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By M Creech

During the 1990s, wider and more productive longwall panels were being introduced into the Newcastle Coalfield. The strata of the Newcastle Coalfield incorporate numerous massive sandstones and conglomerates, some of which formed the immediate roof of the coal seams being mined. The unexpected implications of introducing wider panels into this geological environment included more variable and increased subsidence, severe periodic weighting (with associated mid-face falls) as well as windblast.Subsidence prediction at the time was based on empirically derived data essentially relating subsidence to the width/depth ratio of the panel without accounting for actual widths, nor the impacts of variable geology. This approach required modification as locally derived data was gathered and reinterpreted.The interaction of massive strata located close to the roof of the mined seam resulted in dramatic implications for some of the operations. When associated with longwall goaf geomechanics severe periodic weighting events and crippling mid-face roof falls were the consequence. When associated with narrower panels and shortwall goaf geomechanics, mines in the region experienced aggressive windblast events. The relationships between the overlying massive strata, longwall panel geometry and the various risks encountered during this period is in the author’s opinion, the most concise still documented.As the extensive coalfields of Queensland turn to underground mining operations the relevance of these experiences cannot be underestimated. This paper will discuss recent developments as well as incorporating diverse subjects such as microseismic monitoring, low frequency radio emissions and ‘electrophonics’ as they relate also to the topic.Like Moriarty, massive strata can be disguised and can offend when you least expect. This paper documents a trail of crimes committed by conglomerate in the Newcastle Coalfield that were inflicted on the general public, miners and mining equipment. Although this paper concentrates on the criminal behaviour of conglomerate, this story is also relevant to other massive units such as coarse sandstones that may be more difficult to identify and apprehend. Currently Moriarty remains at large and able to reoffend at any time, once again taking advantage of the unwary.CITATION:Creech, M, 2014. Moriarty was a conglomerate – experiences and implications of coal mining under massive strata in the Newcastle Coalfield, in Proceedings Ninth International Mining Geology Conference 2014 , pp 47–54 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Aug 18, 2014

By N McKay, J Vann, W Ware, P Hodkiewicz, C Morley

"Geometallurgy is now recognised within the mining industry as an approach that can both maximise value and reduce the risks associated with resource development. The process of spatial ore variability testing for metallurgical response and the use of quick, inexpensive metallurgical proxies has been well developed in the past decade in industry and the literature, and via various collaborative research programs and laboratories. Technology continues to advance with new techniques such as hand-held analytical tools and automated hyperspectral core scanning, allowing for even faster, less expensive in situ geometallurgical testing.In the current mining industry downturn, a critical frontier of geometallurgy is in its application in short-term geological modelling (ore control) and mine planning, and the associated decision-making. This is the end game at which the hard-won knowledge of orebody variability can be exploited to add near-term value. In order for spatial block models to be fit-for-purpose for such tactical uses, they must be populated with key geometallurgical information and then have workflows that use this richer model as a basis of material allocation to destinations so that the true value of the resource is realised.We envision geometallurgy (geomet) programs designed to add and sustain value at two levels:‘Strategic geomet’ has a long-term strategic focus that actively uses all relevant data that helps predict processing performance such as bench-scale metallurgical tests, mineralogy, geochemistry, ore texture etc (‘the geometallurgical database’) to model spatial ore variability and metallurgical response throughout the life-of-mine (LOM). This will enable better resource definition, more optimal mine planning and scheduling, improved process design and sustaining capital strategy over the LOM. The value-realisation is gained by basing all these strategic decisions on spatial models that better reflect the actual value of blocks (or aggregates of blocks) in the model.‘Tactical geomet’ has a short- to medium-term tactical focus that, again, actively uses the geometallurgical database, but also includes new data derived during ore control activities (such as drilling and sampling) to inform allocation-to-destination decisions via the ore control process. This will enable improved efficiency (ie less error) in allocation of mining blocks as direct feed, stockpile or waste. Importantly, this efficiency will be measured in terms of value and not grade, which is an incomplete – and typically biased – proxy for value. The key benefit is that ore control will then be planned and executed on the basis of realised value.We therefore propose a twofold systematic and holistic, value-based geometallurgical process. This process needs to be planned and implemented in an integrated manner, noting that strategic and tactical geometallurgy can be worked on by the same professionals, sharing data, methodologies and potentially models. What differs between the two levels is the required granularity, the business context and (critically) the decision-making time horizons.CITATION:McKay, N, Vann, J, Ware, W, Morley, C, Hodkiewicz, P, 2016. Strategic and Tactical Geometallurgy – a Systematic Process to Add and Sustain Resource Value, in Proceedings The Third AusIMM International Geometallurgy Conference (GeoMet) 2016, pp 29–36 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne)."

