engineering control being exercised. It was explained that although the concept was not new, development of the technique for soil modification was relatively recent. The alternatives to mechanical mixing are injection, which is very dependent on soil type, site geometry, etc, and jet grouting; both processes are soil-responsive, and not easily monitored or programmed, difficulties which can largely be overcome by mixing. To achieve this at depths to say 30m requires high-powered, high torque machines and has resulted in significant equipment development.

Jan 1, 1991

By L. Kulik, J. den Drijver

Rhenish lignite will continue to play an indispensible role in the energy mix of the German Federal Republic for a long time to come. The use of lignite for electricity generation, upgrading and, if necessary, as a raw material is geared to the long term. The holistic management of opencast mines underpinned by approval law in the long term and a stronger focus on man, the environment and nature contribute to the acceptance of the mines by the local population. The same is true of state-of-the-art lignite uses: as regards their operational flexibility, lignite-fired power plants are ideal partners for the expansion of renewables. It is along these lines that RWE is continuing its power plant renewal programme as planned. With a view to that which will be conceivable the day after tomorrow, RWE is researching future technologies today in order to meet objectives such as security of supply, profitability and environmental compatibility to the same extent in the long term. Another important contribution to acceptance is public transparency and communications as means to support approval procedures and the implementation of measures in all areas related to lignite mining and utilization.

Jan 1, 2011

By D. Norval

Keywords: Pyrometallurgy, slag, metal, entrained, granulation, ferromanganese Water granulation of certain slags with high metal entrainment has customarily not been practised, not only due to the belief that such processes are too dangerous and unproven in the pyrometallurgical industry, but also that it might not be economically viable or environmentally acceptable. General slag granulation, on the other hand, is extensively applied, although in some cases crudely, with disastrous effects, as a result of not recognising the high heat capacities prevalent in slags. Thus, purpose-designed granulation and solidification processes are discussed, taking into account specific applications and the individual signatures of alloys and slags, emphasising that no slag, matte, or alloy responds in similar fashion to a granulation practice. This paper addresses three issues, namely: ? Water-granulation of BOF steel slag, without processing it to render it environmentally safe, physically and chemically acceptable for use by the construction industry, and the process economical ? Processing air-cooled BOF steel slag to change its physical and chemical properties to be acceptable for various uses and extracting metallic and bound iron ? Processing air-cooled or molten manganese slag to lower its manganese content to a level that is acceptable from an environmental and health point of view, and extracting FeMn-alloy of acceptable composition. The latter process culminated in a patented process to extract FeMn from air-cooled and molten manganese slag, and, at the same time, produce a hydraulic (cementitious) slag, thus transforming a possible hazardous by-product into virtually 100% saleable products.

Jan 1, 2011

By Wilbert T. Malenka

A modified factorial experiment was used to determine the effect of operating factors in hydraulic mining of anthracite. Seven basic factors at various levels were considered. The significant factors were found to be pressure-volume, pattern, and jet traverse speed. Mining data were programed for computer, and a prediction equation was determined from printout information based on the hydraulic "jumbo" operating parameters and characteristics of anthracite, The source of error is discussed. The prediction equation is general in nature and might be useful in delineating performance characteristics in the design of equipment and/or more effective utilization in a medium with characteristics similar to those of anthracite.

Jan 1, 1968

By N Currey, G Corder, G Becker

"The SUSOP« Framework is a new technique that helps incorporate sustainable development principles and objectives into the design and operation of businesses. Developed through the Co-operative Research Centre for Sustainable Resource Processing, it brings a design methodology to sustainability, similar to what hazard and risk techniques such as HAZOP did for safety.Metallica Minerals Limited (æMetallicaÆ) adopted the SUSOP« framework to help identify opportunities and risks that could directly improve or affect its flagship SCONI (nickel-cobalt and scandium) project. This project has the potential to become the worldÆs largest producer of scandium oxide (æscandiaÆ) which is used in solid oxide fuel cells and strengthens aluminium alloys. Located northwest of Townsville in Queensland, the plant site will be located within the previously mined and partially rehabilitated Greenvale Nickel Mine. By applying the SUSOP« framework through a series of multi-disciplinary workshops and offline analysis, Metallica was able to identify numerous sustainability opportunities and risks. Opportunities were clustered together to form concepts to develop a more holistic understanding of the projectÆs overall potential contribution to sustainable development as well as determine where key risks could be mitigated. Four key concepts were identified: Waste and Water Workforce Community and Enterprise Development Energy and Greenhouse Gases (GHG). Metallica was able to include a range of initiatives that could deliver enhanced environmental, social and community outcomes into their mine development plan. These included measures to reduce reliance on water, reduce the volume of waste, provide local opportunities for training and skilled employment and create support for local enterprise development. These measures also resulted in a significant reduction in the capital estimate of the project.This paper provides an overview of the SUSOP« framework, details its application to the SCONI project and discusses the outcomes that will help establish the projectÆs strong sustainable development credentials and improved business outcomes.CITATION:Corder, G, Currey, N and Becker, G, 2013. Sustainability, made easy - A business improvement case study, in Proceedings MetPlant 2013, pp 259-271 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne)."

