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By John D. Wiebmer

Kansas, with its thin seams and tough overburden, may not be anyone's first choice for a coal mining operation. But there are operators making it pay through careful attention to mining techniques and aggressive marketing in the local region. One of the few Kansas coal operators is Bill Patch, who has been in the business for 28 years. Beginning with a single dragline operation near his home in Welch, Okla., Bill's Coal Co. weathered some lean times during the "soft" coal market of the 1950's and 1960's. But his tenacity paid off when new markets began opening up, and the company has grown by leaps and bounds in recent years. In 1975, the Fort Scott mine opened in Bourbon County, Kansas; in 1976, the Porter mine began production in Wagoner County, Okla.; in 1977, the Fulton mine opened near Fulton, Kansas. In addition, the original Welch mine in Oklahoma is still a producer, and this year the company will open a new mine at Chetopa, Kansas.

Jan 9, 1978

The following rules, upon approval by the Board of Directors, shall serve as guides in the practical applications of the Bylaws for the operation of the Institute and have the full power and effect of Bylaws, however, these rules may be changed, modified, re¬pealed or amended when deemed necessary by the Board of Directors Any change or alteration of these Rules shall be published in the Journals of the Institute within three months after such alteration is adopted ARTICLE I-ORGANIZATIONS OF THE INSTITUTE Section 1-Societies Rule 1-Governing Body Each Society shall form its own governing body composed of an Executive Committee, or similarly designated executive body, duly elected officers, and a Nominating Committee for the nomination of Institute officers as provided by the Bylaws of AIME and of each Society approved by the Board In all correspondence and printed matter the Society Boards of Directors shall be specifically identified For ex¬ample, the Mining Board of Directors or the Board of Directors of the Society of Mining Engineers Using simply the "Board of Directors" could cause confusion

Jan 1, 1960

By E. S. Vargas, T. W. Chapman, Samuel W-S Tse

Models for interphase mass transfer rates in the solvent extraction of metals are developed for zinc and copper chlorides being extracted by trilsooctylamine and for copper extraction by LIX 64N from ammonia solution. The approach is to adopt a stagnant film model on which film thicknesses are known and to derive the interfacial metal fluxes for the case where all reversible reactions are fast and locally equilibrated. A growing drop mass transfer cell is used to measure extraction rates. It is found that for the cases studied the transfer rates are mass-transfer limited On the other hand, copper extraction by LIX from acidic solution exhibits slow reaction kinetics, and earlier kinetics models are confirmed. Interactions that cause varying selectivity in the simultaneous extraction of copper and zinc chlorides are demonstrated.

Jan 1, 1981

By Theodore H. Eyde

The porphyry-copper province of southwestern United States and northern Mexico constitutes the largest copper-producing region in the world. More than 20 deposits discovered since World War II are being exploited or in the process of exploration and development. Because of the remarkable success in discovering new deposits, exploration activity continues at a very high rate and deeper targets are explored each year. Exploration programs for deeply buried porphyry-copper deposits require a reevaluation of the conventional exploration techniques. Though surface induced-polarization techniques have about reached their practical detection limit, aeromagnetics will play an increasing role in the exploration activity as will downhole logging tools. In addition to a valid geological concept, any successful exploration program for porphyry-copper deposits in the southwest must have two other essential ingredients: money and guts. Unfortunately many exploration programs in the southwest are underfunded and doomed to failure. Future exploration will demand more joint venturing in which larger and more expensive exploration programs can be successfully funded by groups of companies or syndicates.