Jun 15, 2016

By A Black, A de Jo, J Cavanagh, J Harding

Acidic and metal-rich waters have been discharging from Sullivan Mine, West Coast, New Zealand since the closure of the mine during the early- 1990s. This has resulted in a decrease in pH from a background of 4.5 to 2.8 and an increase in metallic elements in nearby Rapid Stream. In addition to the chemical effects on Rapid Stream, a study of freshwater macro-invertebrates revealed the absence of most biota downstream from the discharge. An attempt is being made to use the Sullivan Mine as a case study of problem and remediation analysis.

Jan 1, 2003

By A Purton, C Taylor, E Conroy

The spatial modelling of geometallurgical domains is an important step in the characterisation of an ore deposit allowing for the quantification of various rock types, their differing rock properties and the overall value of a project. The traditional approach to modelling such features is through the use of deterministic models, where a single estimate of the extents and structure of the ore deposit is mapped out by geologists based on available data and their interpretation of the geological processes. Any uncertainty in the layout of different domains is not accounted for and heterogeneities of chemical and physical properties of the orebody are likely underestimated. Spatial machine learning techniques can be used to derive geometallurgical categories, or classes, from multiscale, multiresolution and high dimensional measured rock properties. Subsequently, geostatistical simulations of these classes can be applied to obtain multiple equiprobable realisations that define the layout of the geometallurgical classes at unknown locations between boreholes, or domains. In-turn these realisations can be used quantify the uncertainties in the location of boundaries between different domains. The development of a workflow for defining geometallurgical domains and later geostatistically simulating them across the Orebody H; a complex stratabound Bedded Iron Ore deposit located in Western Australia’s Pilbara region is demonstrated. This could be used to identify zones of high uncertainty where collection of additional data might help mitigate or minimise risks and in turn improve forecast production performances.

Mar 22, 2022

By W R. Adamson

Cerro Vanguardia SA (CVSA), property of AngloGold Ashanti, mines gold and silver from a system of vetiforme orebodies located in the south of the Argentine Patagonia, in the Province of Santa Cruz.Surface mining techniques are applied to develop a series of narrow pits with an average waste to ore ratio of 26:1. This quite unique constraint brings into focus the need to maximise inter-ramp and final wall angles, leading to a strong need to optimise wall control drilling and blasting in order to reduce back-break damage to an absolute minimum.The paper describes a program of applied investigation and design modification implemented during?2008?and?2009 in?two?separate pits of Cerro Vanguardia. Three distinct yet complementary damage mechanisms were identified and observed during the field components of the work; vibration induced strain fracturing, surface cratering around blasthole collars and quasi-static loading and unloading of the surrounding rock mass as a consequence of poorly controlled confinement.With these mechanisms identified, a measurement, modelling and modification campaign was conducted in order to reduce the incidence of each source of damage. Interactive design analysis and modelling, near-field vibration measurement, video capture and the application of electronic initiation technology were supported by seed wave modelling and topographic evaluation of the achieved results.Results point to the usefulness of simulation techniques for determining optimum delay timing to reduce vibration impact, while the visualisation of explosive energy distribution produced by drilling and explosive loading decisions assists in reducing the probability of over-confinement.This paper presents relevant aspects of the two fieldwork campaigns:1) describing the application of the techniques, and2) summarising the results obtained.