Jul 15, 2013

By J. J. Fritts, J. L. Patrick, T. L. Wright, C. O. Ensign, W. S. White, J. W. Trammell, J. C. Wright, D. J. Hathaway, R. J. Leone

The copper deposit at White Pine, Michigan, from which a little more than 5 per cent of United States primary copper currently is produced, is a large stratiform orebody, 4 to 25 feet thick and several miles across. The present ore column, containing about 1.2 per cent copper as chalcocite and native copper, is confined to the basal beds of the Nonesuch Shale. This upper Keweenawan (Upper Precambrian) formation is a distinctive gray siltstone unit, about 600 feet thick, overlying and overlain by thick red-bed sequences. All these rocks contain abundant volcanic debris, but the latest known igneous activity within 50 miles antedated the Nonesuch Shale. The rocks are unmetamorphosed and only moderately deformed, mainly by tilting and faults. Pyrite, presumably syngenetic, is the only prominent sulfide throughout most of the Nonesuch Shale. The basal beds of the formation, however, contain disseminated copper minerals instead of pyrite and constitute the cupriferous zone. On a regional scale, the top of the cupriferous zone cuts across bedding, and ranges from an inch or so above the base of the formation in some areas to more than 50 feet in others. However, within the cupriferous zone the distribution of copper shows remarkable stratigraphic control. Certain beds are copper-rich compared to the beds that lie between them and the differences persist throughout the White Pine region. Several darkgray thinly laminated beds in the lower 10 to 25 feet of the Nonesuch Shale are rich enough and sufficiently close enough together to constitute a mineable thickness where they lie within the cupriferous zone. Pyrite is the characteristic sulfide of the Nonesuch Shale as a whole. The principal sulfide mineral of the cupriferous zone at the base of the formation is chalcocite. The succession of minerals outward and upward from the center of the cupriferous zone is native copper-chalcocite-bornite-chalcopyrite- pyrite. The bornite and chalcopyrite are confined to a narrow fringe at the margin of the cupriferous zone. This pattern of mineral zones is believed to represent reaction between syngenetic pyrite and introduced copper. The main copper mineralization is independent of structure and apparently antedates deformation. Details of the geometry of the cupriferous zone indicate the possibility that copper was introduced from the underlying sandstone prior to lithification. The source of the mineralizing solutions and their copper is not known.

Jan 1, 1968

By Claude Cunningham

Difficulty has always attended the evaluation of rock breaking energy available from explosives, owing to the complexity of the way in which it is released, and the destructive amplitude of the pressures. Many problems have arisen and continue with this difficulty, including the following: I. Formulation of improved compositions to deliver appropriate energy levels to the blasthole walls, or to deliver previous results at improved cost. How appropriate is it to use various ingredients, such as Aluminium, water, salt? 2. Claims over energy issues, resulting in wasted time and expense, over things that sound good in theory but are very difficult to tie down. 3. Purchasers of explosives make decisions based on claimed “Bang per Buck” from different manufacturers, where the estimate of “Bang”comes from simplistic numbers from various, very unequal detonation codes. The above problems are escalating as time progresses. Using the high level IDeX PC 2000 detonation code, we have found a way to portray the differences between formulations in a way which relates to their breaking effect in the field. The basic method is to plot the adiabat from the detonation state to full expansion in units which express the practical implications. Energy alone cannot deliver results, so we use the curve to examine its manifestations: pressure and temperature. Internal energy is plotted with these. The method displaces relative energy numbers, as it portrays the context in which the energy is available. It is used here to compare an ANFO, an emulsion and a doped emulsion, as well as the effect of Aluminium. The effect of the shock pressure regimes and temperature correlate well with what is seen in the field.

