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The Commissioner of Education has issued a call for a public conference on business training for engineers and engineering training for students of business. This conference, national in scope and character fully representative of all interests, will be held in Washington, D. C. on June 23 and 24. Educational institutions, commercial organizations, and educational and engineering societies will be given an opportunity to state their views. Engineers, educators and business men will be invited to discuss the following major topics: Business Training for the Engineer; Engineering Training for Commercial Enterprises; Significance of the. War Experience for Engineering Education; Training of the Engineer for Foreign Projects. This conference has been called on behalf of the Conference Committee on Commercial Engineering. This Committee is composed of administrative professors in engineering and commerce from several of the large educational institutions and representatives from the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education, The American Society of Civil Engineers, American Institute of Electrical Engineers, American Society .of Mechanical Engineers, and a committee f fifteen on Educational Preparation for Foreign Service.

Jan 6, 1919

Bailey, Lewis Newton, Master Engineer, Senior Grade, 4th Regiment, U. S. Engineers, Headquarters Company, died of pneumonia at Camp Merritt, N. J., on April 30, 1918. Baird, Louis, Lieut., Royal Field Artillery, British Army, died on the battlefield in 1915. Ballamy, John H., Capt., 103c1 Engineers, killed in action near Fismes, Aug. 9, 1918. Bowles, Martin F., 2d Lieut., Co. B, 355th Infantry, killed in action, Sept. 3, 1918. Burt, Andrew, died in active service, 1916. Cobeldick, William Morley, Royal Engineers, died from gas poisoning on Oct. 7, 1915. Dougall, Ralph,. 4th University Co., Princess Patricia Regiment, killed in action early in the war. Evans, Alfred Winter, Lieut.-Col., New Zealand Rifle Brigade, D. S. 0., D. C. M., killed in action on Oct. 12, 1917. Gordy, Sheppard B., died in service, Oct. 9, 1918. Gorman, Thomas C., Lieut., Canadian Engineers, killed in France, Mar. 18, 1918. Hague, William, 1st Lieut., Engineer Officers' Reserve Corps, died in active service, Jan. 1, 1918.

Jan 1, 1919

Chairman, MRS. JESSE SCOBEY The Foreign War Relief Committee closed its dispensary fund during the past month with a contribution to the American Fund for French Wounded of $1720.51, balance on hand, principal and interest, as a gift from the New York Section of the Woman's Auxiliary for pressing emergency dispensary work in France. The American Fund for French Wounded was authorized to cable this sun at once, in consideration of the fact that their existing dispensaries, including the one established by the New York Section at Briey, were in excellent condition, while their mobile dispensary fund was confronted by the most urgent need for work among the refugees now returning in pitiable condition and in great numbers to certain distressing centers. The committee sewing at Fund headquarters every week has had seven working days, with an enrollment of twenty: The average attendance was ten; largest attendance for any one day, thirteen; smallest attendance, eight. Interest in this activity is growing steadily and it is the intention of the committee to push the work vigorously for the next few weeks.

Jan 3, 1919

Stanley C. Bullock, Captain, Royal Engineers, has been awarded the Military Cross. Charles L. Cantley was commissioned Lieutenant in the Fifth Royal Highlanders of Canada and went to France with the first Canadian contingent early in 1915, being Quartermaster of the Battalion. He went through the second battle of Ypres, Festubert, St. Eloi and the other engagements in which the Canadians were engaged up .to July, 1915, at which time he was promoted to the rank of Major. He was later ordered home by General Sir Sam Hughes, then Canadian Minister of War, and his services were loaned to the Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Co., suppliers of shell steel and forgers of shells in Canada. He continued with this company as chief officer in charge of munitions until the latter part of 1917, when he sailed for England with his old regiment. John D. Cooner was wounded on Apr. 9, 1918, by shrapnel, and is now in a hospital in Paris. He is getting along nicely. T. C. Gorman was killed in action in France on Mar. 18, 1918.

