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By Albert Hill Fay

IN giving a sketch of the geology and mining of the tin-deposits of Cape Prince of Wales, a short description of the geographic and climatic conditions may be of special interest on account of this being a part of the world of which very little is known, even by the reading public. As shown in Fig. 1, the location of the Cape is lat. N. 65° 35' and long. W. 168°. It is bounded on the north by the Arctic ocean ; on the west by Bering strait and on the south by Bering sea. It is the western-most point of the mainland of North America, and to the west, across the strait, one can see East Cape, Siberia, which consists of a rugged, steep coast of granite cliffs. The climatic conditions are of interest because of the part they have had in the surface geology, and also because they affect mining from an economic standpoint. In connection with the climate and geography, it does not seem out of place here to quote a few lines from the prologue of The Wandering Jew, written by Eugene Sue, under the caption '1 The Land's End of Two Worlds."

Sep 1, 1907

By E. M. Wise

THOUGH known as the platinum-group metal- the sextuplet, platinum, palladium, iridium. rhodium, osmium, ruthenium, might well be called the American metals or perhaps Pan-American metals, as the ore containing them eras first discovered in South America, and in recent years the largest production has come from North America. The South American alluvial deposits, which also, contain gold, are in active production, as are the alluvial platinum deposits of Alaska, but the main production is from the copper-nickel ores of Sudbury, Ontario. The Russian deposits in the Urals were the source of most of the worlds platinum for about 100 years, but since 1934 have assumed second place. For a time considerable amounts of platinum came from several rather rich deposits in South Africa but these were exhausted quickly. However, a tremendous reserve of lower-grade ore exists there, which could be worked profitably if the price of platinum were considerably higher.

Jan 1, 1942

By D. L., Hayes

THE concentration of zinc ore in Wisconsin is a comparatively simple process, although it presents problems that must be overcome in an efficient manner in such a way that installation and operating costs are low. As the ore deposits are small, the first cost of the concentrating plant must be low; while the low margin of profit makes it necessary to have the minimum operating costs. The original mills were copied from those of the Joplin district, as most of them were built and operated by Joplin millmen. These served the purpose well; they made a clean concentrate, which was the chief requirement at that time, as most 'of the mines were' considerably 'richer than the average at the present time, and wages and supplies were also considerably lower. ' The apparatus used at present has changed very little in principle. . The grizzly opening has gradually been increased to 12 in. and sometimes no grizzly 'is used. The crusher, gradually grew in size, the largest crusher has -an opening of about 24 by 13 in. and a 7/8-in. throw on the. eccentric shaft.

Jan 1, 1921

By C. M. Brinckerhoff

Safety work in mining at the Andes Copper Mining Company, Potrerillos, Chile, is divided into three parts: (1) accident prevention, (2) fire prevention and protection, and (3) silicosis prevention and control. In the company's operations a steady campaign has been waged to reduce accidents and silicosis, and to prevent fires. In the following pages the safety record for the past twelve years will be examined and the methods explained by which the accident rate was reduced. Table 1 contains yearly data pertaining to the scale of the mining operations and the accident record. Block caving is used for all ore production and the tonnage mined has averaged 30,000 short tons per day for the past seven years. Table 2 classifies 44 fatal accidents which have occurred since 1935. The leading causes of accidental death are transportation of ore and use of explosives, followed in order by persons falling, falls of ground, and by asphyxiation. In the case of serious accidents, however, the greatest cause is falls of ground, followed, in turn, by ore transportation, persons falling, explosives, and asphyxiation. Accident Prevention The improvement of the safety record was obtained by a combination of many factors. In surveying the results at Andes for the past twelve years, it is possible to select some features of the present operation which have contributed to the accident record. The most important of these are: (1) good staff planning, (2) good equipment, (3) an alert safety organization, and (4) education and selection of the workmen. GOOD STAFF PLANNING As a result of good staff planning, the mine has good working conditions, namely, good ventilation, moderate temperatures and humidity, and good lighting. These factors not only reduce accidents but also improve efficiency. In haulage work, accidents have been reduced by having traffic move in a forward direction only. The latter makes possible a one-man train crew. Trains are centrally dispatched from loading drifts which are interconnected by signal lights, so that when a train in a lateral drift is given permission to move into a main line drift, a red light signals in all other lateral drifts in that area. Good track is maintained, and safety niches are required at all switch throws. Since safety niches were provided there have been no fatal or serious accidents at such points. All main line haulage drifts are illuminated by electric lights. Haulage drifts are kept clean. Adequate clearance has been provided between cars and between cars and the sides of the haulage drifts. The 4 1/2 ton Cranby type cars are equipped with roller bearings, and the 10 ton loconlotives with trolley shoes instead of wheels. These two features are responsible for improved ore haulage conditions and contribute to greater efficiency and safety.

