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By W J. Riva

This paper reviews the coal mining operations of The Canmore Mines, Limited, at Canmore, Alberta, paying particular attention to the use of this coal by the metallurgical and chemical industries. The characteristics of the deposits are outlined, and the mining and processing methods used are discussed. Introduction M INING in the Cascade coal area of Alberta began form-ally in 1886 when the Canadian Anthracite Coal Company was granted its charter. Earlier operations had been confined to prospecting and family-type enterprises serving the market area within barging distance on the Bow river. From 1886 to 1964, seven mines were opened between Banff and Ribbon Creek; six of these have since been abandoned, leaving the B c 0 L. original tenant, under the name of The Canmore Mines, Limited, as the sole survivor. The town of Canmore, hub of the mining ventures, is located on the main line of the C.P.R. and on the Trans-Canada Highway, 67 rail miles west of Calgary and 57 4 miles east of Vancouver, as shown in Figure 1.

Jan 1, 1965

By R. Edinger

Aerospace and space products depend, probably more than any other products in industry, on advanced materials. While there are many ways of producing aerospace parts, in many cases the process does not allow the design of the metallurgical properties according to the part or product requirements in accordance with its mechanical configuration. Key to the next level of innovative manufacturing is the capability to control the amount of energy applied to the process, as well as the addition of materials in form of vapor or solid particles such as powder in order to build up the metallurgical composition required. With the development of a high speed pulsed laser-electron beam source, the LASTRON(TM) technology, we deliver the basic requirement for a digital manufacturing process of aerospace and space products. This technology, combining Laser and electron beam, finds application in welding, drilling-machining, and is currently modified to allow digital coating (PEB-PVD) methods. In addition to the coating, a powder metallurgical process, called Rapid Manufacturing (RM), will allow the precision melting of parts based on CAD/CAM files. The RM process and the digital coating will allow the production of graded aerospace alloys in parts for jet engines and aero-structures.

Jan 1, 2006

By Donald F. MacDonald

THE cement plant nearest to Nova Scotia is not far from Montreal. Cement is a heavy product which, because of its relatively low value, cannot stand a high freight charge without unduly enhancing its cost. This is one reason why cement costs are high in Nova Scotia. The regular retail price per bag (8772 lb.) in Antigonish is 85 cents, which would be $3.40 per Canadian barrel of 350 pounds, or $3.65 per American barrel of 376 pounds.It is said that the lowest wholesale price in Halifax is 65 cents per sack, which would be $2.60 per Canadian barrel or about $2.80 per American barrel. According to U.S. Bureau of Mines statistics, the average factory price for cement in 1937 was $1.48 per American barrel, which is practically the same as the value per barrel indicated in Dominion statistics for the Canadian output during that year. The difference between $3.40 and $1.48 is $1.92. It is evident that the average user of cement in the Mari-times pays a stiff premium because Maritime cement raw materials have not been developed. Rock-wool, the manufacture of which is rapidly increasing in Ontario and the United States, is much needed for building insulation in the cold climate of Nova Scotia.

Jan 1, 1939

By D. W. Li

Due to the ultrasonic testing and mechanical wind speed sensor have high requirement for the environmental of the coal mine, the charge induction wind speed detection method based on wavelet analysis is proposed. The same wavelet disturbance detection method is used at a fixed distance to obtain an induction signal to obtain a pass time, and then calculate the magnitude and speed of the wind. Simulation and verification experiments show that the method has application across a wide range of test speeds (up to 60 m/s). The metal probe causes little pipeline flow field interference. The method is particularly well-suited to dusty environment, and does not cause dust deposition through long-term operation. It can be widely used in coal mines for point wind speed continuous online testing.