Jan 1, 1975

By Dennis V. D’Andrea, Sidney M. Runke

This paper describes the Bureau of Mines-El Paso Mining and Milling Company cooperative research program at the Emerald Isle mine3 near Kingman, Ariz. This research program was directed toward developing in situ leaching methods for 200,000 tons of ore exposed in the pit bottom and also 1,500,000 tons of ore under 200 feet of overburden adjacent to the pit. A test area in the pit bottom containing 15,000 tons of ore was blasted and leached. The results of this leach test were encouraging, and the entire pit bottom was leached in-place for about 7 months. Two test blasts under 200 feet of overburden and extending to 290 feet were detonated in an area near the open pit. The results of these blasts were evaluated by core drilling and permeability measurements. An in situ leaching system was designed, but not implemented, to recover copper from the 1,500,000-ton area near the pit. The company decided to terminate operations at the Emerald Isle mine in November 1975.

Jan 1, 1976

By Alan K. Burton

The individuality of off-highway trucks is largely determined by a number of truck components that include beds, frames, and suspensions. With the exception of tires, these features are generally standard equipment and the mine operator gets "what comes with the truck." With the advent of larger trucks, more complicated haul profiles, and sophisticated production control systems, a new truck support-component industry is rapidly appearing. The impact of the new options for off-highway trucks can be significant in terms of future fleet performance. Innovations include "Mesabi" radiator cores that reportedly offer greater engine temperature control; load indicators that insure proper truck loading at the shovel; and digital communication systems that signal truck status in the haulage cycle. An understanding of tires, brakes, and newly introduced support components is necessary before an optimum choice of truck can be made

Jan 11, 1975

By Richard M. Foose

WOULD you like to find a large new ore deposit next year? The answer is as obvious as the question is foolish. But perhaps the question does have some merit if we alter it slightly and ask: What are you doing about finding new ore? This one is more difficult to answer. Possibly you are doing nothing about finding new ore because you have proved reserves for many future years of production. Others may be investing some small percentage of time, effort, and money in mineral exploration, and reserves may be currently adequate, or inadequate, in terms of many future productive years. Still others may be engaged in large-scale mineral exploration programs involving large expenditures of time, personnel effort, and money. In whatever category you may be, a final question might well be asked. Is your current mineral exploration program, or lack of program, consistent with the long-range needs and objectives of your organization and of the mining industry as a whole, and is it designed to stimulate the growth of the industry in future years, or is it only a short-range program in response to some current situation?

Jan 3, 1958

By Gunnar Almgren

Hole deviation has great consequences on mining economy, especially for long hole drilling technique. First of all the bore hole datas are concerned but also such factors as development, loss of ore and waste rock dilution are influenced. Hole deviation for sublevel open stoping is illustrated with examples from some mines. The deviations are indicated as mean values but also as standard deviation values, owing to their statistical distribution. The economic influence of the hole deviation is especially studied for steep, small lowgrade orebodies, mined with big hole blasting. Hole deviation can thus influence costs up to US$ 3-4 per ton for operating, development, losses of ore and rock waste dilution. This cost is of the same magnitude as the total operating costs for many sublevel stoping mines. The economic savings in accurate drilling are therefore substantial and are worth all attention.

Jan 1, 1981

By Chester Washburne

LEASING the Teapot dome to the Mammoth Oil Co. is the culminating anticlimax of the "conserva-tion movement." It is just the touch required to make a full fiasco of the whole affair. If the revered wielder of the "Big Stick" were still with us, we could hear it fall harder than it did on Ballinger. Of all the oil reserves set aside by presidential decree, there was only one which certainly could con-serve much oil for the future. This was Naval Reserve No. 3, on the Teapot dome, Wyoming. After secret negotiations, carefully guarded from the press and from the knowledge of other oil men, we are suddenly informed that this last and only known chance to save much oil for future naval needs has been given away for early development.