Jan 1, 1950

By G. F. Tagg

In an earlier paper1, the author described a method of interpreting earth-resistivity curves, based on the theoretical investigation of a single horizontal underlying stratum. If the four-electrode system of Wenner is employed, the resistivity in a homogeneous soil is given by the formula p = 2paR [1] where a is the electrode separation and R is the resistance of the earth between the two inner electrodes. If the earth is not perfectly homo¬geneous, the application of this formula gives an apparent specific resistance varying with the electrode separation. In the special case of the single horizontal underlying stratum, there is a surface layer of thickness h and resistivity pi and a lower layer, extend-ing to infinity, of resistivity p2. It has been shown by Lancaster-Jones2 that the apparent resistivity, obtained by an application of equation 1 is related to the true resistivities, the depth h and the electrode separation a by an expression of the form pa/p1 = 1 + 4F [2] where Pa is the apparent resistivity and F is a function (actually an infinite series), of the ratio h/a, and a reflection coefficient k = (p2 - p1)/(p2 + p1). For given values of h/a and k, the right-hand side of equation 2 can be calculated, and curves drawn showing the relationship between Pa/P1, h/a and k. Such a set of curves for the case when pi > P2 is given in Fig. 1.

Jan 1, 1937

By A. W. Gauger

SMELTING of iron ore, manufacture of steel, and the fabrication of ferrous metal products are all processes that require energy. Charcoal was adequate, to supply this energy for the relatively simple processes of the early iron-masters. In the fourth decade of the nineteenth century, anthracite and bituminous coal and later coke supplanted charcoal for the smelting of iron. So far as the chemical phases of the process were concerned, charcoal was an ideal iron-furnace fuel. It had practically no sulphur, and its ash, besides being low in quantity, consisted chiefly of lime and alkalies, thus supplying a part of the flux required for smelting the ore. The ash of coal and coke on the other hand, being largely silica, had itself to be fluxed with bases added to the charge. Physically, however, coke proved to have many advantages over charcoal, which could not be used in the furnaces of today. The chief reason, however, for the change from charcoal to coke was the impossibility of maintaining an adequate wood supply.

Jan 1, 1941

In Mr. Weed's interesting paper, frequent reference is made to the Cananea copper-deposits, which are said to have been so vigorously exploited that they produced 14,000,000 Ib. of copper in 1901. The ore-bodies which yielded this large quantity of metal are described as a product of contact-metamorphism, and in Mr. Weed's genetic classification of such deposits, they receive a place under the sub-heading, "Deposits impregnating and replacing beds of contact-zone."* They are considered by Mr. Weed to represent a special type under this head, and are further classified as: " l. Chalcopyrite deposits: (a) Pyrrhotite ores; (6) Magnetite ores, Cananea type." In condensing much information into a comparatively small space, the presentation of a subject may be so abbreviated as to detract from its clearness. The situation at La Cananea, considering its importance from an economic as well as scientific standpoint, may he worthy of more detailed description. As Mr. Weed rightly remarks, " structural differences are so important, and have SO marked a bearing, not alone on the theory of their genesis, hut also on the working of the deposits and a determination of their value as mines, that they merit a full discussion."† It is my present purpose: (1) to show that it is doubtful whether the copper of La Cananea is mined, except to a limited

