Search Documents

By W. T. Irvine

"The Britannia ore deposits are approximately 20 miles north of Vancouver; and occur in a prominent ridge facing Howe sound. A large ironstained bluff first attracted the serious attention of early prospectors. This; upon investigation; proved to be the outcrop of a large copper orebody. The highest outcrops were 4; 300 feet above sea-level.The original discovery was made in 1888, but no real development took place until 1902. The first mining was done in what came to be known as the Jane orebody, and some production was obtained from this in 1905. Underground exploration led to the discovery of several other orebodies. The first main adit, the 1,050-foot level, was driven to tap the ore at an elevation of 3,300 feet above sea-level. During succeeding years, however, long adits were driven from points lower down on the mountain side. These, with connecting shafts, followed the ore to horizons well below sea-level. The lowest working has now reached to 880 feet below sea-level. The property has been in almost continuous operation since its original exploitation in 1905. Until the end of 1944, 732,414,420 pounds of copper and 261,125 ounces of gold had been produced from the mine."

Jan 1, 1954

By D. J. Buchanan

British Coal's mining research programme is directed towards the strategic objectives of reducing production costs, improving product quality and resolving health, safety and environmental issues. The strategy for R&D is described and selected parts of the programme are reviewed. Two major initiatives are directed towards reducing production costs: geotechnics and automation. Integrated exploration techniques are used to delineate geological structures as an aid to mine planning. Rockbolting is being rapidly introduced and the in situ stress field has been found to be of significant influence. Automation is the subject of a major programme. A strategy for coal quality has been devised. The health, safety and environmental programme concentrates on the traditional hazards together with surface environmental problems.

Jan 12, 1992

By R. V. Wheeler

A MATTER of much concern at present to the coal-mining industry of-Great Britain is the effect of the working of the Coal Mines Act, 1930. This Act, which received the Royal Assent on Aug. 1, 1930, contains five parts: (I) production, supply and sale of coal; (II) the reorganization of the coal-mining industry; (III) hours of work; (IV) the Coal Mines National Industrial Board; (V) general. The first three parts are of major interest and discussion can be confined to them.

Jan 1, 1931

What is the BC AMTA? ?What is an ASEP? ?Who are the partners? ?Critical Success Factors ?Questions/Answers Aboriginal Skills and Employment Program (ASEP) ?A collaborative partnership of industry, employers, post secondary, First Nations and government ?Working together to plan and implement training and education programs ?Demand-driven: targeted JOBS for participants

May 1, 2010

The progress between 1983 and 1989 towards Management Guidelines for R16 was extremely slow and painful because protection of the mining heritage was a new function and administrative activity not referred to in any Queensland mining law. Also, until 2 December 1989 the Queensland political climate was anti-preservation. Therefore an understanding had to be achieved between John Hay, the Mines Department and the National Parks and Wildlife Service, to ensure preservation of the mining machinery in situ rather than being removed to a town site such as in Ravenswood.

Jan 1, 1990

PRESENTATION PURPOSE ? Provide an overview of BC?s Environmental Assessment Actand environmental assessment process ? Identify key issues influencing environmental assessments in BC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ACT ? Major project proposals require an EA before a project can proceed ? Considers potential effects of proposed projects and ways to minimize or avoid adverse effects Minister of Environment and the Minister designated as responsible for project category decide whether or not to certify a project or order further assessment

May 1, 2006

By A. M. Richmond

Introduction The apparent commonplace, and prosaic, nature of building-stones, lime, cement, gypsum, and clay products, and many other miscellaneous non-metallic minerals, such as abrasives, barite, diatomite, magnesite, mica, slate, salts, etc., and their everyday appearance and necessary in our lives, has removed much of the glamour, romance, and speculative attractiveness so frequently associated with our gold, silver, lead, zinc, and copper mining ventures. However, it will be readily appreciated, with but a brief study of the thirty-five or more non-metallic minerals and products which are mined, prepared, or are known to occur, in British Columbia, that the 'industrial minerals' industry in the Province has an abundance of interesting technical problems, is fraught with speculative possibilities, and, as such, fully deserves much more technical attention than it has hitherro received. The brief notes presented in this paper show, in summary form, the magnitude of the British Columbia industrial and non-metallic mineral industry; outline in synoptically form the principal deposits of non-metallic minerals presently known; and indicate in a general way a few of the possibilities which exist in the Province for the expansion of the industry. For convenience in presentation, the assembled material has been divided into four sections: 1.-Sraristical information 2.-Strucrural non-metallic minerals 3.-Miscellaneous non-metallic minerals 4.-Non-Metallic mineral possibilities in British Columbia 1. -Statistical Information The writer does not propose to dwell at length on the statistical comparisons and deductions which may be drawn from the four tables which have been compiled for this section of the paper, nor is it considered essential, as the figures present a most emphatic story in themselves.

Jan 1, 1935

By George W. Harris

In the earlier period of anthracite-mining, much coal was wasted, both underground and in the culm-banks on the surface. Such waste is common in the development of new mining-districts, in which, as a rule, only the richest material can be profitably treated. In the anthracite-region, special causes operated to increase this evil. The mines were generally worked under 20-year leases, and royalties were paid upon such coal only as was actually marketed. The lessees consequently cared for immediate profit solely. They were not bound to win all the coal they exposed, or to leave it in such condition that their successors could win it. Nor was it their interest or duty to educate consumers in the use of their product. The market called for coal of large sizes; and such coal they furnished, throwing away the rest. Any pains taken by them to bring about a more rational use of coal by their consumers would have borne fruit, after their leases had expired, to the benefit of somebody else. A full statement of the situation was given in 1893, in the report of the State Commission, appointed in 1889 to investigate the subject.' That body included the names of Heber S. Thompson, William Griffith and the late Eckley B. Coxe.2 Its report gives special attention to the utilization of the old culm-banks.

