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Seven papers have been reviewed and in this session. Broadly they can be grouped into three categories as follows: A Chemical Characterisation of Mine Waters Miller & Murray - Prediction of Time Dependent Factors in Acid Mine Drainage Jeffrey et. al. - Sulphide Oxidation in Pyritic Overburden; A Controlled Leach Column Study Sheridan et. al. - The Effect of Ore Type, Depth, and Leach Time on Cyanide Species in Column Tests using NaCN Leach Solutions B Mine Water Treatment Management Gilchrist & Hunt - The Recovery of Water from a Colloidally Stable Kimberlite Suspension Chapman, et. al. - Treatment and Utilisation of Hilton Mine Water

Jan 1, 1988

An outline of the circumstances giving rise to the current Commonwealth-States con- flict in relation to offshore mineral explor- ation and production is set out, together with an analysis of the Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973. The bases of the claims by the Commonwealth and the States in this regard are discussed with relation to the territorial sea and the continental shelf.

Jan 1, 1974

The attachment of a spherical particle to a bubble is theoretically investigated under the condition of a mixed sorption coating of a collector. It is shown that the attachment is determined primarily by the hydrodynamic factor involving the displacement of liquid from the gap between a bubble and a particle. The dependence of the attachment on the state of the surface of particle (sorption coating) is due to a change in the boundary conditions on the interface with water both in the case of surfactant chemical sorption and in that of the physical adsorption of oil. It is demonstrated that at large distances the thinning of a interlayer is facilitated by a physically sorbed collector, while near the bubble this is done by a chemically sorbed one.

Jan 1, 1993

Most of the world' s continental' shelves are .primarily . esozoic-Tertiary phexicmena. Those ,of south,eap- ern Australia are' no exception, although cam-plicated by possible TTmelon-seed" type block upthrusts in the region of the Bass Strait (e.g. King Island, Wilson's Promontory etc.) These terraces represent the progressive infilling and seaward. outgrowth of enormous volumes of tern g_enous sediments into the marine environment. Asa consequence they constitute the preferred habitats, of, petroleum.The Gambier ,sub-basin forms part of the southern Australian-continental terrace where it opposes the (3000 fathom), Jeffrey deep. The'purpose of'this paper is to discuss its nature, structure,_ and developmental history in re-lation to its oil prospects.

Jan 1, 1962

Warrego copper ore characteristically contains 0.05-0.2% bismuth, which on upgrading produces a concentrate of approximately 1.3% bismuth. Early smelting of this concentrate (1973) was accomplished in a flash furnace (eliminating 92% of the bismuth in the con- centrate) and Top Blown Rotary Convertors (eliminating 85% of the bismuth in the matte). However 1.3% bismuth was considered the max- imLun bismuth level that could be treated. Geological evidence indicated that the bismuth level in~the copper ore would increase and that the bismuth level in the Warrego ore would be 0.3-0.7% bismuth. Treating these ores would produce a copper concentrate with bismuth levels far in excess of those accept- able to the smelter and still produce low bismuth content blister (limit 0.03% bismuth).

Jan 1, 1984

IntroductionOre BodiesRio GrandeBlack RockLeadCopperBlack StarLeadCopperStoping Methods and DesignFactors Affecting Ventilation PracticeTemperatures and Climatic ConditionsGeothermic GntdlentLegal RequirementsMine CasesMain Ventilation SystemMajor Fans and ShaftsVentilation CircuitsMan and Supply Shaft; No. 2 Ore Shaft; Urquhart ShaftMan and Supply Shaft; Davidson Shaft; No. 46ShaftLawlor Shaft; Urquhart ShaftControl of VentilationSummary of Upcasts and DowncastsAuxiliary VentilationType of Fans used, Vent Pipe, etcVentilation and Temperature SurveysDust SurveysInstruments Used

Jan 1, 1953

The concept of "profit" is implicit in the definition of an ore reserve. It is suggested that the flexible concept "economic" is more appropriate. This allows different economic considerations to be taken to account when determining what is ore at the feasibility study stage; during actual mining production; before mine closure; and from the viewpoint of the national economy. Economic factors which are highly variable, and largely beyond a mining enterprise's control, affect the economic exploitation of a mineral resource. Major economic factors include: metal prices; operating costs; the cost of original and replacement capital equipment; the cost of capital; taxation and royalties; inflation; exchange rates and the state of the world economy. The paper suggests why a careful quantification of the average value, trend, and variation from the trend of major economic factors should be made and how this will lead to a better definition of ore reserves. The paper also discusses the necessity of reappraising economic factors during the life of a mine in order to maximise the economic surplus and to minimise the wastage of natural, economic and human resources employed in mining.