Jan 1, 1903

By W. D. Keller

THE high-alumina clays of Missouri are interesting for several reasons. They are the only sedimentary deposits in North America of first grade (over 70 pct A1,0,) diaspore and boehmite sufficiently large to be mined commercially. Mineralogically, they are composed of diaspore and boehmite in intimate coexistence, but gibbsite, the common hydrated alumina mineral in bauxite and laterite, is absent, or is exceedingly scanty if present.* Therefore, the Missouri high-alumina clays do not represent typical laterization. The physical chemistry leading to their mineral genesis, and the geolbgical setting for their formation, present important problems for scientific study. The origin of the Missouri high-alumina clays has been discussed in earlier reports by Allen1 (1935) and McQueen 8, 9 (1929, 1943). These investigations were made under difficult conditions, however, because no diaspore deposit had been opened where a Paleozoic (Pennsylvanian) rock cover lay undisturbed over the high-alumina clay. The relationship of the clay to only the underlying rocks could actually be observed. Lacking the guidance of critical postdepositional geologic evidence, undue and erroneous emphasis was placed on the postdepositional leaching of the deposits in the theories on the origin of diaspore and boehmite from clay (hydrous aluminosilicates) . With new geologic evidence at hand, a clearer picture can be made for the origin of the Missouri high-alumina deposits. In this paper the geology of a diaspore deposit whose original Paleozoic cover had not been eroded will be described and interpreted genetically. The close relationship of boehmite and diaspore (also with kaolinite and a chloritic mineral), will be established. A theory of origin for the high-alumina clays, consistent with the new data, will be postulated.

Jan 1, 1952

By E. J. Eisenach, Edward Matsen

AT the present time the Climax Molybdenum Co. is the largest molybdenum producer in the world and the operator of the largest underground mine in North America. It has grown steadily and rapidly since its beginning in 1917. Only 250,000 lb of MoS2 were produced during the first year from 1917 to 1918 when the company was formed. Operations were suspended shortly thereafter because of the lack of a market and knowledge of the uses of molybdenum. During World War I it was used as a substitute for some rare metals and for minor chemical purposes. After 5 years of intensive research and sales promotion, Climax metallurgists succeeded in finding proper applications for the newly discovered metal and the mine was reopened in 1924. Demand for molybdenum increased gradually and in 1930, 3.5 million lb of MoS2 were produced. In the meantime, research work for additional uses of molybdenum continued until it had established itself as one of the most important alloying elements in producing high quality steels. After the start of World War 11, from January 1942 to October 1953, 43 million tons of molybdenum ore were mined and 484 million lb of MoS2 were produced. Climax mine is located in Colorado, 100 miles southwest of Denver and 12 miles northeast of Leadville on the Continental Divide of the Rocky Mountains. The principal mine workings range from 11,170 to 12,000 ft in elevation. Topographically, it lies in the base of a large cirque that is surrounded by Mt. Bartlett to the north, Clinton Peak and McNamee Peak to the east and Ceresco Ridge to the south. This cirque opens to the west and to the Ten Mile Valley.

Jan 3, 1954

By T. Sterry Hunt

THERE are about sixty bodies which chemists call elements ; the simplest forms of matter which they have been able to extract from the rocky crust of our earth, its waters, and its atmosphere. These substances are distributed in very unequal quantities, and in very different manners. As regards the frequency of these elements in nature, neglecting for the present those which constitute air and water, and confining ourselves to the solid matters of the earth's crust, there are a few which are exceedingly abundant, making up nine-tenths, if not ninety-five hundredths, of the rocks so far as known to us. The elements of which silica, alumina, lime, magnesia, potash, and soda are oxides, are very common, and occur almost everywhere. There are others which are much rarer, being found in comparatively small quantities. Many of these rarer elements are, however, of great importance in the economy of nature. Such are the common metals and other substances used in the arts, which occur in nature in quantities relatively very minute, but which have been collected by various agencies, and thus made available for the wants of man. It is chiefly of the well-known metals, iron, copper, silver, and gold, that I propose to speak to-night; but there are two other elements not classed among the metals, which I shall notice for the reason that their history is extremely important, and will, moreover, enable us to comprehend more clearly some points in that of the metals themselves. I speak of phosphorus and iodine. You all know the essential part which the former of these, com- * An address before the Polytechnic Association of the American Institute, during the meeting of the American Institute of Mining Engineers in New York. Printed in this volume by request of many members.