Aug 1, 2013

By D. Royston

In SAG mills fed with a variety of ore types, hard packing between the shell lifters can come and go depending on rock type and rock size distribution and the presence of a binder. Packing can appear in all sizes of SAG mills, and can be tenacious. High ball impact forces (depending on ball size) in larger mills may compact and encourage packing. Packing can have a negative impact on milling performance and a change in shell liner design may be required to remove it. However shell liner design changes need to be managed with care to ensure liner reliability. In smaller mills control of packing can extend shell plate wear-life and may help to maintain milling performance in fixed-speed mills through the liner wear-cycle.

Jan 1, 2012

By R. R. Montigny

A brief description is given of the history, location and geology of the Granisle Copper Limited operation on Copper I land in Babine Lake. Detailed information is given with regard to pit design, planning, drilling, blasting, excavation and haulage. Equipment maintenance and mining costs are also presented.

Jan 1, 1971

By L. Janku, G. Hancox, M. Villenueve, C. Massey

Wellington lies in a seismically active area 150 km from a subduction zone and in the vicinity of several active faults, which poses a risk to its infrastructure and inhabitants. One of these major faults, the Wellington Fault, runs through the centre of the city and across several lifelines, including the natural gas pipeline and the freshwater pipeline. The first settlement in the area was severely damaged in 1848, soon after its establishment, by an earthquake of approximate magnitude Mw 7.4 - 7.5 (Grapes, Little, & Downes, 1998). In 1855, another earthquake of magnitude Mw 8.2 generated by a nearby fault uplifted the eastern part of the current Wellington area and caused several landslides in the surrounding hills (Grapes & Downes, 1997). The Central Business District lies in the area of a sedimentary basin and partly on reclaimed land. Many residential areas, as well as some vital infrastructure, however, lie on or along the slopes in the surrounding hills. The bedrock in the area comprises predominantly the Torlesse greywacke of Permian – Late Triassic age. The greywacke is tilted to a steep angle, intensively faulted and fractured (Cook, 2001). Even though several studies in the past assessed the seismic risk in the area (e.g. Brabhaharan, Hancox, Perrin, & Dellow, 1994), the studies either focussed solely on the area of the sedimentary basin or based their assessment of the hilly terrain purely on slope morphology (slope angle). Previous studies have shown that slope shape and contrasting materials in the slope can amplify earthquake ground motions, such factors are typically called site effects (e.g. Geli, Bard, & Jullien, 1988). Any attempt to systematically quantify the site effects and consequent seismic response of the slopes and use it to predict the consequences of the next large-magnitude earthquake, has not yet been carried out. In this extended abstract we outline the methodology of a PhD research project, focussed on investigating the site effects on the slopes around Wellington and on creating representative numerical models of ‘characteristic’ Wellington slopes and materials. This extended abstract presents the methodology adopted for the assessment using the Te Ahumairangi Hill site as an example.

Jan 1, 2015

By Deborah A. McCombe

"One of the cornerstones of NI43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects is the technical report. The purpose of the report is to provide a summary of the scientific and technical information concerning mineral exploration, development, and production activities on a mineral property that is material to an issuer. The reports must be prepared in accordance with NI43101 and Form 43-101F1 Technical Report and the information must be current as of the date of the filing of the technical report. As these reports provide important information to the investing public, qualified persons preparing these reports should, as much as possible, write in plain, simple language that can be easily read and understood by people who are not geoscientists or engineers. So let’s review some of the common deficiencies with technical reports. Non-current technical report Some of the factors you should consider when determining if your previously filed technical report is still current are as follows: •,Is there new technical information on the property, such as drilling, assays, metallurgical testwork? •,Have you made changes to key assumptions, parameters relating to mineral resources or mineral reserves, or economic analysis? If you have completed the previously recommended work, are your recommendations still current? Similarly, are your report recommendations consistent with what you are telling your shareholders or disclosing in the use of proceeds in your offering documents? For example, if the recommendations in the report consist of further exploration and metallurgical test-work prior to completing a preliminary feasibility study and you have completed the proposed work and are now raising money for a final feasibility study, the report is probably not current."