Nov 8, 2011

A number of gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour, nitrous oxide, ozone and chlorofluorocarbons are transparent to incoming short-wave radiation, but are relatively opaque to outgoing longwave radiation. Variations in the concentration of these gases in the troposphere can alter the thermal balance of the earth's atmosphere. Outgoing terrestrial radiation which would otherwise escape to space, is trapped within the inner layer of the atmosphere, resulting in a greenhouse effect. It is estimated that at present greenhouse gases other than carbon dioxide, contribute about 50% to the greenhouse effect. However, in the future, the contribution made to the greenhouse effect by gases other than C02 will become increasingly more significant. Greenhouse gases arise from a wide range of sources and their escalating increease is largely related to an increase in the world's population, an increase in the standard of living of many areas and changes in lifestyle. The effect of increasing man-made greenhouse gases in the troposphere is unknown but it is proposed that it may increase temperature and may modify climate, agricultural response and land use. The sources of greenhouse gases are identified and found to comprise a wide range of activities. The contribution that coals use makes to the greenhouse effect is examined in detail. It is concluded that coals total contribution is small being about 10% of man made greenhouse gases. Envisaged expansion of coal's use will only cause a small increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Whilst developing technology for coal's use for power generation has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from new plants by approximately 25%.

Jan 1, 1989

By M Suzuki

Although several models for the surface tension of molten oxide slag have been proposed, suitably accurate predictions of this property are not yet possible. The surface tension, or surface excess free energy, of molten oxides is largely determined by the ionic coordination induced by surface relaxation. However, the associated mechanism of surface structural relaxation for molten oxide mixtures such as slag is complex and not yet fully understood. To allow a better evaluation of surface relaxation characteristics, the present work analysed the ionic coordination associated with the surface-relaxed states of several oxide mixtures. This work especially focused on calcium aluminate slags because these materials exhibit complex relationships between composition and surface tension. The effects of incorporating low concentrations of SiO2 as a surface active component on the surface ionic coordination were also examined. X-ray absorption techniques were used to assess oxygen and cationic elements in glassy samples after surface relaxation treatments, and molecular dynamics simulations based on a polarisable ion model of molten slag with vacuum/melt interfaces were also performed. The X-ray absorption techniques provided data related to electron yields (which are primarily associated with surface features) and fluorescence yields (which evaluate the bulk material). Thus, the ionic coordination characteristics of both regions were investigated. The results of molecular dynamics calculations allowed statistical analysis of the distributions of Al- or Sicentred polymorphs as well as the bond angles between cations and oxygen anions in the vacuumexposed and bulk regions in the equilibrated melt. The results indicated that bridging oxygen ions were preferentially distributed in the relaxed surface region rather than non-bridging oxygens. These bridging oxygen ions represented vertex connections between AlO4 or SiO4 tetrahedra. In the case of the calcium aluminate slags, the addition of one Ca2+ ion as charge compensation for two Al3+ ions was found to be necessary to form two AlO4 tetrahedra. This specific feature of surface ionic coordination could be responsible for the complex trends observed in surface tension data. The incorporation of low concentrations of SiO2 reduced the proportion of tetrahedrally-coordinated Al ions such that higher coordination states become dominant in the bulk of the material, whereas AlO4 tetrahedra were preferentially distributed in the surface region. SiO4 tetrahedra were the preferred Si-centred polymorph and were likely connected to one another to form bridging oxygen ions at the surface. On the basis of these results, a model to predict slag surface tension was proposed, and the energy of the formation of the ionic clusters resulting from surface relaxation was taken into account.

