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By L. Allan White

Instrumental analysis is an indispensable tool to many phases of research on rare-earth metals and their compounds; therefore, the development of new and improved instrumental techniques is essential. This report describes an emission spectrometric analytical method using direct-current carbon-arc excitation of various rare-earth-oxide mixtures. Lanthanum oxide serves the dual purpose of an internal standard and a constant major constituent. The versatility of the method was demonstrated by three different applications: (a) Analysis of complex rare-earth concentrates; (b) determination of impurities in high-purity rare-earth oxides; and (c) detection of rare-earth elements in other types of matrices, such as those resulting from beneficiation of rare-earth ores. The average error of analysis in the concentration range of 0.2 to 10.0 percent was 14.6 percent for a group of complex synthetic mixtures of rare-earth oxides. An average error of analysis in the concentration range of 0.05 to 0.50 percent was 21 percent for a group of high-purity rare-earth oxides.

Jan 1, 1959

By Todd M. Ruff

Researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health are investigating technologies that could be used to detect objects, small vehicles, and pedestrian workers that may be in the blind areas of haulage equipment used in mining and construction. A detection system that warns the equipment operator that there is an obstacle nearby could prevent collisions and save many lives each year. One popular technology for collision warning systems is radar. Several different types of radar have been tested in the laboratory and on mining equipment. Early in the study, questions arose concerning the best way to test radar systems. Many factors affect the performance of radar, including the size, shape, and composition of the object that is to be detected; the height of the radar antenna(s); and the relative motion of the radar system and/or object. This report discusses several different test procedures and test targets and recommends methods to determine how effective a radar system will be in detecting a person near heavy equipment.

Jan 1, 2002

He was born at Montreal, Canada, in 1875. His earliest education was received in Montreal hut was continued from 1885 to 1892 at schools and academies in Brooklyn, Whitestone, and Flushing, L. I. For his technical education he returned to McGill University, where he graduated in 1897. His first professional occupation was as transitman enga.ged in the running of township lines in the Rainy River District of Ontario. In 1899, he was made assistant chemist at the Cuggenheim smelter at Aguascalientes, Mexico. From 1900 to 1903, he was chief chemist for La Compañia Minera de Peñoles, at Mapimi, Durango. We have no information as to his pursuits during the next eight years, but from 1911 until 1914, when he became a member of the Institute, he was chief engineer for the Bankhead mines in Alberta, Canada. Lieutenant-Colonel Alfred Winter Evans Lieutenant-Colonel Evans, who was in command of the Third Battalion of the New Zealand Rifle Brigade, and had been cited in Distinguished Service Orders and received the Distinguished Conduct Medal, was killed in action on Oct. 12, 1917. Alfred Winter Evans was born in Natal, South Africa, in 1881, and received his preliminary education in the Durban High School. For the next five years he attended St. George's School at Harpenden Heights, England, until 1898. Returning to South Africa, he worked . for three months of 1898 as underground sampler for the Crown Deep Gold Mining Co., at Johannesburg, and for six months of the following year he was shift-boss for the Crown Deep, Ltd. At the outbreak of the Boer War he took an active part and was engaged on military service from 1899 to 1902. At the close of the mar, he came to New York and attended the Columbia School of Mines, where he graduated with the degree of E. M. in 1906. A part of that year he spent as assayer to a mining company at Poland, Arizona. In 1907, he returned to South Africa and engaged as underground contractor in charge of mining and development at a number of the South African mines, notably the French-Rand, the ViIIage Main Reef, the City Deep, and others. In 1908, he acted as shift-boss for the Fer-rerra Gold Mining Co. at Johannesburg. In 1909, he was appointed acting general manager for the Consolidated Goldfields of New Zealand,

Jan 1, 1920

The Wongawilli system of mining has been in use for over 30 years and has enabled high production rates and acceptable extraction ratios to be achieved in seams less than 4 m in thickness. A modification of the Wongawilli system has been developed to permit the use of a continuous miner and mobile equipment to extract a coal seam 6 m thick. Following physical and mathematical model studies the new mining method is now undergoing field trials at Collinsville, Queensland. Progress of the field trials to date has achieved 99 per cent extraction of the upper slice by remote control operation of the continuous miner and established the feasibility of installing resin grouted wooden dowels in the coal floor to reinforce the coal septum. The method is explained in the text. Monitoring of the goaf gases as an early indication of spontaneous combustion has been incorporated in the mining cycle by placement of tubes in the goaf as the face retreats and continuous analysis of the goaf gases made at the surface by the National Coal Board tube bundle monitoring system.