Jan 1, 2003

By A. F. Matheson

"Bankfield Consolidated Mines, Limited, and Tombill Gold Mines, Limited, in the Little Long Lac area, Ontario, mined an orebody that was common to both. The discovery' of this orebody was made by surface prospecting in May, 1932, on Bankfield ground, following an original discovery made in the same manner on the same property on a small reef in Magnet lake in October, 1931. The production from the two mines between 1937 and 1942 was approximately 135,000 oz. gold from about 420,000 tons of ore, an average grade of 0.32 oz. a ton. Production was nearly equally divided between the two properties. Both mines are now closed, the ore exhausted.""The ore is mainly sheared and fractured greywacke and porphyry impregnated by silica and small amounts of metallic minerals. To a lesser extent there are definite quartz veins in the ore zone""(l). The metallic minerals present were principally pyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, and native gold .As at other mines in the Little Long Lac area, an elongated, broad, deep trough of folded, steeply dipping volcanic and sedimentary rocks, striking roughly east-west and surrounded by younger granite, is host to the orebodies of the Bankfield and Tombill. In the immediate area of the two mines iron formation and conglomerate bands occur nearby both north and south of an intrusion of porphyry-Cliorite, suggesting repetition of beds and folding. Although considerable drag folding is in evidence, folding on the above scale has neither been proved nor disproved."

Jan 1, 1954

By W. S. Tremaine

When the Hedley Mascot mill was built in 1935, it was designed as a straight flotation plant. The ore to be treated at that time was a gold ore in which the gold was intimately associated with arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite in highly silicified and garnetized limestone gangue. This material was ground to 85 per cent minus 325 mesh in two-stage grinding and floated in standard flotation cells to produce about a 5-ounce concentrate, which was shipped to Tacoma smelter for refining. This arrangement gave us a recovery of about 89 per cent. Test work indicated that the best way to improve this recovery would be to build a cyanide plant to treat our flotation middling. Arrangements for the construction of this plant were finally approved and work on it was started in the spring of 1940. This plant was of the conventional type in which the flotation middlings were thickened, filtered, and then put through the usual cyanide process. Its capacity was 50 tons of middlings per day. This arrangement worked quite satisfactorily and gave us an increase in overall recovery of 4 per cent. Unfortunately, about the time the plant was completed, we developed, and started to ship to the mill, ore that differed entirely from that met with up to that time. Instead of being hard, it was very soft, the orebody from which- it came being much faulted and brecciated. In many sections, the sulphides were oxidized and the breccia was filled in with a very soft, hydrous iron silicate known as chloropal. When this new ore was mixed with the old ore and sent to the mill, the whole operation was disrupted. The chloropal slimed so badly that the classification, flotation circuits, and cyanide plant would not handle it. The difficulty in the cyanide plant was at the head end, where the 10 ft. by 20 ft. thickener and the 8 ft. by 8ft. drum filter would not handle the middlings containing a large percentage of primary slime and chloropal. This material would not thicken to more than 30 per cent solids in the thickener and, when pumped to the filter, would forma very thin, slimy cake. Overall recovery dropped to between 83 and 84 percent and it was quite apparent that some extensive changes would have to be made in our flow-sheet before this ore could be treated successfully.