Jan 7, 1918

Canadian owned Lake are carriers will be used again this year in an attempt to make up the deficit caused by the two months steel-strike. Buffalo mills need between 5 million and 6 million tons of ore before the Lakes navigation season ends. Mutual Security Program aid will help reactivate Austria's largest iron ore mine. The Erzberg development is one of the moat important in Europe. MSA announced approval of $500,000 in supplemental financing of equipment. Following the war, the Russians stripped the Erzberg and Radmar deposits of equipment. The he Carborundum Corp. is going to build a $2.44 million plant at Akron, NO.. TOP near Niagara Falls for production of rare metals used by the Atomic Energy Commission. A subsidiary, the Carborundum Metals Co., Inc.,, will produce zirconium, hafnium sponge metals. The pyrochlore rich Sukulu Hills in Eastern Uganda will be mined under a pool arrangement including Tinto Mines, Monsanto Chemicals and Frobisher Mines. The combine will be known as the Uganda Development Corp., Pyrochlore is used in the manufacture of heat-resisting. alloys for Jet engines.

Jan 1, 1952

Detailed Geology of Certain Areas in the Mineral Hill and Warm Springs Mining District. By A. L. Anderson. T. H. Kilsgaard and V. C. Fryklund. Jr. Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology. University of Idaho. 73 P. Maps, Illus.-Divided into three parts, this pamphlet covers the geology and ore deposits of the Hailey-Bellevue Mineral Belt, the Triumph-Parker mine mineral belt, and the ore deposits of the Mayflower Area. Numerous maps and illustrations are included for each area. Government Administration of the Copper Industry, World War 11. By John W. Douglas. 1950.51 P. $1.-This pamphlet covers in detail all the steps relating to control and operation of copper and copper products, and is of particular interest to primary producers, brass mills, wire mills, and foundries. Of particular current interest is the booklet's coverage of the steps leading to the Controlled Material Plan, into which industry is now once again heading. Copies can be obtained for $1 from John W. Douglas, Republic Foil & Metal Mills Inc., 55 Triangle St., Danbury, Conn.

Jan 12, 1951

Technical graduate wanted for metallurgical. work in experimental laboratory of large New England manufacturing concern. A knowledge of metallography of steel is essential. Practical experience is desirable but not required. No. 305. Man familiar with precipitating with the diamond drill core to act as foreman. No. 311. Competent mining man to develop and take charge of mines in Peru. Property to be developed from start and equipped with thoroughly modern appliances to meet the increased production. Applicant must possess considerable mechanical ability and experience. No. 312. Engineers and assistant engineers in forest production for National Defense work for the duration of war. Laboratory work conducted primarily by experimental and research methods, embracing principally investigations of mechanical and physical properties of wood, processes for the preservation of wood against decay and other destructive agents, practical problems of pulp and paper industry, and other industries utilizing wood by chemical means or otherwise. Assistance in this department of Government is urgently required in order to obtain maximum benefits from the investigation. Salary $1860 to $3000 for engineers; $1200 to $1800 for assistant engineers. No. 313.

Jan 6, 1918

By Alexander Sutulov

The Western industrial nations are facing today what can be defined as a gradual takeover of their investments in the developing world and more importantly, they are beginning to feel approaching problems with their adequate raw materials supply. This puts them into a strategically hazardous situation, which years ago would probably have been solved by conventional wars. However, the present political and military situation, and particularly the development of nuclear arms, makes such confrontations almost impossible or at least extremely dangerous. Thus other peaceful and more pragmatic solutions should be sought. This is particularly important because the present supply-demand situation in raw materials has a very strong political and ideological background. In the ultimate analysis there are two economic systems, that of free enterprise and the other of the collective or socialistic ownership. Both are competing for world domination, and it seems that both are eager to prove their advantages to the yet uncommitted Third World, which commands the great majority of the human race and a large part of its natural resources.

Jan 7, 1974

By Paul T. Allsman

Passage of the Mining Act of 1866, superseded by the Act of 1872, was the first major entry of the Federal Government into the problems of mining. Such a law was necessary simply to help re- solve a number of disputes in mining. Now, however, a hundred years later, the extent of government involvement in the mineral industry often comes as a shock to the mining engineer who has reached management level. In fact, he has been poorly prepared for an understanding of the role of government in the industry and he becomes frustrated, even hostile. In our political system, private industry is responsible for producing minerals and the Government sees to it that production will be adequate for a peace-time economy and for any emergency. There have been great social and political changes since World War I1 with the result that the Government's participation in our society has steadily increased. A new dimension in business and government relations has been introduced which should be examined more closely.