Jan 1, 2000

By B. P. Sereda

The properties, characteristics and phase structure of chamotte refractories produced with the usage of mullitecorund chamotte and caoline have been given. The comparison of new refractory C-45 obtained by us and refractory C-43 produced by traditional method has done. The physical-chemical properties of refractories is reviewed. The visual porosity, density and pore characteristics of given refractories was calculated. It is established that C-45 has the less gas permeability then C-45 that gives melting units more stability. The petrographical microstructures of refractories have been done. The main phase structures and their influence on refractories properties have been observed. It is established that refractories with mullitecorund chamotte adition has more advantages then refractories gained by traditional method and can be applied to melting units.

Jan 1, 2010

By J. Châteauneuf, R. Dupéré, D. Mrabet

"In gold processing plants, it is common to start gold cyanidation in the grinding circuit by simple cyanide addition or as a result of recycling residual cyanide. In such cases, advantages such as a decrease in gold lockup and reduced leach time have been noticed. The prevailing conditions in grinding circuits such as intense mixing, particle breakage and friction or high temperature are quite different from those found in tanks and so is the resulting cyanidation behaviour. To gain a better understanding of the cyanidation behaviour in mills and of the pertinence of cyanide addition in grinding circuits, lab tests were conducted using an industrial ore from Canadian Malartic mine. In this study, the effects of different parameters on cyanidation in grinding circuits were examined; parameters such as such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, cyanide concentration and pH. The results showed that the kinetic benefits of high temperature in the mill can overcome the low dissolved oxygen concentration thus leading to an overall gold dissolution kinetics improvement for temperatures up to 50°C. However, gold leach in the studied grinding circuit at lab scale caused an increase in cyanide consumption with a higher generation of iron cyanide and SCN-. These results were confirmed by tests in the Canadian Malartic plant where the cyanide addition was moved from the SAG mill to the leaching tanks resulting in a 20% savings in cyanide consumption.IntroductionCyanidation in grinding circuits can benefit gold processing by decreasing gold lockup and by reducing leach time. However, other aspects regarding gold and cyanicide dissolution come into play in the conditions prevailing in grinding circuits. Indeed, high turbulence, high temperature, recycling load, friction and particle breakage make cyanidation behaviour in grinding circuits different from in-tank cyanidation (Marsden and House, 2006). In several cases, cyanide in grinding is limited to a very low level or completely avoided such as in circuits with gravimetric separation, for ores requiring oxidative pretreatment or for preg-robbing ores. In other cases, water management imposes a certain recycling of residual cyanide. This problem is generally addressed by a case-by-case approach. However, the chemistry of cyanidation in mill circuits is worth investigating in order to assess the advantages and disadvantages."

Jan 1, 2016

By E Skinner, G Lane

Project delivery strategies are determined by project context, business case requirements, scale of project, market conditions, ownerÆs capability and preference, contractorÆs experience, resource and skill availability, project location and type of project or facility.Successful project management requires the setting of coherent, effective and realistic business objectives and success criteria. The management team needs to lead, prioritise, resource, align, plan, track and communicate the processes that enable the realisation of these business objectives and success criteria.For any given project there is a unique balance between selection of a simple project delivery strategy that minimises interfaces and a complex strategy that necessarily engages the use of expertise and experience from numerous parties. The right balance for a project between these "book-end cases" is a function of how the project owner or managing contractor defines its objectives and chooses to manage risk, cost, schedule and project quality, in the context of the conditions affecting the project.Selection of an effective project delivery strategy requires a detailed appreciation of the range of external and internal environmental / shaping factors which influence the project. These factors include the project constraints imposed by the business, market or operational environments and the selection of an effective mix of primary (head contract), secondary (mix of vertical and horizontal packages) and tertiary (type of individual contract) strategies. The selection of the primary, secondary and tertiary strategies also shapes the project, the size and responsibilities of the ownerÆs team and the framework for delivery of outcomes.How does an owner or prime contractor decide? What is the optimum for a given project? Those with operations management backgrounds will have different views to those with project and construction management backgrounds.Is the simplest practical approach the best approach? Each and every interface needs to be managed.The owner will want a very experienced team that is engaged directly with the owner. The team will have a track record of successfully performing projects using contractors skilled in their respective disciplines and selected using competitive tendering on brilliantly designed scopes of work and good contract terms, with a fully defined project scope and appropriate schedule, for which all significant risks have been addressed and no scope changes are outstanding. Budget and schedule will be expected to have been developed with a full understanding of the scope, situation, risk management requirements etc.The problem is that these conditions rarely exist. The challenge in selection of a project delivery strategy is to resolve how best to address the inadequacies between the ideal case and the present reality. The mechanism for addressing the inadequacies defines the likely outcome of the project.CITATION:Lane, G and Skinner, E, 2013. Project delivery, in Proceedings MetPlant 2013 , pp 50-65 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Jul 15, 2013