Jan 1, 1947

By M. E. Wilson, A. C. Lee

"The property owned by Senator-Rouyn Mines, Limited, is in Rouyn township about 17'2 miles southwest of the town of Rouyn. It adjoins the Chadbourne claims of Noranda Mines, Limited, on the south and the Bagamac property on the ·west. It includes seven claims-block 44, blocks 80 to 83 and blocks 96 and 97; the mine is wholly in blocks 44 and 82.Late in 1936 gold was discovered in an outcrop of rusty weathering carbonate rock near the north end of block 44, and the following year the present Company was organized to proceed with the development of the property. During 1937-38, 17,000 feet of diamond drill core were bored to determine the extent of the ore deposit at depth. From October 15th, 1940, to April 15th, 1941, the ore was hauled to the mill at the Arntfield mine for treatment. The mill on the Senator-Rouyn property started on April 25th, 1941, and has been in practically continuous operation since than time. To the end of 1946, 574,874 tons of ore, from which gold having a value of $3,836,450 was recovered, were treated in the mill.GEOLOGYThe rocks exposed at the Senator-Rouyn mine, except in the southern part of the property, are almost wholly quartz diorite, part of an irregular mass that extends west from the town of Rouyn along the north shore of Noranda lake and thence southwest across the Senator-Rouyn claims. In the northern part of the propertyt inclusions of rhyolite occur here and there in the diorite. In the southern part the predominant rock is dacite and in the east-central part of block 44 claim andesite. Dykes of andesite, quartz syenite, and later diabase also occur on the property.The andesite of the Abitibi volcanics is not exposed on the property, but has been intersected in three diamond drill holes, one on the eastern boundary of block 44 and two farther west within the block. This andesite is probably the western end of a band of pillowed andesite well exposed in the Larose claim to the east."

Jan 1, 1954

By C. H. Hopper, D. R. Derry, H. S. McGowan

"The property of Matachewan Consolidated Mines is in the Matachewan area on the west side of Montreal river. It lies in the western extension of the Kirkland Lake sedimentary belt. The first discovery of gold on the property was made by S. Otisse, in 1916. The property was taken over by Ventures, Limited, in 1933 and production commenced in late 1934. To date (December 31st, 1947) it has amounted to 2,308,800 tons, from which gold and silver to the value of $9,567,600 has been recovered. The mill is currently treating 650 tons of ore a day.GENERAL GEOLOGYThe deposits lie close to the south contact of a belt of sediments striking in a general east-west direction. The sediments, presumed to be of Timiskaming age, consist of light buff arkose and greywacke, containing small pebbles. The Keewatin volcanic rocks to the south are andesites or basalts with cuff and agglomerate bands developed especially near the contact with the sediments. The lavas and sediments are overlain by relatively flat-lying sediments of the Cobalt series to the south and west of the mine, but these later sediments are not involved in the mineralization under discussion. The Keewatin lavas and Timiskaming sediments are intruded by dykes and lenses of red syenite porphyry that have approximately the same strike and dip as the invaded rocks. Later diabase dykes, apparently post-ore, run in a north-south direction and cut all rocks except the Cobalt series.OREBODIESThe gold-bearing mineralization forms bodies of two different types: (1) Within the volcanic rocks irregular orebodies with limited vertical extent. These consist of a series of flat-dipping quartz stringers and adjacent lavas and /or cuffs fractured, bleached, and mineralized with pyrite and gold. They are higher grade than the second type (average about 0.16 oz. gold a ton) and formed the main source of ore for the first 5 years of production. They are described in more detail than can be given here in an article by C. H. Hopper (4). More recent work on deeper levels has failed so far to find orebodies of comparable grade, though low-grade mineralization of a similar type does occur on the projected rake of the main group of the 'basalt type' of orebodies."

Jan 1, 1954

By Russell McIntosh

"The Madsen mine is in the southeastern part of Baird township, in Red Lake area, Ontario. It lies about 6 miles southwest of the town of Red Lake, with which it is connected by an all-weather road.The Madsen Red Lake Gold Mines Company was formed in March, 1935, to take over the holdings of the Falcon Gold and Jomac Gold syndicates. During 1935 an4 the early part of 1936 No. 1 shaft was sunk and drifts driven on four levels, all on a narrow quartz vein in a granite dyke.In July, 1936, the Austin zone was discovered about half a mile north of No. 1 shaft by Austin McVeigh, a prospector employed by the Company. Diamond drilling showed that the zone included an orebody worth development, and in 1937 No. 2 shaft was sunk, three levels opened up and sufficient ore outlined to justify the installation of a mill. Milling commenced in August, 1938, at the rate of 300 tons a day, which was later increased to 400 tons a day.The total production from 1938 to 1946 was 1,116,307 tons from which gold and silver having a value of $9,949,010 were recovered. The gold produced ranged from a minimum of 0.1910 oz. a ton in 1939 to a maximum of 0.2827 oz. in 1944. The average grade in 1946 was 0.2345 oz. to the ton."