Jan 1, 1979

Investigations into the flotation behaviour of single minerals, mineral mixtures and ores at the CSIRO Division of Mineral and Process Engineering have led to the development of sophisticated laboratory flotation testing equipment. Both routine and complicated flotation investigations can be conducted in a precise and reproducible manner using procedures and equipment that have been refined over many years of conducting careful batch flotation testwork. Several important advances in flotation research can be attributed to changes in testing procedure developed as a consequence of the availability of this equipment. The flotation cell and ancillary equipment is described and associated developments and techniques discussed.

Jan 1, 1992

By J Borthwick, M Yusi, M Douge

Feasibility studies form a vital and significant component of the project delivery cycle. They are at the heart of the valuation process. This paper focuses on variables which can affect a project and how these are assessed as part of the decision-making process through feasibility studies. Test work and site selection needs; the degree of engineering required to meet the study requirements and the quality of owner project information are discussed. Also, local factors including permitting needs, social, environmental and government relations are considered. Engineering and site factors are crucial in the estimating process. The interaction of detailed engineering, engineering assumptions and estimating methodologies are therefore examined. The ownerÆs perspective is considered along with risk analysis, which is fundamental in project feasibility study activities. The impact of this is also discussed.

Jan 1, 2009

By Newell R

The influence of layering on the rate of heat transfer through a packed bed consisting of particles of two different sizes and heat capacities has been determined by measuring the heat front velocity through beds of quartzite particles and iron ore pellets. The heat front velocity through the layered beds was less than that through a bed consisting of a random mixture of the par- ticles. This is due to the formation of an interface in which the smaller pellets in one layer penetrate into the layer of quartzite Below.

Jan 1, 1987

By S Strohmayr, R Harvey, A See

Ernest Henry Mining Pty Ltd started production in August 1997. The Ernest Henry orebody consists of two distinct parts, a complex supergene ore zone overlying a primary ore zone. The economic copper minerals in the supergene ore were chalcocite, bornite, secondary chalcopyrite and native copper while the primary zone has only chalcopyrite. The variability of the supergene zone made concentrator operation difficult and predicting metallurgical performance using mineralogy essential to establish the capabilities of the concentrator. A paper presented at the 1998 Mine to Mill Conference entitled Mineralogy Controlling Metallurgy at Ernest Henry Mining (Barnes, Strohmayr, Brindley and Munro, 1998) presented the testwork and initial plant surveys that showed that the mineralogy of the ore controls the metallurgy of the concentrator. This paper presents the data obtained from the subsequent years of operation treating both the supergene and primary ore types. A review of the actual supergene mineral distribution in feed and subsequent recoveries compared to those predicted as part of the flowsheet design is also presented.

Jan 1, 2003

By M W. I Visser Æt Hooft, R C. Schimmel

Until recently the Corus IJmuiden pellet plant produced approximately 4.5 Mtpa of pellets. Corus IJmuiden is currently running a program to increase its pig iron production to 6.4 million tonnes HM per annum. The burden of the Corus IJmuiden blast furnaces consists of approximately 50 per cent high basicity sinter and 50 per cent acid pellets, both produced in-house. To accommodate the increased pig iron production, the capacity of the pellet plant needed to be increased to 5.0 Mtpa. The productivity was increased by modifications to the plant layout, which were implemented during the 2006 cold maintenance stop. In addition, the composition of the ore blends is optimised to gain productivity.

Jan 1, 2007

The ""comparable sales"" method of valuation attributes value to an asset by reference to actual sales of comparable assets or to the market capitalisation of companies with comparable assets. This methodology is widely used in real estate valuations. The real estate approach can be used to value mining and exploration properties where there are actual sales of comparable or similar assets in the recent past. The practical limitations of the comparable sales method are well known and self evident: limited number of transactions, limitations on comparability and inadequate data. The real value of the comparable sales method is in its use as a validity check. Estimates of value of mining and exploration assets are so sensitive to so many variables that all valuation methods have limitations. Accordingly there is real value in attempting to establish benchmarks from comparable sales. Apparently sophisticated valuation methods can mislead by creating the impression that valuation is a precise science. The judgement of the valuer is critical and judgements can be wrong. Any available evidence from actual sales that are even remotely comparable can provide useful input to the valuation process.

Jan 1, 1994

The growth of the mining industry around Australia over the last ten years has seen many open cut mines developed on shallow oxide reserves. Most of these have been gold operations, although there are some copper mines in the list, too. Many of these have exhausted their oxide reserves and have made the transition to underground mining to access their deeper sulphide ores. Other operations have reached or are approaching the point where the decision has to be made to go underground or cease mining. This paper discusses the issues involved in making the transition from surface to underground mining. The aim is not to discuss each of the issues exhaustively. This would take a conference in its own right. Nor is it intended to provide a primer on underground mining. Instead the aim is, firstly, to flag the issues which must be addressed when planning to make the transition from surface to underground mining and, secondly, to identify critical aspects of mine development.