Jan 1, 1980

A localized nonlinear recoverable resource estimate technique has been applied using typical feasibility or new mining drilling data configurations drawn from a massive database from a mined-out area on a hydrothermal gold deposit. The results were then compared with the corresponding 8 m x 5 m grid grade-control data in order to determine the efficiency of the approach and the validity of the recoverable resource estimates for mine planning and financial forecasts.

Jan 1, 2014

those who are to lie in the torn fields of France. Today we read of Lieut. William Hague, whom we said good-by to hardly more than a month ago-—so clean, ao young, so strong—who, abandoning the professional career in which he had won such commendation and which held for him such promise, leaving his wife and his little boy to whom he was so dear, answered at once the call for men of his training, and is now dead "in the service of his country." There are many friends of that courtly and dignified gentleman James D. Hague who recall, both here and in Stockbridge, the parental pride in the promising lad of such a little time ago—the eager schoolboy at Milton, the rather grave youth at Harvard, his entry into new experiences in the Western mining world, and who, seeing him during his stay at Camp Upton, realized that the old Puritan stock was still sound and true—and now with him the struggle is over and the sacrifice made. Captain William Teasdale Hall Captain Hall, who was admitted to Junior Membership in the Institute in 1915, while still a student of mining at the University of Toronto, was killed in action in France on May 19, 1917. Captain Hall was born in Toronto in 1893, and received his academic training at Harbord College, from 1908 to 1911, when he entered the University of Toronto, School of Practical Science. During the three summer vacations of his university course, he was employed by the O'Brien mine at Gowganda, next by the McIntyre Mining Co., at Porcupine, and finally by the Mines Branch of the Geological Survey, which was conducting magnetic surveys to the north of Port Arthur. When war was first declared, Mr. Hall endeavored to join the artillery as an officer, and for the purpose secured a provisional lieutenancy with a Hamilton battery, but he did not receive an overseas appointment, and on being graduated as a mining engineer in 1915, he was offered a position in Chile, which he accepted. He left Toronto on May 27, 1915, and was engaged in Chile as a mining engineer for nearly a year. In the latter part of April, 1916, he decided to offer himself again for service at the front. He crossed the Andes and sailed for LiverpooI, where he landed on May 13, 1916. On May 27, 1916, Captain Hall was given a commission as a lieutenant in the Royal Flying Corps, 21st Squadron. He went to the front on Sept. 1, 1916, and remained there continuously. His

Jan 1, 1920

department, first as a practical miner, next. as rodman on the survey corps, of which he soon became chief, then draftsman and mining engineer in the company's office. In January, 1916, he was promoted to the position of district engineer in charge of mining engineering work. He became a member of this Institute in September, 1917. Captain Ba.llamy's military experience began at the same time as his engineering practice. He was a charter member of Company A, Engineers, N. G. P., which was organized ten years ago. He saw service on the Mexican border as First Lieutenant of this Company, and remained in that position until November, 1916. In July, 1917, he was again called into service and was sent to Camp Hancock, Ga., with the 103d Regiment of Engineers. Before joining this regiment he attended a school for officers at Fort Sill, Okla., where he received special training in field fortifications. In December, 1917, he was commissioned Topographical Captain on the Regimental Staff, and in April, 1918, preceded his regiment by about six weeks to France, where he again attended an officers' training school. He rejoined his regiment on July 15, near Chateau Thierry and was killed near Fismes on Aug. 9, 1918. Lieutenant Martin F. Bowles Martin F. BOWleS, born Apr. 25, 1893, at Bonne Terre, Mo., and graduated from the Neodesha, Kans., High School, had finished all but one month of a four-year course in metallurgical engineering at the Missouri School of Mines, Rolla, Mo., when on May 12, 1917, he entered the first Officers' Training Camp at Fort Riley, Kans. At the close of the training period, he was commissioned a Sccond Lieutenant and assigned to Co. B, 355th Infantry, 89th Division, and stationed at Camp Funston. He left this camp with his company on May 21, 1918, and sailed from an eastern port on June 4, ayriving in England on June 15, 1918. After a short stay at a rest camp there, he proceeded to France. On August 14, he wrote that he was with Battalion Headquarters as Gout Officer, 1st Battalion, 355th Infantry, 89th Division. The last letter received from him, dated September 2, was written in his dugout and contained the following: "Here it is 2.45 a. M. Sitting in a dugout waiting for some patrols to report back in, I am writing this by the light of two candles." He was killed in action on the night of Sept. 3, 1918. The letter of notifi-