Jan 1, 1873

By THOMAS LEONBRD WATSON

INTRODUCTION. IN a paper read by title at the Washington meeting of the Institute, May, 1905,1 discussed at considerable length the geological relations, node of occurrence, and the genesis of the lead- and zinc-ores of the Virginia-Tennessee region. The present paper treats of the purely economic phases of the zinc-ores of the district; such as methods of mining the ores, their preparation and treatment. The Albemarle county mines and plant were discussed in the paper referred to above, and will not be considered here. METHODS OF MINING. Until very recently the mining of lead- and zinc-ores in Virginia was limited wholly to the surface belt of weathering. The mode of occurrence and the character of the ores to be mined were such as to demand the employment of methods used in mining secondary concentrated ores. Accordingly, a system similar to that practiced in mining brown iron-ores was employed, being modified to meet the changed conditions. Oxidized or Soft Ores.-Up to the present time practically all the ore mined in the Virginia district has been of the oxidized or soft type;-the silicate, calamine, and the carbonate, smith-sonite; largely the former, which has been localized and concentrated at only slight depths below the surface. Because of the extreme irregularity with which the limestone weathers when stripped of the overlying residual clay, it presents a roughened surface of large and small irregular "chimneys"

Mar 1, 1906

By R. W. Kewish

The preparation of massive uranium metal containing very low concentrations of a number of light elements by bomb reduction of UF4, with calcium is described. Details of procedures are given for preparing high-purity ingredients for the bomb reduction. The as-reduced uranium metal contained, on the average, less than the following amounts of light element impurities, in ppm: Li, 0.1; Be, 0.1; B, 0.1; C, 25; 0, 70; Na, 1; Mg, 3; Al, 2; and Si, 7. Other impurities for which the metal was examined averaged, in ppm: Ca, < 10; V, < 10; Cr, 2; Mn, 6; Fe, 50; Co, < 5; Ni, 8; and Cu, 1. THE preparation of very high-purity uranium metal in massive form for research purposes is of great importance. Recently the kilogram-scale preparation of uranium metal containing less than 70 ppm of detected impurities was accomplished by Blumen-thal and coworkers by vacuum remelting of high-purity crystals of uranium obtained by fused salt electrolysis.1"3 Albert and coworkers4 have reported successful experiments in lowering the concentrations of certain impurity elements in uranium, notably iron, to a few ppm by the zone-melting method. The present paper describes the preparation of high-purity massive uranium metal by the bomb reduction of UF4, with calcium. Early in 1951 a program was undertaken at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory to prepare uranium metal of very high purity with respect to a number of the light elements. The methods considered for this purpose were 1) bomb reduction of a uranium halide with calcium, 2) electrolysis of fused salts, and 3) hot wire decomposition of UI4, The first of these processes had been used extensively at Los Alamos since 1943 (and still is used) for the production of uranium metal.5 In considering the three processes it was evident that either of the last two would require an extensive development program with no certainty of success. On the other hand, a study of available data showed that uranium metal of very high purity with respect to some light elements had occasionally been made in routine processing by the first method. It was therefore decided that an intensive study of the bomb-reduction process would be made to see if it could be improved to yield uranium metal with very low concentrations of light elements. DEVELOPMENT OF PROCEDURES The bomb-reduction process used at Los Alamos consists of reducing UF4 with calcium, using iodine as a booster. The reaction is carried out in a magnesium-oxide crucible enclosed in a steel bomb. Argon is used in the bomb to avoid objectionable side reactions which would occur in the presence of air. All ingredients for this bomb-reduction process were examined as possible sources of light elements. It was known that high-purity UF4 was required. The calcium used in the reductions was a source of carbon and magnesium. The magnesium-oxide crucibles were sources of boron, silicon, and magnesium. The iodine did not appear to be a source of any impurities. Pure UF4- The UF4 for bomb reduction is prepared from U3O3 , by successive reduction to UO2, with hydrogen and hydrofluorination of the UO2, with anhydrous HF. Since it was known that no impurities were normally introduced during the gas-solid reactions, effort was directed toward the preparation of high-purity U3O3. Of the many possible procedures for the purification of uranium solutions the following were investigated: 1) Precipitation of uranium peroxide. (Two procedures were tried. The first consisted of simultaneously adding hydrogen-peroxide and ammonium-hydroxide solutions to a uranyl-nitrate solution, containing citric and malonic acids, at such relative rates that precipitation was carried out at a constant pH of 1.5 The second consisted of simultaneously adding uranyl-nitrate, ammonium-hydroxide, and hydrogen-peroxide solutions to an aqueous solution