By K. Oraee

Zarshuran gold deposit, with the total reserves of some 12.5 million tons of 4.18 g/ton ore, is considered to be an important gold mining project in the area. In this paper the feasibility studies of the whole project is carried out on the basis of several economic variables. Given that mining data are often of uncertain nature, these economic variables have therefore been estimated under the conditions of uncertainty. The resultant Net Present Value is hence also obtained under the same conditions. For this purpose, a model is first devised with the help of Excel and COMFAR software. The model is then developed that considers different scenarios which would result in different expected values for the economic variables. It is concluded that the NPV of the project is most sensitive to gold and silver price and that other variables such as discount rate, operating and capital cost all affect the feasibility of the project with lower degree of severity. Finally, risk analysis is also carried out using Mont Carlo technique, in order to estimate the most probable value of NPV. The average NPV calculated in this way is US$ 49.7 Million, whilst without due consideration of risk, this would be US$ 36.6 Million. The techniques used, together with the procedures adopted in this paper, can be used in feasibility studies of all mining projects. Such decision would result in more accurate Net Present Values than expected from other frequently used methods.

Jan 1, 2011

By Erin Legault Seguin, Mike Rylatt, Curtis Mohns

"With energy costs increasing and ore grades diminishing, the role of pre-concentration in hard rock mining operations has been gaining greater interest. To maximize energy conservation, the pre-concentration process should be conducted at as coarse a crush size as possible while minimizing losses of pay metals. Dense medium separation (DMS) is a robust process that can be conducted at particle sizes as coarse as 300 mm and as fine as 500 µm with high separation efficiency, depending on liberation characteristics of the value minerals. The DMS process involves three steps: feed preparation, dense medium separation, and ferrous-based media recovery. This paper discusses each of these processing steps, but focus will be given to the dense medium separation stage. Various types of DMS equipment are reviewed. Pilot plant campaign case studies conducted at the SGS Lakefield site are presented, which have included a variety of mineral systems such as spodumene, sulphide-bearing gold ores, and complex sulphide ores. These case studies demonstrate that for amenable ores, mass rejection of 20-60% is possible while maintaining recoveries of greater than 90% in most cases.IntroductionPre-concentration is a process of rejecting mass of gangue while ensuring recovery of valuable minerals prior to more intensive, downstream processing. Pre-concentration has been practiced in industry for many years, and is gaining greater interest as the industry copes with processing lower grade, more difficult ores, typically requiring finer grind sizes and higher energy costs."

Jan 1, 2016

By Matthew Janes

Quality control procedures are increasingly important with today's higher capacity foundations and complex loading conditions. The need for a mobile, repeatable, nondestructive and economical load test method led to the development of an entirely new approach. The system described involves using solid propellant fuels to accelerate a reaction mass off the test pile. The force required to accelerate the reaction mass upward acts equally downward on the pile. Very high forces may be applied to the pile in a controlled, linearly increasing manner. The duration of the applied load is approximately 100 milliseconds. This rate of loading is slow enough to allow the pile and soil to react together as a composite rigid body. Pile/soil accelerations and velocities are low, typically 1 g and 1 m/s respectively. The effects combine to produce pile and soil response no longer dominated by the transfer of force via stress pulse (as with impact). Instead the pile force increases throughout the length of the pile, with pile top and toe stresses building in unison with time. This emulates the stress condition during static pile loading. Finally, state of the art instrumentation systems are used to obtain test data. Displacement is monitored directly using a laser datum and integrated receiver located at the centre axis of the pile. Force is also monitored directly using a calibrated load cell. Data is acquired and digitized using a 386 PC with user friendly software capable of producing load deflection curves and time histories in the field seconds after testing.