Aug 21, 2024

The new law on Environmental Protection and Management (Republic of Indonesia Law 32 of 2009) was passed by the Indonesian parliament in September 2009. This law aims to protect Indonesia's rapidly degrading environment by providing tougher provisions for both polluters and law enforcers. In doing so, the law introduces a number of new constraints and potential business risks that will affect all companies in Indonesia, particularly mining companies. Some of the newly introduced concepts follow.   Mining companies will now require an environmental license, issued by the Minister of Environment or local counterparts. This license is a prerequisite for all other business and operational permits. The Minister can revoke the environmental license at any time in case of an environmental incident or dispute. Mining companies may be exposed to additional environmental taxes and bonds besides already existing reclamation and mine closure bonds.   There is an increased risk of environmental lawsuits, due to more stringent controls on one side and greater protection for NGOs on the other side who make claims, false or true, against the company. Company executives and managers can be sued and they will be held accountable if environmental degradation has indeed occurred due to the company's activities.   Companies may face increased liabilities due to a change in the definition of contamination. The new definition is more stringent (and on occasion may prove too stringent to be practical); it also provides little room for flexibility in its application.   As implementing regulations are prepared over the coming two to three years, mining companies will need to adjust to the new law. A proactive approach is needed to minimise risk. Recommended actions include: upgrading existing environmental impact assessments to a higher standard; conducting baseline studies and thoroughly documenting environmental conditions on a regular basis; closely tracking regulatory changes, especially the forthcoming implementing regulations on the new environmental law; and regularly engaging key government and community stakeholders on environmental issues.

Jun 1, 2010

By G Collecutt, D Proud, D Humphreys

"The hazards associated with dust explosions are well known, and coal dust explosions present a significant hazard in the underground coal mining industry worldwide. In earlier work, we presented computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and test results for coal dust explosions within a 2.5 m diameter circular gallery, along with CFD simulations and test results for the suppression of these explosions with finely atomised water sprays. In this paper, we present refinements to the CFD modelling that yield a significantly improved calibration with the test results, and proceed to investigate by CFD the requirements for suppression of a coal dust explosion in a typical underground roadway. This work was carried out under an ACARP project and we gratefully acknowledge their assistance. CITATION: Proud, D, Collecutt, G and Humphreys, D, 2015. Computational fluid dynamics modelling of coal dust explosions and suppression systems, in Proceedings The Australian Mine Ventilation Conference, pp 309–314 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne)."

Aug 31, 2015

The tangible effects of leakage are presented graphically, and a technique for quantifying the leakage characteristics of a ventilation column using the æSolveÆ capabilities of a common spreadsheet is demonstrated. A case study of a working decline in Western Australia is used to demonstrate the potential for more realistic design of development ventilating systems, and for more cost effective management of the condition of the duct.

Jan 1, 2002

By R Castedo, P Segarra, I del Castillo, L M. López, J A. Sanchidrián

This work investigates some suggested methods for blast vibration monitoring on a hard surface based on 53 tests on a vibration exciter. Errors in the measurement attributable to coupling have been described as function of frequency by the rock-to-mount (or coupling) transmissibility, ie ratio of the velocity of the vibration sensor mount to the velocity of the rock motion. Transmissibility has been measured from 2 to 200 Hz, at two vibration levels (5 and 20 mm/s), in four seismographs. Attachment methods with an anchor, thermal adhesive and gypsum plaster allow stiff rock-to-mount coupling. They ensure accurate measurements (errors below 0.3 dB) for frequencies commonly found in blasting (below 100 Hz) irrespective of the mount characteristics and the vibration level. Free laid mounts and sandbagged vibration sensors lead generally to a poor, weak coupling. Errors are non-linear errors with the input velocity, ie the operating frequency window narrows as the velocity of the ground increases. Free mounts follow ground motion acceptably well (error up to 0.4 dB) at both vibration levels and frequencies below 15 Hz. At higher frequencies, free mounts lead to the largest distortions with expected errors ranging from 0.8 to 6.6 dB. Sandbagging limits the expected errors below 1.3 dB, but it does not prevent large errors that can be up to 4.5 dB. Both frequency and velocity should be considered together to assess the measurement errors instead of the expected accelerations, as it is currently made.CITATION:Segarra, P, Sanchidrián, J A, Castedo, R, López, L M and del Castillo, I, 2015. Effect of vibration sensor mounting method on the quality of vibration measurements, in Proceedings 11th International Symposium on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting, pp 545–552 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Aug 24, 2015