Jan 1, 1920

By Huang Zhiwei, Paul Skayman, Kevin Holley

In 1989 The First Brigade for Geology and Mineral Exploration of Qinghai Province discovered gold at Jinlonggou and Qinlongtan, Tanjianshan. Between 1992 and 2002 small scale mining was carried out at these sites using underground mining methods at Jinlonggou and an open pit at Qinlongtan. During 2003 and 2004 geotechnical investigations were carried out in support of a bankable feasibility study. An important objective of this investigation was to meet both internationally accepted standards and codes of practice, and also to satisfy the Chinese requirements. Extensive use of local experience was utilised. Where possible geological drilling information was incorporated into the assessment. Extensive geotechnical mapping of surface and underground exposures, and index testing to gain an appreciation of rock intact strength were used to characterise the sites. Rock mass classification (MRMR) was used to assess indicative overall slope angles and appropriate bench stack heights for the proposed pits at Jinlonggou and Qinlongtan. Measured discontinuity orientations were used in kinematic analysis to assess stability of possible pit slope geometry at a batter and overall scale to provide preliminary recommendations for the pit slope configuration. Numerical modelling was also carried out to improve the understanding of anticipated pit behaviour. Site investigation and preliminary geotechnical design details, that incorporate site specific conditions for the formation of open pits at Tanjianshan, are discussed in this paper.

Jan 1, 2006

By M. J. McLeod, S. Watters, G. G. Lutes, S. Castonguay

"Gold-bearing mineralization at Anomaly A occurs in polydeformed Ordovician turbidites of the Kendall Mountain Formation of the St. Croix belt in southwestern New Brunswick, and is hosted by WSWtrending, shallow-dipping, brittle-ductile high-strain zones associated with the latest stage of the second of four regional deformation events. Gold-bearing syn-deformational stockwork, massive, and multiply brecciated quartz-sulfide veined zones form irregular pods and sheets up to several meters thick, which contain arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, stibnite, and a variety of rare minerals that are gold-bearing. Mineralized zones are enveloped by locally auriferous, weakly to intensely altered wall rock. Vein paragenesis includes: (1) early (pre- to syn-D2) quartz-chlorite veins that are largely the product of migration of quartz by pressure solution; (2) crosscutting, multiphase, vuggy quartz-sulfide veins that contain most of the gold and are interpreted to be structurally controlled; (3) late, crosscutting, nondeformed, non-gold-bearing veins containing laumontite, chlorite, muscovite, quartz, fluorite, and base metal sulfides. Carbonate-poor alteration associated with zones of gold mineralization is lithology-specific, and appears to reflect overprinting of multiple events. Major elements removed during alteration include Si, Na, Mn, and Mg. The minor and trace elements removed include Co, Li, Sc, and possibly Sr, Ni, and Zn. Minor and trace elements added include Au, Ag, As, Sb, S, and possibly F, Cu, Pb, and Zr. On the basis of proximity, time constraints, and a similar ore mineral assemblage, gold mineralization at Anomaly A is interpreted to be a distal equivalent of the intrusion-related gold mineralization at the nearby Clarence Stream Main zone deposit. La minéralisation aurifère de l’Anomalie A se trouve dans des turbidites Ordoviciennes polydéformées de la Formation de Kendall Mountain, dans la ceinture de Ste-Croix du sud-ouest du Nouveau Brunswick, où elle est contenue dans des zones de déformation fragile-ductile à faible pendage de direction OSO associées au dernier stade du second de quatre épisodes de déformation régionale. Les zones aurifères syn-déformationelles se présentent en forme massive, de stockwork, ou de veines de quartz-sulfure bréchifiées à répétition formant des lentilles irrégulières et des couches de plusieurs mètres d’épaisseur contenant de l’arsénopyrite, de la pyrrhotite, de la pyrite, de la stibine, ainsi que divers minéraux aurifères rares. Les zones minéralisées sont entourées d’une enveloppe de roches faiblement à intensément altérées, localement aurifères. La paragénèse des veines comprend : (1) des veines précoces de quartz-chlorite (pré- à syn-D2) qui sont principalement le produit de la migration du quartz par solution-pression; (2) des veines polyphasées de quartz drusique et de sulfures contenant la plus grande partie de l’or, celles-ci sont considérées comme étant sujettes à un contrôle structural; (3) des veines tardives stériles, sécantes et non déformées contenant de la laumontite, de la chlorite, de la muscovite, du quartz, de la fluorite et des sulfures de métaux usuels. Les zones de minéralisation aurifère sont associées à une faible altération en carbonate contrôlée par la lithologie et semble résulter de la superposition d’événements multiples. Les éléments majeurs perdus durant l’altération sont le Si, le Na, le Mn et le Mg. Les éléments mineurs et traces perdus durant l’altération sont le Co, le Li, le Sc et possiblement le Sr, le Ni et le Zn. Les éléments mineurs et traces enrichis comprennent l’Au, l’Ag, l’As, le Sb, le S et possiblement le F, le Cu, le Pb et le Zr. Étant donné sa proximité géographique, les contraintes temporelles et les similitudes de leurs assemblages minéraux, la minéralisation aurifère de l’Anomalie A est interprétée comme un équivalent distal de la minéralisation aurifère associée aux intrusions du gisement avoisinant de la zone principale (Main"