Jan 5, 1966

Herbert C. Hoover, who became a member of this Institute in 1896 and who is now one of its Vice-Presidents, is the man who in 1914 extended a helping hand to Americans stranded in Europe at the outbreak of the war, and who made it possible for many such travelers to return safely to their homes. When his countrymen no longer needed his services, he turned to the Belgians, whose need of food had been presented to him. Engineers have been among his assistants from the first, and it is because we believe that members of his own profession will still be particularly interested in his work that we thus mention it in the Bulletin. A Minute adopted by the Board of Directors of the Institute, in which the Belgian Kiddies, Ltd., is recommended to the consideration of the members, immediately follows the Proceedings of the Meeting of the Board of Directors. With the thought that members of the Institute may be glad to read Mr. Hoover's own words in regard to his work, we print in full the speech

Jan 3, 1917

By Theodore H. Eyde

The porphyry-copper province of southwestern United States and northern Mexico constitutes the largest copper-producing region in the world. More than 20 deposits discovered since World War II are being exploited or in the process of exploration and development. Because of the remarkable success in discovering new deposits, exploration activity continues at a very high rate and deeper targets are explored each year. Exploration programs for deeply buried porphyry-copper deposits require a reevaluation of the conventional exploration techniques. Though surface induced-polarization techniques have about reached their practical detection limit, aeromagnetics will play an increasing role in the exploration activity as will downhole logging tools. In addition to a valid geological concept, any successful exploration program for porphyry-copper deposits in the southwest must have two other essential ingredients: money and guts. Unfortunately many exploration programs in the southwest are underfunded and doomed to failure. Future exploration will demand more joint venturing in which larger and more expensive exploration programs can be successfully funded by groups of companies or syndicates.

Jan 1, 1975

AMONG the features that make Inspiration of outstanding A interest, particularly to the engineer, is the fact that at various times it has used, as a major method of production, three more or less distinct methods of mining and three distinct methods of treating its ores. The following chronology is of interest : Major Mining Methods: 1915-194 7 Underground block-caving, exclusively 1948-1952 Underground block-caving and opencut mining 1953-1954 Underground block-caving, opencut mining, and "glory-hole caved-block transfer" mining 1955 on Opencut mining and "glory-hole caved-block transfer" mining. Major Ore Treatment Methods: 1915-1925 Flotation concentration exclusively 1926-1930 Flotation concentration and ferric sulphate leaching 1931-1955 Ferric sulphate leaching (the so-called "Dual Process" was used for eleven months in 1937 when demand for copper was phenomenal; and the "leach-float" process was used for 24 months in 1942-44 as an expedient to help meet war demands for copper). 1956 on "Dual Process" combining a sulphuric acid leach followed by fine grinding and flotation of the residue from the leaching vats.

Jan 1, 1957

By W. L. III McMorris, R. E. Zimmerman, Michael Sokaski, E. R. Palowitch, M. R. Geer, C. E. Capes, A. W. Deurbrouck, S. C. Sun

PART 1: DENSE MEDIUM SEPARATION by M. SOKASKI, M. R. GEER, and W. L. MCMORRIS III INTRODUCTION In the early days of coarse-coal treatment by the dense-medium process in Europe, loess was one of the materials used for medium solids. Newly developed cyclones were used to reclaim and thicken the loess suspension. On occasion, when the cyclone thickener at the Maurits mine in the Nether- lands plugged, the overflow was found to be filled with clean coal free of impurity. From this observation stemmed the concept of the cyclone as a cleaning device. Development took place during World War I1 in the lab- oratory of the Dutch State Mines under the direction of M. G. Driessen. A 15 tph (13.6 mt) pilot plant was in operation in the laboratory by 1945, when, in September, Driessen made the first public disclosure of the process in a paper presented to the Institute of fie1 in London. In April 1945 operation of this pilot plant was observed by H. F. Yancey, who was so