By R W. Shaw

The MTM Process targets treating lower grade and/or problem concentrates that are not attractive to smelters. The process has been developed at laboratory scale for copper and is based on a related development for zinc that has been extensively developed both in the laboratory and through pilot testing. The basis of the process is novel ammonia-ammonium chloride leach chemistry adapted to give high copper extraction whilst being selective over iron, arsenic and many other elements. The preferred flow sheet depends on location, especially infrastructure and utilities. These impact upon the leach and crystallisation stages more than copper reduction.

Aug 24, 2022

By A R. Cruden, M S. Egglseder

The formation of banded iron formation (BIF)-hosted high-grade iron ore deposits in the Hamersley Province, Australia has been debated for decades. Although a structural control on their formation is widely accepted, only the roles of large-scale structures (ie faults and folds) formed by brittle and ductile deformation have been considered to date. However, the deformation of multilayered sequences in the Hamersley Province (ie the Mount Bruce Supergroup), with their contrasting rheological behaviours, creates challenges for understanding the complex structural framework at regional to deposit scales, including the significance for mineralisation and orebody location.Our approach to understanding these complex relationships is based on an established principle of structural geology, which is to extrapolate microscale structures to deposit-scale structures and vice versa, supported by state-of-the-art 3D modelling techniques. Complexly deformed hand samples associated with the Mount Tom Price iron ore deposit (Hamersley Province, operated by Rio Tinto Ltd) have been analysed and visualised with 3D explicit (Move™, Midland Valley Ltd) and implicit modelling software packages (Leapfrog™, AranzGeo Ltd) and supported by microstructural investigations (optical and X-ray microscopy) and fieldwork.Our study shows that the deformation of BIFs in the central Hamersley Province is controlled by microscale chemical processes (ie dissolution precipitation creep) due to rheological differences between iron oxide and chert layers, contrasting fluid flow properties and layer thickness variations. These processes account for the removal of vast amounts of silica, its transportation by diffusion in the presence of a fluid and reprecipitation at low-pressure sites. Consequently, this structural framework was used by different upgrading fluids to form iron orebodies.CITATION:Egglseder, M S and Cruden, A R, 2015. Evolution of a structural framework for high-grade iron ore deposits, in Proceedings Iron Ore 2015, pp 255–262 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Jul 13, 2015

By R Grobler, D Burger, L Alberts

The current climate in the mining industry is allowing mining companies to further broaden their views and investigate technologies to improve the safety, efficiency and cost-effectiveness of their operations. Furthermore, underground mine environments will become more demanding for mining equipment and personnel as orebodies become deeper in weaker ground conditions with more extreme environmental conditions. Loading and hauling can represent significant components of the production cycle of an underground mine and automation of these activities can offer considerable benefits. Sandvik has accumulated a long history and experience in loading and hauling automation in underground mining. Since the late 1980s Sandvik has actively participated in several major research and development automation programs leading to the commencement of the development of an integrated system for semiautomated loading in 1999. Development work was later conducted to expand the capabilities of the system for automated hauling during 2001 and the AutoMine« system became commercially available. The first delivery of the AutoMine« system was completed in August 2004 in South America, where the system continues to operate in a full-scale production environment and is being expanded as the production area enlarges. Further systems have been delivered and are operational in North America, Africa and Europe. This paper focuses on the AutoMine« system deployed in Block 4 at De Beers Finsch Mine in South Africa. An overview of the mine and the process used to acquire the system and the key drivers which led to the selection of an automated solution are described. An overview of the initial system installation, subsequent expansions and future plans are presented. This is followed by a summary of the implementation and operational experiences associated with automated underground operations. The paper concludes by summarising the benefits that have been realised.