Jan 1, 2008

By Narendra N. Khatri, Michael Deutscher, Jozef F. Zurawski

Five sewer connections were required to divert Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)from existing outfalls to an old underutilized large diameter brick sewer (the Easterly Interceptor). The connections were part of an on-going CSO control program by the Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District (NEORSD) in the City of Cleveland, Ohio. Each connection was made by pipejacking and hand-mining a fiberglass-reinforced polymer (FRP) pipe through soft glaciolacustrine clays and silts. Jet grouting was utilized to stabilize the soils and fill the voids surrounding the interceptor prior to making the underground connection. Reinforced concrete liners were constructed inside the aging brick sewer to provide structural stability during ground improvements and connection work. The project also involved micro tunneling two approximately400 foot lengths of FRP pipe through soft ground using a slurry pressure balanced machine.

Jan 1, 2005

By J. J. Forbes

The activities of the Bureau of Mines include the development and testing of self-contained oxygen breathing apparatus and other devices for respiratory protection, the development and tasting of devices for detecting dangerous or noxious mine atmospheres, and the training of men in the mineral industries in the use and care of this equipment to enable them to render effective service in mine rescue and recovery operations following mine fires and explosions, or under other conditions where irrespirable gases may be found in mines or mining plants. The first use of self-contained oxygen breathing apparatus for com- bating mine fires and explosions in the United States dates back about 30 years. Previous to that time, exploration for any distance ahead of fresh air was virtually impossible without great risk to life; moreover, the men called upon to render service at mine disasters were not well-versed in the properties and physiological effects of gases likely to be encountered. It was also impossible to work ahead of fresh air to restore ventilation, and if many stoppings were blown out by an explosion, air had to be introduced into whole areas or sections at once without knowledge of the conditions ahead; moving an explosive mixture of methane and air over live fire had to

Jan 1, 1938

By B. W. Vallat

(San Francisco Meeting, October, 1911.) THE Newport mine, located at Ironwood, Gogebic county, Mich., on the Gogebic iron-range, is owned and operated by the Newport Mining Co., for the mining of iron-ore. I. GEOLOGY. The general geology of the Gogebic range has been determined and recorded at different times by well-known geologists,) and their work will be referred to briefly in connection with the local conditions in the mine. The strike of the formation across this property is about 15° north of east. The, general dip is 68° to the north. At the base of the formation on the south lies the granite. Looking north, at right angles to the strike of the formation, we have the foot-wall of quartz-slates and quartzite about 400 ft. wide; the iron-formation about 800 ft. wide, and the hanging-wall of black slates. The iron-formation is composed of banded jasper and quartzite together with iron oxide and concentrations of iron-ore. In character the ore is a soft red hematite, with occasional masses of hard blue "steel ore." The formation is crossed in many places by diorite dikes, which cut through at various angles, the larger or main dikes dipping into the foot-wall in a SE. direction at angles varying from 15° to 30°, while numerous small dikes occur which strike through the formation in a vertical plane and at approximately right angles to the main dikes. There are various theories concerning these dikes, especially as to the time of their origin with relation to the ore-deposition. The commonly-accepted theory is that the dikes were there first, but there are some who contend that they were formed