Jan 1, 1990

[Pumps: oil-well: plunger: essential parts, G26, 130; 74, 828 improved type, 74, 846 leakage, 74, 837 operating cycle, 74, 833 Uren design, G26, 145 sucker-rod failures, G26, 136 sucker-rod stress, 74, 835 sucker rods, 74, 830, 832 tubing, 74, 833 tubing difficulties, G25, 138; 74, 836 Olivite, 73, 337 valve and seats, 74, 832 Punching: Monel metal, 78, 86 nickel, 78, 86 Punjab. See Indian Empire. PUPIN, M. L biography, M26, 113 John Fritz medalist, 1931, M81, 499 recipient of Washington Award, M28, 155 PURDY, R.: Discussions: on Relative Efficiencies of Domestic Fuels in Relation to Their Costs and Their Advantages 108, 353 on Uses on Coal in the Ceramic Industry, 108,389,398]

Jan 1, 1936

By James W. Cassie

The Snap Lake Diamond Project is located approximately 220 km northeast of Yellowknife, NT, Canada at an approximate latitude of 63?35?. The project location is within the zone of continuous permafrost; measured ground temperatures are about ?2?C at 10 to 20 m depth below surface. The site is located on a peninsula jutting into Snap Lake. The site is generally barren of vegetation, except for some isolated areas with low trees located in topographic lows and near the shoreline of Snap Lake. As part of phased evaluation process with regards to the mining project, an Advanced Exploration Program was undertaken in 2000 and 2001. This program included the underground extraction of a bulk sample of kimberlite, which was processed on site. A Processed Kimberlite Containment (PKC) area was required as part of this program. The area chosen as the PKC facility was a small inland lake, called Inland Lake #1, on the peninsula. Construction of the PKC area required the construction of two dams, one on either end of the lake. At the south end of the lake, Dam 1 was constructed partially on a talik and partially on continuous permafrost. Dam 2 was constructed entirely on permafrost. The effects of the remote location, selection of suitable construction materials and permafrost conditions on the designs of the dams are discussed. A description of the design elements and construction schedule are provided. A review of the performance of these two dams, in terms of settlement, deformations, pore pressures and thermal regime, over the last several years is provided.

May 1, 2003

By H. R. Shell

Fluorphlogopite mica was synthesized from inexpensive and abundant olivine, clay, feldspar, and sand (plus K2SiF6). The raw materials were melted in crucibles and in an internal resistance electric furnace. The melts yielded >95 percent mica. The major difficulty encountered was incomplete settling of the highly dispersed ferroalloy. This problem was not completely solved. Reducing agents tried in melts of 300 to 400 pounds were carbon, silicon, and silicon carbide. Carbon slowly reduced the iron of the raw materials, with much fuming. Silicon apparently was oxidized ahead of the melting and was ineffective under the conditions obtained. By far the best reducing agent was silicon carbide. With silicon carbide, fuming did not occur and ionic iron content of the mica flake approached 0 percent. However, even with SiC, the highly dispersed globular iron did not completely separate from the mica portion. The fluorphlogopite made during this investigation should be suitable for metallurgical use. A byproduct ferroalloy containing about 5 percent nickel, 3 to 5 percent chromium, and some cobalt was obtained. Because of the highly dispersed metallic ferroalloy, the mica was not deemed suitable for electrical or electronic uses.

Jan 1, 1962

By Anil K. Beersing

Effective drainage systems are required for reclamation of mine-disturbed areas to control surface water runoff and avoid excessive erosion. For the conventional structural design approach, armouring material necessary to satisfy the design criteria should not move during the design flood event since displacement would uncover the erodible underlying materials. This paper discusses an alternative geomorphic approach for designing drainage channels and watershed landscape. The approach is based on quantitative studies of geomorphic processes operating in a watershed. A design based on the geomorphic approach replicates the configuration, channel regime, sediment volume and hydrology of natural and mature drainage systems. Movement of some armouring material is acceptable in such an approach because the channels are allowed to mature by natural degradation and aggradation, with erosion rates comparable to the natural environment. The key advantages of a geomorphic approach over a purely structural approach include reduced sizes of armouring material, geomorphologically sustainable landscapes, ?walk-away? or maintenance-free design and reduced liability in the future. The geomorphic approach is illustrated using the example of a coal mining operation in northwest U.S.A. The paper discusses field data collection, design criteria, typical design details, and construction methods.