Jan 1, 1954

By DON E. MacDONALD

Marl in Alberta is confined to highly specific geological, hydrogeologica/ and climatic settings. Tufa is fa irly abundant in those areas of western Alberta where bedrock is of the Paskapoo Formation. Marl and tufa originate when the following conditions are met: presence of a carbonate source in drift or nearsurface bedrock; leaching of the carbonate by percolating groundwater; transportation of calcium and bicarbonate ions in a permeable aquifer; discharge at the surface as springs, seeps or lakes; re-precipitation of calcium carbonate. Alberta has seven categories of marl and tufa deposits, based upon over-all depositional environment and calcium carbonate

Jan 1, 1984

By BRIAN HITCHON

Calcium, magnesium, bromide and iodide extraction from formation waters for use as industrial minerals has occurred in several countries, but not yet in Canada. Potential commercial brine fields exist in th e Upper Devonian Beaverhill Lake Formation of so uthern Alberta, and the Middle Devonian Elk Point Subgroup of north-central Alberta, f rom which calcium, magnesium and bromide are potential products. Iodide contents in fo rmation waters f rom the Upper Cretaceous Belly River Formation and the Lower Cretaceous Viking and Bow Island fo rmations in central and southern Alberta are at the lower range limit of commercial iodide-bearing formation waters elsewhere in the world. Available information is insufficient 10 outline potentially commercial areas in Alberta, but such info rmation can be most easily obtained f rom test borings for shallow natural gas. Lithium is not now produced commercially f rom formation waters but its content should be monitored in view of f uture increased demand for this metal.

Jan 1, 1984

By G. E. Wood

Steep Rock Resources Inc. owns a calcite quarry property at Tatlock, Ontario, and a calcite processing plant at Perth, Ontario. The Tatlock marble deposit forms part of an extensive series of carbonate rocks of the Grenville Geological Province in the Precambrian Shield of southeastern Ontario. The deposit is very unusual, if not unique, in the Grenville area in its combination of characteristics of large size, whiteness, high calcium content, low magnesium and silica contents, and scarcity of accessory minerals. A major expansion of the fine grind products capacity of the plant was undertaken in 1982 and came on stream in 1983. The expansion provides important operating benefits at the plant: greater flexibility as to the product mix and reduced dependence on the single grinding mill previously in place. The expanded facility consists of prima,y and secondary crushers, a rotary drye,~ a screenhouse producing a range of screen separator grade products, an airswept Raymond Mill, and a pebble mill with integrated air classifiers, product storage bins, bulk, semi-bulk, and bagged product shipping capabilities, road and rail access, and a substantial product warehouse. The expansion was designed to be compatible with a move into ultrafine calcite production, and is capable of supplying the anticipated sales growth within its market area during the next 5 years. Products are exceptionally white, with good chemistry, low abrasion, and consistent quality. Markets range, according to product particle size, from pre-cast concrete aggregate to fillers for coatings, plastic pipe, and compounds.

Jan 1, 1984

By D. Nie, M. Ren, T. Mo

This paper studied the phenomenon of room temperature creep deformation at crack tip and its effect on fatigue crack growth rate of a X-70 pipeline steel using compact-tension (CT) specimen on a MTS 810 testing machine. Time-dependent deformation at the crack tip under constant load was observed in this steel at room temperature and the amount of deformation produced was seen to depend on loading rate and the magnitude of stress intensity factor. It is found that there exists a critical stress intensity factor below which the deformation decreases with time when the applied load remains constant. It is also found that the occurrence of room temperature creep obviously affects the subsequent fatigue crack growth rate. The observed behavior was explained based on dislocation theory.