Jan 1, 2008

By T Peters

The Kibali Gold Mine is currently comprised of several open pits, a 3.5 Mtpa underground mine and a 7.5 Mtpa processing plant. Development of the underground operation commenced in December 2012, with initial access established through twin surface declines, followed by the commencement of a blind sink 8 m diameter rock hoist shaft in March 2013. Stope production started in December 2014 with ore and waste trucked to surface. The 755 m deep blind shaft sink was completed in August 2015 together with the cutting and equipping of three main station levels. Two of these levels provide access for the establishment of the underground materials handling system as well as the main dewatering system for the mine. This paper covers the process of determining the optimal location of the Kibali hoisting shaft relative to project-specific critical factors, and then focuses on the design and implementation journey associated with the off-shaft development that essentially encompasses the Material Handling System (MHS) for the mine. The journey starts from the findings of the previous owners Feasibility Study (FS), a subsequent Optimised FS, followed by detailed engineering through to implementation. It was identified during implementation that a significant change in the designed off-shaft layout was required following detailed underground geotechnical and hydrogeological investigations. In addition, the paper provides details on the MHS performance since commissioning to steady state, and on key learnings relating to the overall project process.

Mar 29, 2023

By S Casas Castellanos

"Tyres consumption is one of the costliest branches of the operation in a truck-based haulage mine. Off-the-road (OTR) tyres working within undesirable conditions have a considerable negative impact on the whole mine’s productivity. Only the rolling resistance due to underinflated tyres could increase truck fuel consumption by 15 per cent. The impact of other conditions such as road surface quality and temperature are difficult to estimate. Tyre management is a demanding activity that requires a high level of coordination between maintenance and production departments.The project is aimed to develop a smart decision tool to assist mine managers to optimise tyre resources. By identifying factors that have significant impact on tyres, managers are able to take timely action to mitigate undesirable working conditions.The proposed model utilises real-time tyre measurement of pressure, temperature, speed, load, deformation and surface profile to report tyre performance in terms of tonne-kilometre-per-hour (TKPH) and tyre longevity. Both indicators are permanently monitored in order to trigger a warning system designed to keep tyres under optimal working conditions.An interactive database ‘Octo-Mine’ wirelessly receives records from a programmable logic controller (PLC) deployed on the truck. PLC records are the integration of multiple sensor signals with a time stamp. Octo-Mine utilises real-time and historical tyre records to generate online performance and longevity reports, as well as preventative and corrective tyre maintenance scheduling, by comparing current tyre status with established standards.To validate the model, the prototype database was populated with hypothetical data to simulate ideal working conditions subject to comparison with real field observations. Additionally, a laser-based technology prototype device successfully measured a new 9 mm tyre tread and a 60 000 km rolled tyre tread in the laboratory.In conclusion, optimal tyre management contributes not only to reduction of tyre waste but also to truck energy efficiency. This project is a first step in proving these benefits under real field conditions. It suggests that further development of sensor equipment and its integration with a communication system is a worthwhile focus for future research.Citation:Casas Castellanos, S, 2016. Optimum Management of Truck Tyres in a Mine, in Proceedings Ninth AusIMM Open Pit Operators' Conference 2016, pp 212–228 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne)."