Jan 1, 1979

This volume summarizes characteristics and the geological setting of porphyry copper deposits of the Western Hemisphere. Grouped by characteristics, porphyry copper deposits are described in six regions: Andean orogen, Appalachian orogen, Alaska, northern Cordilleran orogen, southern Cordilleran orogen, and the Caribbean. Each region has its own peculiarities of geologic setting, and those deposit characteristics that may be projected from one chapter to another will be used in reaching the conclusions from which to draw genetic models for porphyry copper deposits. The term porphyry in this volume denotes a type of ore deposit, rather than a rock classification. The classification of intrusive igneous rocks used in this volume is shown in Figs. 36a and 42 (pp. 103, 130). Some modern classifications suggest mineral-ratio definitions other than those used in this volume; however, most literature references cited are based on the classification shown in Figs. 36a and 42. The reader should be aware, therefore, that quartz monzonite in this volume contains from 35% to 65% potassuim feldspar and at least 10% quartz. A term used in this volume is defined where introduced within the context of a specific chapter. Distensional tectonic conditions are used in the sense of Cady (1972) in the Appalachian orogen, for example. Porphyry copper deposits are defined as large bodies of mineralized rock, usually including a porphyritic intrusive phase, that have copper sulfide minerals disseminated through them. The definition has no commercial connotation and is used strictly in a noneconomic sense to encompass the spectrum of copper mineralization associated with these deposits. Terms commonly accepted in the literature are not defined. Porphyry molybdenum and porphyry copper deposits commonly are distinguished by most economic geologists. The basis for the separation is summarized in one chapter of this volume. To permit the reader to more easily peruse the bibliography for any particular region, references will be found at the end of each chapter. The bibliography is not intended to be complete, but is designed to provide adequate minimum coverage for descriptions of deposits in the chapter concerned. Each entry is properly referenced in the text of that chapter to facilitate the reader's research into any particular topic. This volume is written from the point of view of the exploration geologist whose task it is to evaluate the structural, petrographic, mineralogic, and metallogenic characteristics of a porphyry copper deposit. The goal of the evaluation is to determine if, and where, concentrations of metals may exist in an igneous- hydrothermal system that includes the most complex set of geologic factors found in any of the many types of ore deposits. The successful porphyry copper geologist is simultaneously a petrographer, geochemist, structural geologist, and mineralogist. Some porphyry copper deposits have developed in volcanic arcs underlain by a Benioff seismic zone with a trench paralleling the arc. The most convincing example of a deposit known to have developed in an environment where subduction is an active process is the 3.3 m.y. (million years) old Dry Creek occurrence in the Aleutian arc (this volume). On the other hand, the younger deposits in the Cascades appear to have formed in a volcanic arc lacking both the Benioff zone and the offshore trench. Subduction is not widely accepted as an active mechanism for the period when the younger Cascade deposits formed. Subduction has also been questioned for deposits formed at a great distance from a plate boundary (e.g., Bingham). Regardless of the pros and cons regarding subduction, most deposits are associated with regional faults. Strike-slip