Jan 1, 2005

By D. Y. Li, C. D. Ma, T. Zhou, T. J. Cheng

In this paper, a number of experimental tests are carried out to study the strength difference on rectangular prismatic marble specimens with different height-to-width (H/W) rations. The specimens have a nominal size of 45×15 mm in the compressive cross-section (W×T) and different heights (H = 22.5 mm, 45 mm, 60 mm and 90 mm). It is to say that the height-to-width ratios are equal to 0.5, 1.0, 1.33 and 2.0, respectively. The quasi-static uniaxial compressive tests are finished by a servo-controlled INSTRON machine (the strain rate at about 10-5/s), and the dynamic compressive tests are finished by a diameter of 50 mm cylindrical SHPB apparatus (the strain rate reaching about 101/s). The rock failure process of marble specimens is captured by a high speed camera in order to distinguish the fracture propagation behaviour. It is found that the compressive strengths increase when the H/W ratio of marble specimen changes from 2.0 to 1.0 due to the end clamping effect both for quasi-static and dynamic loads. However, when the H/W ratio changes from 1.0 to 0.5, the apparent compressive strengths decrease both for the two loading conditions. The strength decrease of short marble specimens may be attributed to the change of failure mode from shear to slabbing, which can be identified by the fracture patterns of the specimens. Based on the uniaxial compressive tests, the slabbing strength of the marble was found to be about 40% of its UCS for the specimens with a nominal height-to-width ratio of 2.0. In addition, it is found that the dynamic increase factors (DIF) are affected by the specimen’s aspect ratios. It implies that the same aspect ratios should be used to compare the dynamic and static compressive strength of rocks. Meanwhile, both the static and dynamic tensile strengths of the marble are obtained by the Brazilian disc tests. The ratio of the dynamic tensile strength to the static tensile strength of the marble is about 2.68.

Jan 1, 2015

By Y. Nara, N. Aramaki, M. Maruyama

Evaluation of three dimensionally non-uniform strain distribution in rocks under various conditions such as in water or under freeze-thaw cycles is of significant importance to understand their complex deformations and fracturing mechanisms. For this purpose, we developed an image analysis method which can evaluate or “measure” the three dimensional (3-D) strain distribution in rocks. The proposed method utilizes the 3-D images of rock under initial and deformed configurations, which are obtained by some imaging techniques such as X-ray computed tomography (X-rayCT). In the proposed method, the obtained 3-D images are divided into multiple sub-regions of interest. For each sub-region, the strain is evaluated utilizing 3-D affine transform with unknown coefficients to be determined. In the first step, 3-D voxel level displacements at multiple representative points in each sub-region are computed by 3- D digital volume correlation technique between the comparison images and the initial-guess of the transform coefficients are obtained. In the second step, referring to the initial-guess of unknown transform coefficient, they were optimized in sub-voxel level by finding optimum digital volume correlation between the comparison images, which can evaluate the transform coefficients with higher precision. From the calculated transform coefficients, the strain was directly obtained through the spatial derivative of displacement based on affine transform. In this paper, along with the description of the proposed method, the evaluation of deformation in a lignite specimen due to immersion in water was presented as an application example. As the 3-D imaging technique, micro-focus X-rayCT was applied. The result showed that the induced dilatational strain field due to the initiation and extension of cracks in the specimen was clearly captured. Therefore, authors believe that the proposed method can be applicable to various problems in rock mechanics.

Jan 1, 2015

By C. S. Parsons

Ore-Testing laboratories are maintained by the Mines Branch, Department of Mines, at Ottawa for the purpose of conducting experimental test and research on ore treatment. Sample shipments of a few hundred pounds to car-load lots of Canadian ores are received on application for experimental tests, and all possible methods of treatment are investigated. Reports are issued to the shipper, containing the results, with recommendations as to the most economical method of treatment. These reports have been of valuable assistance to mining companies in the preparation of plans for the design and equipment of their treatment plants. Investigations have been conducted on ores and metallurgical products from all parts of the Dominion. The ores from practically every producing mine and important mineral occurrence have been investigated in these laboratories.

Jan 1, 1931