Jan 1, 1960

By Gerald J. Anderson

The Marquette District of Central Northern Michigan is the oldest of the Lake Superior iron districts with a mining history dating from 1852 up to the present. The total production of all types of ore through 1965 was 338,120, 146 long tons. Emphasis up to the 1950's was on mining the direct shipping ores; however, demands for higher-grade and better-structured ores in the last decade has resulted in a complete shift in emphasis to beneficiating the lowgrade Negaunee Iron-formation to produce high-grade iron ore pellets. The Precambrian sediments of the Marquette Range have been correlated with the Animikie Series of the Thunder Bay District, Ontario, and are contained in a westward plunging synclinorium that is approximately 3 3 miles in length and 3 to 6 miles in width. -The rock unit of major economic importance is the Negaunee Iron-formation that reaches a thickness of 2500 feet near the City of Negaunee. The primary iron content of the Negaunee Iron-formation averages 26 per cent, whereas the altered iron-formation approximates 31 per cent. The Negaunee Iron-formation has been divided into three principal types: diagenetic, oxidized, and metamorphic. The ores produced to date fall into four categories: high-grade soft ores, high-grade hard ores, siliceous ores, and concentrates and agglomerates (pellets). The soft ores generally are found in synclines and in fault-trough structures, bounded by mafic dikes along at least one side, and are mainly found in the basal portion of the Negaunee. In contrast, the hard ores occur in the uppermost portion of the Negaunee and are controlled by structural features such as folds, faults, and dikes. Iron-formation that has undergone diagenetic and metamorphic alteration makes up the main beneficiating ore types. Studies on the Negaunee Iron-formation have played an important role in the formulation of many of the theories on the origin of the Precambrian iron-formations.

Jan 1, 1968

By F. J. Cuddeback

For low-head pumping of small quantities of water, the water jet, or hydraulic educter, has been used to advantage by Eagle-Picher Mining and Smelting Co. in the Tri-State district. Water-jet pumps are used for draining sumps and pockets up to 15 ft. in depth. They have been used very successfully when only moderate amounts of water are encountered in taking up bottom. A small, easily handled unit is desirable in this work, especially while opening and deepening a new stope. Small air pumps are convenient but can be used only on the day shift, when air is available. Obviously, a jet pump of smaller capacity but operating 24 hr. prevents lost time at the start of each shift. No tests have been made on their power efficiency, but admittedly it is low. However, for certain kinds of work this is offset by their handiness, low initial cost, low upkeep, and reliability. They will handle slime and sand without ill effect, and will continue to pump indefinitely on air. This foolproof 24-hr. performance has led to their continued use at some places even after electric pumps with better power efficiency could have been installed. The success of jet pumps depends largely upon a cheap source of high-pressure water. Owing to mine depths in the Tri-State district, pump pressures range from 100 to 150 Ib. per sq. in. In many mines it is common practice to handle the normal inflow water with triplex pumps ranging in size from 3 to 8 in. The pumps operate 24 hr. per day, and, in order to handle emergency conditions, are speeded slightly faster than necessary to pump the normal inflow. The sump level is governed by controlling the by-pass water with a butterfly valve and float. This method is somewhat wasteful of power, but permits the pumps to operate with a minimum of attention. Such an installation is visited once a day to check lubrication. Hence, if some of this water, normally by-passed to the main sump, were used to operate a jet pump, the power cost could be considered low regardless of efficiency. Figs. I and 2 show two water jets that have done satisfactory work. The one in Fig. 2, made up entirely of pipe fittings, may be of interest partially because of its novelty, but does better work than its appearance indicates. The pipe fittings for this jet as shown cost $2.20. Some improvement in its design may be made by cutting out the 135 by 1¼-in. reducer to a smoother taper as shown by dotted lines. A 3-in. suction pipe is sometimes used in order that the discharge may be as straight as possible. A 2-in. discharge line has been used frequently, but 3-in. pipe is used where several hundred feet of discharge is required.