Jan 1, 1997

The southern portion of the Swan Coastal Plain, a geomor-: phological element formed since late'Tertiary times, contains commercially exploitable accumulations of ilmenite, zircon, rutile'and monazite associated with a series'of raised'shorelines. The:location'of the deposits is controlled by a locally outcropping*Archaen-granite/granulite complex and a sea':current pattern'determined'by'local geography and a prevailing wind direction.'-A progression from medium. to high titanium ilmenite is'evident parallelled by. progressive leucoxenisation as the age of the deposits increases. Variation's in trace element content accompany this process. Circulating groundwater has caused vertical mineralogical variations within-individual deposits and' by p'ecipitation of iron has formed layers of hardpan. The economic sig- nificance''of the Geographe--Bay deposits is'briefly discussed,

Jan 1, 1964

Coal pillar design has been based on generalised formulae of the strength of the coal in a pillar and experience in localised situations. Stress measurements above and in coal pillars indicate that the actual strength and deformation of pillars varies much more than predicted by formulae. This variation is due to failure of strata surrounding coal. The pillar strength and deformation of the adjacent roadways is a function of failure in the coal and the strata about the coal. When the pillar is viewed as a system in which failure also occurs in the strata, rather than the coal only, the wide range of pillar strength characteristics found in the UK, USA, South Africa, Australia, China, Japan and other countries are simply variations due to different strata-coal combinations and not different coal strengths.This paper presents the measured range of pillar strength characteristics and explains the reasons. Methods to design pillar layouts with regard to the potential strength variations due to the strata strength characteristics surrounding the seam are Presented.

Jan 1, 1998

Where tunnel rounds are based on the burn cut, faster advance could often be achieved by increasing blasthole diameter from (the conventional)

Jan 1, 1981

Carbonate replacement tin deposits in the areas studiedhere are genetically related to biotite granites. Biotite in the granites is distinguished by distinctive compositional features. High MgO content is found in biotite in the Renison Bell granite; high MnO and A1203 contents in the Gejiu granite; and high FeO content in the Xinlu granite. The compositional features of biotite in the granites are reflected in skarn minerals formed around the granites.Granites associated with these tin deposits are characterized by different accessory minerals. Magnetite-bearing granite in the Xinlu deposit is related to the andraditic garnet (andradite 40-45 mole%)-hedenbergite skarn, with tin mineralization occurring in the contact skarn only. The sphene-bearing granite in the Gejiu deposit is related to the grossular garnet (grossular 50-60 mole%, almandine 20-30 mole%) -salite skarn, with tin mineralization occurring in the contact skarn, as well as stratabound replacement orebodies in the distal skarn. The ilmenite-bearing granite in the Dachang deposit and the Renison Bell deposit is related to the grossular-diopside skam, with tin mineralization occurring 500-1500 metres vertically and 1.5-3 km horizontally away from the granite contact.

Jan 1, 1990

By Borgelt B. V, Perry A. J, Wellington H. K

There has been little change in the lead smelting practice at Mount Isa since 1939 when the metallurgy and general practice were outline by Raney and Blott.The purpose of this paper is to descriqe some of the operational details that have influenced the overall production. The slag fall hns been increased by the lowering of the lead content of the concentrate. Further, as it is the practice to include iron on the furnace charge and carry a higher lime content in the slag, both factors have produced notable results in furnace operations.All blast furnace gases are filtered in a baghouse and this unit is. being further extended to take all smelter gases, thus eliminating the existing Cottrell plant handling Dwight-Lloyd gases.The lead smelter was closed down from April 1943, to May 1946, during which time blister copper was produced.The report is subdivided as follows:-1. Filtering and Mixinga. Effect of calcium sulphate on cloth.b. Dwight-Lloyd charge composition.c. Main mixer.d. Return sintel sizing.2. Blast Furnace Operationsa. Introduction.b. Use of orehearth.

Jan 1, 1953

The overall mineral assemblage of the Broken Hill orebody is similar to that of a skarn. However unlike the classical skarns it does not represent contact metamorphism of pre-existing limestone beds. It is a stratiform accumulation of exhalative-sedimentary silica, sulphides, (Ca, Fe, Mn) silicates and carbonates, fluoride and phosphate that has later undergone regional metamorphism. The resulting development of coarse-grained quartz, sphalerite, galena, rhodonite, bustamite, mixed carbonates, fluorite, apatite and many minor phases has produced a sulphide-rich skarn- like mass that like many others of its kind, might best be referred to as a stratiform skarn. Recent investigations of occurrences of this type are showing that the incidence of concentrations of particular metamorphic minerals in and adjacent to such orebodies are closely related to bedding and to former sedimentary facies patterns. From this it appears that the mineral assemblages may be used to deduce not only the nature of the materials laid down in the beds, but also the physico-chemical conditions under which sedimentation took place. Several stratiform deposits, including Broken Hill, are used as examples to show that variations in these conditions may have a profound influence on the subsequent response of the rock to regional metamorphism and hence on the mineral assemblages that finally develop.

Jan 1, 1983