Jan 6, 1922

By H. C. Howarth

THIS paper gives observations on ground movement and subsidence resulting from pillar drawing in the Lick Run section of Montour No. 10 mine of the Pittsburgh Coal Co. adjacent to solid coal owned by the U. S. Bureau of Mines at its Experimental mine in Snowden Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. The investigation was planned by George S. Rice, chief mining engineer of the Bureau, who arranged the necessary cooperation with Dr. L. E. Young, vice president of the Pittsburgh Coal Co. Engineers of that company placed permanent monuments on the surface to establish the boundaries of the coal owned by the Bureau and to furnish fixed points to which all levels were referred. Engineers of the Experimental mine staff then covered the ground under observation with a checkerwork of monuments made of oak pegs set into the ground at 50-ft. intervals in two directions at right angles to each other. The level of these pegs was determined first from Dec. 16 to 30, 1929; again from May 25 to June 5, 1930, and finally from July 7 to 15, 1931. Observations were then discontinued because work had been stopped temporarily in this part on Montour 10 mine.

Jan 1, 1933

International Trade in Metals. By J W FURIES AND E W PEHRSON (Man &Met, Oct 474 to 477 900 words) Five world charts are presented in this article showing the production, consumption and principal trade relations of bauxite, aluminum, iron ore, pig iron and the platinum group metals in 1932 They are part of an original study conducted by the U S Bureau of Mines covering 15 of the principal metals and metallic ores Text accompanying the charts indicates the broad features of the respective industries in 1932 and the major changes that have occurred since 1932

Jan 1, 1937

By M. P. Board, M. J. Reus

Instrumentation was installed during construction of the Silver Shaft in northern Idaho to evaluate lining behavior and rock deformation. Rock mass displacements were monitored with multiple-position borehole extensometers. Liner stress and strain were measured with concrete pressure cells and embedment strain gages. Rock displacement data from the 5,955-ft level indicate rock mass anisotropy. Liner stress and strain data reflect high in situ stresses and nearby station and raise construction. Continued monitoring and preliminary analysis indicate that concrete-lined, circular shafts are stable for high, unequal stress fields and anisotropy in deep level mines.

Jan 1, 1984

By John T. Galey

The restrictions placed on drilling by the Federal Government, which caused a severe curtailment in activity at the beginning of the year, were relaxed somewhat so as to permit the drilling of one shallow† gas well per 40 acres. New wells numbering 574† were drilled for a combined depth of nearly 1,500,000 It., and of this number 131 were dry holes with a footage of slightly over 375,000. Inside locations account for the majority of these totals and the increasing demand for natural gas would normally have increased the number considerably, but many of the independent operators chose to ask for fewer exceptions to Order M-68 of the Office of Production Management, and consequently to curtail the number of wells drilled. Initial open flow of natural gas developed from all operations§ is over 230 million cu. ft. Nearly 191 million cu. ft. of this volume resulted from the 410 new gas wells drilled to horizons above the Lower Devonian, and the footage drilled in these wells accounts for approximately 93 per cent of the total. Shallow Development Oil.—Thirty oil, wells, with a total initial production of slightly over 152 bbl. and a footage of 50.000, were drilled during the § Including deepening wells previously drilled.

Jan 1, 1943

By J. E. Nesset, J. A. Finch

A model of the fully-loaded condition of particle accumulation on the matrix of a high gradient magnetic separator is developed. The model accurately predicts the build-up profiles reported recently by Friedlaender et al. A powerful development from the model is that loading (volume of accumulated material per unit volume of matrix) is uniquely defined by a dimensionless group, called the loading number, NL. From direct measurements, NL proved superior to the dimensionless group proposed by Watson as a measure of loading. The fine size limit of hematite recovery is examined using NL.