Jan 1, 1946

By T. A. Rickard

"The chief aim in style ought to be absolute precision", said Flaubert. "There is only one noun that can express your idea, only one verb that can set that idea in motion, and only one adjective that is the proper epithet for that noun." Let this be your motto. The engineer tries to be exact in all his measurements; he should measure his language with similar exactness. The technical term is a word of precision. It is not only precise, it is a word-saver. To the unscientific the earth is "a ball slightly flattened at the poles, something like an orange". To the scientific it is "an oblate spheroid". A similar contrast between the precision of the technical term and the vagueness of common words is afforded by a conversation between Ivanhoe and Rebecca: "&apos; What device does he bear on his shield?&apos; asked Ivanhoe. &apos;Something resembling a bar of iron, and a padlock painted blue on a black shield.&apos; &apos;A fetterlock and shacklebolt azure&apos;, said Ivanhoe "-using the technical terms of heraldry. It is good style in writing, however, to adapt your manner of expression to the intelligence and experience of the person or persons to whom the writing is addressed. The description of a mine should be worded differently according as it is intended to inform a mining engineer, a director, or a bishop. REMEMBER THE READER. It is as incorrect to write in a technical way for a non-technical reader as to write in a popular way for a technical or scientific reader. That style is best which enables the writer to place himself in the closest mental touch with his reader, to establish the maximum of sympathetic understanding. Let your precision be\ proportioned to your accuracy. You should not try to be precise in matters that do not admit of

Jan 1, 1931

By AUDLEY H. STOW

I. INTRODUCTION. THE general drift of the discussion as to the relative merits of pressure- and exhaust-fans has resulted, if we may judge from the prevailing practice, largely in favor of the latter. The subject has been hitherto treated, however, with special reference to highly gaseous mines, the effect of the form of ventilation upon dust-explosions having been too little considered. Even in mines containing practically no gas, dust-explosions may occur; and if, as I believe, pressure-fans are to be preferred for their effect upon dust, it may be worth while to reopen the debate, and to challenge the advisability of exhaust-ventilation under certain conditions. There are several forms of colliery-ventilation, which may be described as follows: Plain or simple pressure-ventilation, in which the fan acts as a pressure-fan, and the movement of coal is unobstructed at the surface by doors or equivalent devices in drifts or shafts, the traveling and haulage thus being in the return-current. Plain exhaust-ventilation, in which the fan acts as an exhaust-fan, the movement of coal being likewise unobstructed at the surface, and the traveling and haulage being in the intake. Obstructed pressure-ventilation, in which the movement of coal is obstructed at the surface, in order that the traveling and haulage may be in the intake. Obstructed exhaust-ventilation, in which the movement of coal is obstructed at the surface, in order that the traveling and haulage may be in the return. The apparent advantages in running a fan "pressure" during working-hours, and " exhaust" between shifts, seem to justify the recognition of this combination as a standard form of ven-