Nov 1, 1911

By R. Clarkson

"The Yukon's numerous (185) placer gold mines are still a major social and economic force in this developing economy. Gold recovery at each of the various sluiceboxes is not optimized due to extremely difficult sampling logistics and a shortage of technical expertise and industrial research.At each of six operating placer mines, numerous sluicebox tailings samples were collected with hand held sample cutters and combined into large (2-7 cubic yards) duplicate samples. The entire sample volumes were screened and processed on a shaking table to determine gold losses. The existing and potential gold recoveries and recommended sluicebox design and operating parameters are presented.2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe Project Manager gratefully acknowledges the following support for this placer research program:The funding received from the National Research Council's Industrial Research Program, the Canada/Yukon Economic Development Agreement and the Canada Center for Minerals and Energy Technology (CANMET): andThe technical advice provided by Tad Cienski (CANMET), Ron Johnson (KPMA), George Poling (University of B.C.) and Dan Walsh (University of Alaska).3 OBJECTIVESThe objectives of the Gold Recovery Project are to: evaluate gold losses with statistically based sampling programs; determine how to improve gold recovery; assist miners with the recommended technology and make this information available to the entire placer industry."

Jan 1, 1990

The Pinto Valley, Arizona, plant of Cities Service Company is one of the newest copper producers in the United States, having started production in 1975. It is located a few miles west of Miami, Arizona, on the site of the Castle Dome Mine, a World War II operation which was shut down and its mill later moved and renamed the Copper Cities plant. The Pinto Valley concentrator uses six 18 ft (5. 5 m) diameter by 21 ft (6.4 m) long, 4000 hp, single-stage ball mills, taking crushed ore from four 7 ft (2. 13 m) standard and eight 7 ft shorthead crushers. It has a design capacity of 40,000 stpd but has higher tonnage capability for an expanded concentrator. The copper porphyry-ore is mined by two 15 yd and one 20 yd shovels (11.5 and 15.3 cu m) and is transported to the primary crusher by 150-ton trucks. The dump pocket is relatively shallow (14 ft or 4. 27 m deep); and because of the width necessary for the 150-ton trucks, it was designed to use the ore itself instead of manganese steel as an abrasion- resistant lining, although a heavy steel cap protects the dump pocket top edge. The pocket has a capacity of 300 tons of ore. Water sprays under the dumping positions direct a fog toward the truck being dumped for excellent dust control. Breaking of oversize is done by a hydraulic impact breaker mounted on a hydraulically operated articulated arm situated at the side of the dump pocket. Again because of the shallow pocket, no splitter is used to protect the spider of the 60 in. by 89 in. Traylor gyratory crusher, which is equipped with a hydroset mechanism. Crushed ore at 8 in. (203 mm) drops into the 360 st surge chamber lined with AR plate and then is fed directly to the 60 in. (1.52 m) stock- pile conveyor by an 84 in. by 20 ft (2. 13 m by 6.1 m) four-speed apron feeder at a rate of up to 4000 stph. Early in 1977, Cities Service will replace the four -speed electric drive with a hydraulic pump and motor with infinitely variable speed. They are also studying the replacement of the apron feeder with an 8 ft wide (2.44 m) belt feeder similar to those at Similkameen and Palabora. Peak crushing capacity would then be increased to 5000 stph. The AR plate in the crushed ore pocket was installed in large, rectangular sheets which required much less embedded metal to hold it in place than would the more conventional, smaller arid square pieces of cast manganese steel. For duty in the crushed ore pocket, where wear is not severe, the AR plate is a satisfactory material. The new Palabora Figure-8 crusher also uses this design.

Jan 1, 1978

By J Hadijigeorgiou, R. W. Lawrence, R Pouling

The layered co-mingling method involves the disposal of waste rock with the addition, at predefined construction stages, of layers of dewatered mine tailings. The resulting waste structure displays bulk properties that are more favourable to acid rock drainage (ARD) control than the constituent materials alone. A laboratory test programme was conducted to examine the potential of this method. Columns containing different configurations of waste rock and tailings were percolation leached for 40 weeks and the leachates examined for various parameters. In the short term the chemical reactions that result from the introduction of dewatered tailings into rock waste can significantly improve the quality of the drainage. Columns with co-mingled material produced leachate with pH levels of 8, whereas leachate from the control column containing waste rock alone had a pH of 4. Larger-scale field tests are planned to determine the effect of the disposal method over the longer term

Apr 1, 1996

By H. D. Kline

This paper is one of a series being prepared by the Bureau of Mines on methods, practices, and costs in various mining districts in the United States. The paper describes mining and ore recovery methods common to the Batesville manganese district, Independence County, Ark., and gives the costs of producing merchantable ore by three operators whose methods were more or less typical of those of many other local manganese producers. The operating costs reported were those of Leonard Baxter at mines on Brooks Hill for the calendar year 1958 and Arkansas Mining and Exploration Corp. at Section 16 mine and the Searcy group of mines and Miller-McGee Corp. at the Diener mine during the first 6 months of 1959. Manganese are was mined in the district as early as 1849 and almost continuously thereafter until August 1959, when termination of the Government's domestic manganese purchase program resulted in complete cessation of mining activity. During those years, production came from more than 189 mines and properties, of which only a few produced as much as 30,000 tons of merchantable ore.