Nov 15, 2016

By A D. Campbell, G R. Power

The increasing availability of marker data in sublevel caving operations is changing the way draw can be managed to achieve positive recovery outcomes in these mines. This paper describes how marker data has been incorporated into flow simulations to help calibrate full mine ore recovery simulations for the forecasting and optimisation of recovery.Some flow modelling techniques do not use marker data, relying instead on the outcomes of physical and numerical experiments to guide assumptions about an idealised recovery flow shape. Other mines have access to marker trial data, but find it difficult to specifically link this marker trial information to their recovery models. This can make it difficult to create a link between the marker trial information and recovery forecasting and limits the potential value of the marker trials at the mine.In the simulations shown here, the marker rings are fully incorporated into the flow model, and can be tracked in the model. The model is compared against the real underground marker recovery information to give the user an indication of how accurately the flow settings in the model are reflecting the conditions in the experimental marker rings. An example of use of this system at an operational mine is included.CITATION:Power, G R and Campbell, A D, 2016. Modelling of real-time marker data to improve operational recovery in sublevel caving mines, in Proceedings Seventh International Conference and Exhibition on Mass Mining (MassMin 2016), pp 105–110 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

May 9, 2016

By K Gardner, R Fraval, V Singh

Using new technology to create optimised infill drill programs in underground or open pit settings, it is possible to quantify the value of a drill program. The computer designed programs are optimised to uplift the most amount of resource possible into the specified resource classification, while honouring geological, spatial, equipment and budgetary constraints. When designing ‘by hand’ balancing all these factors is a time-consuming effort with no real way to determine metrics on ‘how good’ a program will be. The optimisation considers many factors allowing geologists to apply critical thinking and domain knowledge to constrain the optimisation, letting the computer do the heavy lifting of determining hole placement. Once programs have been created, they can be integrated into a production schedule. This is a critical step in determining the correct sequencing and balancing of resource availability and seeing how a program will interoperate with other tasks in the mine. For example, if drill drives are a requirement for part of the program, will they be developed in a time frame that is useful for the goals of the program? Do we risk drilling infill holes too late to add value? Do we put production at risk by not classifying parts of the model ahead of time, thus adding to uncertainty? Using software to assist with optimising and scheduling of drilling is a useful technique to save the geologists from the mundanity of manually designing drill programs and puts metrics around the effectiveness of a program and has the potential to add quantifiable value to a program. Examples will be presented that demonstrate the effective use of drill hole optimisation, comparing manual designs with optimised designs, as well as the examples that show the effective use of scheduling.

Mar 22, 2022

By P Chapman, B Moosapoor

The objective of this paper is to present the potential applications of geostatistical analyses in planning CPTu investigations, as well as interpolation of CPTu data. The paper presents a case study of a geostatistical analysis of CPTu data undertaken between 2004 and 2017 for an upstreamraised TSF located in the Goldfields region of Western Australia. An initial model is developed using the 2004, 2009 and 2017 CPTu data. The model is used to predict in situ cone tip resistance (qc) measurements, as the interested primary variable, at the selected locations where 2019 CPTu were undertaken, and the results of the prediction and the actual data are compared.

Jul 1, 2021

ADDRESS BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE INSTITUTE (MR. J. G. SYMONS) IN PRESENTING THE CERTIFICATE TO ROBERT COLVILLE BRADSHAW, O.B.E.Today it is my privilege and pleasure to introduce to you, Robert Colville Bradshaw. O.B.E., the third New Zealander to be honoured with Honorary Membership of The Institute. Sir William Hudson and Mr. C. H. Benney were the others.Mr. Bradshaw has been an Affiliate Member of The Institute since the formation of the New Zealand Branch in 1966. Like his friend Matt Benney. Bob Bradshaw is an accountant by training. Last June he retired as senior partner of the firm of chartered accountants, now known as Wilkinson Wilberfoss, with which he served from January 1929.Mr. Bradshaw grew up in New Zealand attending the Terrace School in Wellington, the New Plymouth Boys' High School where he was a boarder, and completing a Bachelor of Commerce at the university now known as the Victoria University of Wellington. He is an elected Fellow of the New Zealand Society of Accountants and an Associate of the United Kingdom Institute of Cost and Works Accountants.

Jan 1, 1977