Jan 1, 1980

By William Braden

IT is obvious that the choice of the method to be employed in the handling of blast-furnace slags and mattes depends upon local facilities and conditions which may indicate as advisable some particular plan. As a result of the variety of such conditions hardly any two smelters use identically the same method, though they be located only a few hundred feet apart. For instance, of the several plants in Leadville, Colorado, each has a more or less distinctive system. The same is true of Salt Lake City and vicinity. In view of this it is evident that the existing diversity of practice cannot be accepted, prima facia, as evidence

Jan 1, 1897

By W. A. Bruce

THIS paper presents the essentials of a mathematical method of studying the pressure behavior of an oil reservoir as the fluids are withdrawn. Methods are shown whereby the behavior of a reservoir can be used to predict the future relationship between withdrawals and pressure. The oil reservoir is considered as a small part of a large porous continuum, which contains for the most part water. The expansion of this water resulting from a decrease of pressure in the oil zone causes a movement of water that is an important factor in the relationship between fluid withdrawals and reservoir pressure. Examples are given to illustrate the methods of pressure prediction for a circular reservoir containing undersaturated crude, the pressure distribution over a field that has a uniform production rate, the effect of a fault line near a field, the mutual interference of near-by fields, and the perturbing influence of a gas cap. Applications of the analysis to sell-spacing problems are shown.

Jan 1, 1942

By R. W. Mancantelli, J. R. Woodward

In 1947 a large low grade deposit of uranium was located in the northwest corner of Saskatchewan, in the Beaverlodge property of Eldorado Mining & Refining Ltd. Most of the values occur as thin seams and as coatings on other minerals, and the ore, which is light and friable, is not amenable to the usual gravity methods of concentration. The acid leaching process developed to retreat the company's Port Radium tailings was also impractical, as the percentage of carbonates is high and the percentage of sulphides relatively low. Construction of the mill building and installation of equipment, both scheduled for 1952, awaited selection of a satisfactory ore dressing process on or before Oct. 1, 1951. An extensive research program on dressing of ores from the Ace mine therefore was undertaken by the Mines Branch in Ottawa, a research team at the University of British Columbia and an ore dressing group at the company's Port Hope refinery.

Jun 1, 1955

By Alden B. Greninger

THE study of mosaic structure of crystals1 has been confined until recently to the field of theoretical physics Crystallographers, in general, have neglected the subject, although X-ray crystallographers constantly make use of formulas for intensities of X-ray reflection as modified by mosaic structure Work on mosaic structure has centered chiefly on the task of proving or disproving the secondary-structure theory of Zwicky,2 and very little attention has been paid to the visible imperfections of crystals A Goetz has been responsible for most of the supposed experimental confirmations of Zwicky's theory 3 On the other hand, Smekal,4 and Orowan,5 among others, maintain that these is neither theoretical nor experimental evidence to substantiate Zwicky's secondary structure

Jan 1, 1935

A 2-year moratorium on accreditation of curricula bearing new designations has been declared by Engineers' Council for Professional Development at its Executive Committee meeting on July 29, 1952. Reason: a more definitive description of what the contents of a curriculum should include to be appropriately designated as "engineering" is needed. This action was brought on by the Committee of Evaluation of the American Society of Engineering Education which had become perturbed over the extension of the name "engineering" to numerous fringe curricula. The 2-year period will permit time for the Committee on Evaluation to study the question and make a recommendation for further action by ECPD. ECPD action also provided that the following curricula should only be given provisional accreditation for one year upon either inspection or reinspection; such provisional accreditation to be extended annually for not more than two successive years pending the report: Engineering Physics, Engineering Mechanics, Geological Engineering, Geophysical Engineering, and Textile Engineering. There are 22 such curricula now accredited.

Jan 1, 1952

By Arthur F. Colombo, David M. Hopstock

The Lake Superior region contains extensive deposits of potential iron ore in the form of fine-grained oxidized taconite. To help assure utilization of this resource in an environmentally sound manner, the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, is conducting bench- and pilot-scale research using wet high-intensity magnetic (WHIM) separation. The advantages and disadvantages of WHIM separation in comparison with other feasible beneficiation methods are discussed. Pilot plant results are given for a flowsheet in which WHIM scavenging is used in conjunction with selective flocculation and flotation. A mathematical model for use in process optimization is given. Practical aspects of matrix selection and separator design for WHIM separation of fine particles are discussed.

Jan 1, 1980