Apr 1, 2005

By B. S. Xakalashe

Keywords: Pyrometallurgy, silicon, solar cells Silicon has been the dominant material in the photovoltaic (PV) industry since its application in the space industry in 1958. This review focuses on crystalline silicon solar cells, primarily due to their dominance in the photovoltaic industry, omitting other photovoltaic cell technologies such as second generation (e.g. thin films) and third generation (e.g. nano-structured solar cells). The value chain for the production of crystalline silicon solar cells has been reviewed. The primary processing steps for the production of silicon solar cells from quartz are as follows: bulk production of metallurgical-grade silicon via carbothermic reduction in a submerged furnace, refining of metallurgical-grade silicon via the chemical means to polycrystalline silicon, or through the metallurgical route to solar-grade silicon, wafer manufacturing, and, lastly, silicon solar cell manufacturing. During downstream processing, solar cells are interconnected and encapsulated into solar modules (panels), which can be used individually or incorporated into a photovoltaic system for electricity generation and supply. The cost for crystalline silicon based solar cells is approaching one US dollar per watt peak ($1/Wp), while the most cost-effective solar modules in industry have reported costs below $1/Wp, and are based on CdTe thin films. Solar cell energy conversion efficiencies as high as 22% have been reported in industry for crystalline silicon solar cells.

Jan 1, 2011

By John S. Hutchins, David L. Wassum

Mining engineers are ready to take a big step into a new field-oil mining. To understand the subject, one must look at the world's oil supply and demand as well as petroleum technology successes and failures. The US has an abundance of solid hydrocarbon and uranium energy resources, but 75% of its energy for industry, transportation, manufacturing, and space heating comes from liquid petroleum and natural gas. So there are increasing efforts to discover new oil reserves; today the number of drilling rigs operating in the US is at an all-time high. But with 80% of the world's wells already located in the US and Canada, good new exploration prospects are difficult to find. The cost of drilling deep new wells has also greatly increased. The US faced a similar situation in the early 1950s, when primary oil production declines began. During that time, the petroleum researcher introduced secondary recovery techniques such as water flooding and gas injection. This increased the average amount of extractable oil from discovered US reservoirs from 17% to 33%. Production soared and the world petroleum price remained stable until the end of the 1960s. Secondary recovery techniques were then supplemented by tertiary oil recovery technologies-increasing sweep efficiency with such things as CO2 injection-that are, so far, only partially successful in most petroleum fields. Even so, these technologies could raise cumulative recovery expectations to 35-38%. The "lost" oil in depleted US reservoirs equals 48 km3 (300 billion bbl) of conventional oil, or 12 times the current recoverable reserve base. At the present rate of US consumption-1 km3/a or 6 billion bbl/a-this is enough to run the US for 50 years without importing any oil. Moreover, there are 16-24 km3 (100-150 billion bbl) of as-yet unrecoverable heavy oil and tar sands in the US.

Jan 12, 1981

By R. K. Sinha, B. S. Choudhary, Desh Deepak, A. K. Mishra, Hemant Agrawal, Shankar Kumar

There are several methods (empirical, statistical, and machine learning tools) to calculate blast-induced ground vibration. Still, due to complications in the blasting procedure, under varying blasting loads and strata conditions, it is not easy to predict and simulate blast vibration precisely. Therefore, a study was conducted to simulate the field blast data in Ansys software using explicit dynamics. For this study, monitoring of ground vibration for 20 single hole blasts was carried out. The density of emulsion explosives was in the range of 0.9 to 1.15 g/cc. In the laboratory, rock properties were determined from the rock sample collected from the mine site before blasting. The in-hole velocity of detonation (VoD) and the density of the emulsion explosive were also determined. These parameters were used for numerical analysis to know the ground vibrations at specified points. The results of ground vibration predicted by the model are validated using field data.