Jan 1, 1978

By J. P. Martin, A. H. Geisler, J. H. Crede, E. Both

The investigation of a 50 pct Co alloy was undertaken to determine whether there was any direct correlation between the structure and properties of Co-Fe alloys which were given various magnetic heat treatments. The magnetic anisotropy and texture of the 0.002-in. cold-reduced 98 pct material tend to decrease and change in nature with increasing temperature of the recrystallization anneal. Annealing samples in a magnetic field had little effect on either the magnetic properties or texture. However, cooling them in a magnetic field greatly improved their magnetic properties. THE beneficial influence of a magnetic field applied during the heat treatment of certain soft magnetic materials has been known for a long time. Early work showed that the presence of a magnetic field of a few oersteds during the heat treatment of Fe-Ni alloys will cause a large increase in maximum permeability. A pronounced increase in the residual induction which is produced by the magnetic anneal causes the hysteresis loop to approach the shape of a rectangle. Such results are beneficial since the desired properties are high permeability, high induction at maximum permeability, high residual induction, and low coercive force. More recently Libsch and coworkers1 studied the effect of magnetic annealing on the hysteresis properties of a series of Co-Fe alloys prepared from powders. They observed good response for the 35 and 50 pct Co alloys but little response for the 42 pct Co alloy. They pointed out that this was somewhat surprising since the 42 pct alloy has a high linear magnetostriction and zero crystal anisotropy and similar conditions in Fe-Ni alloys give excellent response to magnetic annealing. They found optimum properties to be at the 50 pct composition with residual induction, Br = 19,000 gauss and coercive force, Hc = 0.68 oersteds after the magnetic anneal. Before the magnetic anneal these values were B, = 12,600 gauss and Hc = 1.15 oersteds. The optimum treatment consisted of cooling from above the y-a transformation temperature to 900°C in a field of 20 oersteds, holding 11/2 hr at 900°C, then cooling at a rate of 20° to 25°C per min in the field to below 230°C. Cooling rate mainly affected coercive force with the value decreasing from 1.09 to 0.88 oersteds as the rate was increased from 3° to 48°C per min. Cooling from 1020" to 900°C in a field followed by further cooling to 230°C without the field gave properties decidedly inferior to those for samples annealed with the field applied throughout the cooling. They concluded that to get the best properties the samples must be cooled in a field to a threshold temperature above which the alloy is plastic enough to be affected by magnetostriction. In this respect the holding temperature must be high enough so that the alloy exhibits good plasticity to permit the optimum orienting of magnetic domains by relaxation of magnetostriction. In contrast, the holding time was of less significance for there was little improvement when the time exceeded 1/2 hr. The improvement in properties effected by magnetic annealing has usually been attributed to the establishment of a domain texture caused by the "freezing in" of magnetic strains. On the other hand, Smoluchowski and Turner2,3 apparently found that a magnetic field applied during recrystallization could alter the crystal texture. If this effect is real, improved properties would also be expected when

Jan 1, 1954

By R. M. Rose, D. P. Ferriss, J. Wulff

Single crystals of tantalum were grown by multipass zone melting in an electron beam apparatus. Tension tests of these crystals at 4.2 x 10&apos;* per sec-gave a resolved louler yield stress of 7300 psi at with a chisel edge; total uniform deformation increased from 1 to 2 pct at 77°K to over 20 pct at 300°K. This, and slip traces, indicated that deformation is more inhomogeneous at lower temperatures. Deformation occurred exclusively by slip in <III> directions, on planes in the <111> zones. Cross slip was frequent, particularly for those orientations where the resolved shear stress on the cross system was comparable with that on the primary plane. The existence and magnitude of the upper yield point were found to be sensitive to orientation. This effect was related to the circumvention of dislocations which were "locked" by interstitial atoms, by double cross slip, or composite slip, of screw dislocations. Prestrainirg at 300°K did not remove the upper yield point in subsequent tension at 77°K. Also, this treatment was found to cause yield points, where none existed for the unprestrained material. This behavior was also rationalized in terms of the circumvention mechanism. The mechanical properties of polycrystalline tantalum have been investigated by several workers,1"4 and may be summarized by pointing out the following features: a) Sharp rise of yield stress with decreasing temperature below room temperature. b) Response to strain aging at 300" to 400"C. c) Yielding with upper and lower yield-point phenomenon at and below room temperature. d) Low strain hardening below room temperature. e) Reluctance to twin except at very high strain rate. Furthermore, tantalum is ductile at ordinary strain rates as low as 4.2"K.&apos; This feature, in particular, makes tantalum unique among the high melting point, bee transition metals of Groups V and VI in the periodic system. Therefore, a more fundamental and detailed knowledge of the low-tempera- ture deformation of tantalum is required. Since high purity and the absence of grain boundary effects make such a study most productive and unambiguous, the method of electron beam zone melting was selected for the preparation of test specimens. This technique has the further advantage that crystals may be seeded in order to obtain any desired orientation. EXPERIMENTAL The electron beam zone-melting equipment was constructed as a modification of that described by Calverley, Davis, and Lever? All crystals were made by three passes of the molten zone at 4 mm per min to achieve an optimum purity commensurate with economy of time and material. Table I reports the chemical analyses of the starting and refined metal. It will be noted that there remain some 50 to 70 wt ppm of interstitial elements, while all substi-tutional elements have been removed by evaporation. Tungsten is picked up by evaporation of the cathode filament wire. Crystal seeding was normally successful within 3 deg, and the orientation of all crystals are given in the standard stereographic triangle in Fig. 1. Tensile bars were prepared from the crystals by centerless grinding to the shape in Fig. 2. Specimens were then electropolished to remove 10 pct of the diameter in order to remove worked material and to prepare a metallographic surface for subsequent deformation trace observations. All specimens were held in the split bushing grips as indicated in the cross section view of Fig. 2. All tests were made at a strain rate of 2 112 pct per min in an Instron testing machine.