Feb 1, 1909

NEW MEMBERS The following list comprises the names of those persons who became members during the period of Septa 10, 1917, to Oct. 10, 1917. ALDER, ALFRED 1020 Kansas City St., Rapid City, So. Dakota. AUBEL, VERNE WALLACE, Night Supt. of Works, Broken Hill Proprietary Co., Ltd., Newcastle, N. S. W., Aust. BAKER, ROBERT EARL Works Mgr., Keokuk Electro-Metals Co., Keokuk, Iowa. BALLAMY, JOHN H., Min. Engr., Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad Co,Scranton, Pa. BRADLEY, ALLEN PALMER, Met., American Smelting & Refining Co., Murray, Utah. BRIGGS, WALTER M Pres. Regal Mines Co. Dedham, Mass. BRONSON, EDMOND B., Pres., Bagdad Copper Co., 120 Broadway, New York, N. Y. BROOK, NILES WINFIELD, District. Mgr., Cleveland Min. Co., 625 Bank & Insurance Bldg., Dubuque, BUSKETT, EVANS 1V., Assayer, Custom Assay Office, 620 Joplin St., Joplin, Mo. CAMPBELL, JOHN HATES, Chem. Engr., Robert W. Hunt. & Co., 2200 Insurance Exchange, Chicago, Ill.

Jan 11, 1917

By Emanuel Trotz

As the long-felt need of a reliable and easily-managed pyrometer has now been fully supplied, by the latest form of Professor Wiborgh&apos;s pyrometer, an account of this instrument will, per-

Jan 1, 1893

NEW MEMBERS The following list comprises the names of those persons who became members during the period Feb. 10, 1919, to Mar. 10, 1919. ALLEN, ROLLAND CRATEN State Geol., Appraiser of Mines, Lansing, Mich. ALTMAYER, MAURICE ERNEST, Ingenieur des Arts et Manufactures, 145 Rue de la Pompe, Paris, France. AUSTIN, CHARLES L., Assayer, Highland Boy Mine, Utah Cons. Min. Co., Bingham Canyon, Utah. BARTLETT, ARTHUR J., Chief Engr., Louisville Coal & Coke Co. Goodwill, W. Va. BOIES, ORLOW W., Research Chem., Roessler & Hasslacher Chemical Co., 1632 Tenth St., Niagara Falls, N. Y. BRAGG, G. A., Mgr., Experimental Copper Leaching Plant, Mellon Inst. of Industrial Research, Thompson, Nev. BRUSCANTINI, GIOVANNI, Min. Engr., Gen&apos;l Mgr., Sindicato Minero de Cuba, Box 370, Santiago, Cuba. COLONY, R. J Instructor in Geol., Columbia University, New York, N. Y. DAVENPORT, FRANK B., Cons. Engr., 806 Coal Exchange Bldg., WiIkes-Barre, Pa. EATON, S. FORD 120 E. 85th St., New York, N. Y. EBY, J. H., Min. Engr Box 433, Spokane, Wash. ENGELHARDT, EDWARD A., Mgr., Surinaamsche Bauxite Mij, Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana, S. A.

Jan 4, 1919

By Robert Hamilton Morris

FATE, rather than planning, put Bob Morris into coal mining. He was a farmer&apos;s son, born at Plattsburg, Ohio, just 68 years ago (Feb. 28, 1878) though he could easily pass for ten years younger. Before he was ready for high school the family moved to Columbus, seat of Ohio State University, whose course in mining engineering attracted him because lie thought it the broadest of the engineering courses. He really wanted to be a steel metallurgist but it was a coal-mining company that offered him a job when he graduated, and this circumstance directed his entire future professional life. To. be sure it wasn&apos;t such a glorious opportunity so far as pay went -$40 a month-but his employer, the Modoc Coal & Mining Co., Modoc, Ohio, was developing a new shaft mine, thus offering some good experience. In 1902, after a year&apos;s experience, he was made superintendent of the property. Then in 1903 the Continental Coal Co. at Glouster, Ohio, offered him a better job as their chief engineer, which he retained until 1905, at the same time joining the A.I.M.E.

Jan 1, 1946