Jan 1, 1962

By Bernard H. Hertlein

All methods of deep foundation construction present challenges to the contractor and engineer that vary according to the method employed, and the geotechnical conditions in which it is being used. Augered-Cast-In-Place (ACIP) piles are generally regarded as one of the most challenging, because the construction method precludes the use of traditional shaft inspection and quality control techniques. Application of Nondestructive Test (NDT) methods can provide quality control for ACIP shafts that traditional methods cannot, but each NDT method has limitations. These make some NDT methods unsuitable for use on ACIP shafts, and may limit the effectiveness of others, depending on geotechnical conditions. To help contractors and engineers working with ACIP piles select the test method most appropriate to specific site conditions, this paper presents a summary of the major NDT methods currently available, and reviews their capabilities with respect to the unique conditions presented by ACIP pile construction. Case histories illustrate how a combination of careful method selection, skilled data interpretation, and experienced engineering judgment have resolved problems and ensured quality in foundation construction by discriminating between potentially serious defects, and those that are unlikely to be significant.

Jan 1, 1997

By H. R. Weischedel

The art of wire rope inspection has advanced rapidly over the past decade. Present electromagnetic (EM) wire rope inspection instruments provide an important and often vital element of wire rope inspection. Some instruments are easy to operate and offer simple and clear data interpretation. Simultaneously, wire rope inspection and retirement standards are becoming simpler and more lucid. Future guidelines will he easy for inspectors to apply and for rope operators to fulfill. The thrust of evolving regulations is clearly toward periodic EM inspections supported by visual inspections. These development sallow even moderately skilled personnel to perform EM inspections of wire ropes. Therefore, it is now possible and cost effective for wire rope users to have EM and visual inspections performed by in-house personnel. In-house EM inspections have many advantages and offer an excellent return on the initial investment. Since EM inspections can detect rope deterioration in its beginning stage, wire rope users recognize that they are an effective preventive maintenance tool. For instance, the early detection of wear or corrosion allows immediate corrective action. This can easily double, or even triple or quadruple, the service life of a rope.

Jan 1, 1991

By R. W. Chappell, M. W. Hills, R. L. Olsen

A stochastic approach was developed and applied to the Butte, Montana Hillside abandoned mining site for modeling stormwater runoff and subsequent receiving stream loadings. This approach enabled capture and quantification of the uncertainty associated with stormwater quality data and allowed the prediction of copper and zinc concentrations in the receiving stream caused by runoff from the Butte Hillside during storm events. Runoff flows and stormwater concentrations were input to the model as probability distribution functions. Monte Carlo simulation allowed prediction of expected instream concentrations in the form of cumulative distributions functions. The modeling results allowed evaluation of current best management practices (BMPs), targeting of future BMPs, and identification of key data gaps to fill during future sampling activities. This modeling approach is considered extendable to other active and inactive mining sites. Output from a model of this type is easily understood and can be used to communicate effective stormwater management to site regulators. Furthermore, application of this modeling approach will facilitate the development and implementation of a site-specific stormwater management plan and will optimize efforts to achieve standards for compliance with stormwater discharge permits.

Jan 1, 2002

The Australian metallurgical processing industry has shown great innovation and progressiveness over the past ten years. During the same period, exploration activity, particularly by Australian companies, has increased substantially in Indonesia. Following feasibility studies, the decision was made to establish a metallurgical laboratory and design facility in Indonesia. An Indonesian partner was selected, and legal and corporate matters were determined. The laboratory was established but proved far more difficult than a similar undertaking in Australia. Australian and Indonesian staff were recruited and training programs, including training of Indonesian staff in Australia, were implemented. Difficulties of operating in Indonesia included: ò language difficulties ò _ local pace of life ò culture ò communications. Rewards of the decision to establish the means to present the technology to Indonesia have included: ò a contribution to Australia's export of technology. ò an opportunity to expand Normet's client base. ò the opportunity to learn aspects of a foreign culture. ò the means to establish a sound long term investment. This export of technology from the Australian mining industry to Indonesia is an example of the initiatives and capabilities shown by the Australian mining service industry.

Jan 1, 1989