Jan 1, 1962

By Wayne Loel

THE application of aerial photographs to all phases of geologic mapping is set forth, indicating the advantages to be gained in different types of country and under varying climatic conditions, Methods of field and office procedure are given from a geological point of view, as well as suggestions regarding the best methods of aerial mapping for different uses and under varying field conditions, including the study of submarine geology. Aerial photographs with accompanying geologic maps are shown to illus-trate the appearance from the air of different geologic features under varying climatic and topographic conditions.

Jan 1, 1938

By AIME AIME

The following changes of address of members have been received at the Secretary&apos;s office during the period of March 15 to May 1, 1907. This list, together with the list of changes of address published in Bi-Monthly Bulletin, No. 14, March, 1907, supplements the annual list of members corrected to Jan. 1, 1907, and brings it up to the date of May 1, 1907. The names of members who have accepted election during March and April, 1907 (new members), are printed in italics. The large number of changes of address since Jan. 1, 1907; shows the importance of publishing these changes as frequently as possible, and the Bi-Monthly Bulletin has. been selected as the means to present this information to the members of the Institute. By the simple method of cutting out these names and addresses and pasting them directly over the corresponding names in the annual list of members, the record can be kept practically up to date, and the value of the list correspondingly increased. For this purpose the changes of address have been printed only on one side of the page. The names of new members, being in italics, are readily distinguished from the others, and can be pasted in approximate alphabetical order on the margins of the pages.

May 1, 1907

By D. Jenkins

THE Franklin Laboratory was designed mainly for the analysis of the products from the two concentrating mills situated at Franklin and Sterling Hill, the most important determinations being the zinc, iron, manganese, lime, moisture and silica contents of the ores. Within the last 4 years, however, it has been found advisable to examine most of our supplies, and therefore additional space and equipment was allotted for the examination of such substances as oils, greases, soaps, alloys, fuels, paints, explosives and water. The building as shown in elevation (Fig. 1) and plan (Fig. 2) consists of a main or routine laboratory, an experimental laboratory, a water FIG. 1.-WEST ELEVATION. analysis room and the other accessories such as stock room, library, sampling and drying rooms and office. The main laboratory is further divided into a balance room and zinc analysis room. As the greater part of our determinations are volumetric, good light is a very important factor and with this in view the interior walls of the building were constructed of white enameled brick laid in Keene cement. These also have the additional advantage that they give a clean and attractive appearance to the room. The windows are large, being 76 by 44 in. and even on very dark days the light is good throughout the whole laboratory. Our zinc titration requires a constant light and as, on many days, especially in winter, the light is variable, we installed two Artificial

Jan 8, 1917

By John Hays Hammond

IT was but a few years ago that the mining engineer, and his confreres, the civil, mechanical and electrical engineer, were stigmatized by politicians of the parish? pump variety as advance agents of unprincipled exploiters of backward countries. Today he is recognized as a most important missionary of civilization in opening up new territory to contribute its mineral wealth and incidentally its other resources for the needs of mankind. An engineer, it is now conceded, is not only a benefactor of the world at large, but is a primary factor in the betterment of conditions of the inhabitants of those countries developed by his skill and indomitable courage-for courage is requisite in pioneering and his indefatigable industry. The engineer will, I believe, become a real "Ambassador of Good Will," when the slow-consenting academic mind realizes as it must that beneficent deeds are more enduring and more convincing than mere gestures of professed amity.

Jan 1, 1929