Jan 1, 1906

By Thomas Leonard Watson

Jan 1, 1906

By G. R. Heffernan

"IntroductionTHE PURPOSE of this paper is to give a •brief history of iron and steel in British Columbia, a quick look at the present operations of Western Canada Steel, Limited, a review of iron ore resources and iron and steel markets, and a projection of what the future might hold for the industry in British Columbia.From the Past to the PresentWhile the paper is entitled Past, Present, and Future, in covering the past, which we shall call the time prior to 1947, there is very little to be said. Small shipments of iron ore were made from the Texada deposits by the Puget Sound Iron Company from 1886 to 1907. Total ore shipped did not exceed 70,000 tons. Part of this is believed to have been used in building a United States battleship in 1907 in the Bremerton Naval Yards in Seattle, Washington.In 1914 a small steel mill was started on Lulu island, rolling bars from •box piles and used shafting. This mill operated spasmodically for a few years but finally burned down in 1921. The rolling mill stands were sold to China and are no doubt in operation in China today.In 1916 the City of Port Moody assisted in the financing of a mill which operated on re-roll rails, box piles, and steel ingots made in an experimental electric furnace in Port Moody. This furnace also produced small quantities of pig iron scrap. The backers of the Port Moody mill showed a great deal of enterprise and must have been a very forward looking group, since this was one of the first recorded applications of the electric furnace to small ingot production. Despite their enterprise, the operation was unsuccessful and terminated in 1921."

Jan 1, 1953

By E. C. Harder

BRITISH Guiana, Great Britain's only South American colony, may be reached by very comfortable steamers, both from North America and Europe. The trip from North American Atlantic ports requires about 12 to 14 days; that from Europe about 18 to 20 days. A number of steamship lines, including Canadian, American, and Dutch, have regular sailings between North America and British Guiana, with calls en route at various interesting ports in the West Indies and northern South America. Moreover, several lines, including British, German, and French, have steamships operating regularly between Europe and the West Indies. Indeed, so popular have the West Indian voyages become in recent years that, during the winter months, special cruises in considerable number are organized for many vessels that ply in the trans-Atlantic service in the summer. A trip to British Guiana, therefore, has become a delightful experience. After visits at the various attractive Leeward and Windward islands and Trinidad, the approach to the low, flat, British Guiana coast, with its muddy coastal waters extending for many miles offshore, is somewhat of a contrast. Arrival in Guiana waters is signalled by the appearance of the modern high-power Demerara Light, located "on a shoal about twelve miles from the mouth of Demerara river. From this point, if the tide is right, a pilot takes the steamer across the bar, eight to ten miles offshore, and into Georgetown harbour. At high tide, the water above the bar ranges from 15 to 18 feet in depth, depending on whether it is neap tide or spring tide; at low tide, the corresponding depths are 9 to 11 feet. As the bar is of soft mud, however, it is usually possible for vessels to pass over it with a draught of about two feet in excess of that indicated by the tide tables. Upon nearing the shore, one sees first the Georgetown wireless towers, then the light-house and the tall chimneys of sugar mills and of various factories in Georgetown, and finally the palms and other tropical trees and the houses of Georgetown itself along the sea shore and the east bank of Demerara river. Extensive wharves operated by various exporting and importing companies stretch along the river bank and activity prevails in Georgetown harbour. The principal exports are sugar, rice, gold, diamonds, bauxite, balata, lumber, fruit and other tropical products. The imports are food-stuffs, wearing apparel, and manufactured materials of many kinds.

Jan 1, 1936

By Lloyd Emory

THE region known as. Guyana or Guiana stretches along the north coast of South America from the mouth of the Orinoco River in Venezuela to the mouth of the Amazon River in Brazil. Politically, it is divided into British, Dutch, and French Guiana, extend¬ ing into Venezuela on the north and into Brazil on the south. Because the area is within the sweep of the northeast trade winds and of approximately the same latitude, plant' and animal life are fairly uniform throughout. The geology is very similar as far as the northern coast is concerned. The drainage is taken care of by a number of large rivers that flow northward directly into the sea. The Courantyne River, which roughly divides the area into half, is the eastern boundary of British Guiana.1 The lower reaches of this river are also the center axis of an ancient bay that at one time indented the coast-line at this point. The old shore-line and, in fact, successive shore-lines can be traced from near the present coast-line in, the northwest district of British-Guiana, south-east and inland, crossing the Essequibo River near Dahli, the Demerara near Christianburg, the Berbice at the mouth of the Kuruduni River and the Courantyne at Vaka-Kuyaha Falls. The line then swings around to the northeast and again approaches the coast near St. Lau-rent in French Guiana. This article will be confined to British Guiana and largely to the valley of the Demerara River, but for geographic names .and topographic details it might, however, apply to Dutch Guiana as well. British Guiana, which comprises about 90,000 sq. mi. and is as large as England, Scotland, and Wales combined, may be divided into three belts, the alluvial belt or coastal plain, the foot-hill area (often spoken of as the sand clay belt), and the hinterland.

Jan 1, 1928

By Sir John Cadman

IN THE changed circumstances which now confront the world, an international open-door policy is the only way to keep pace with the world's demand for oil. You may rest assured that as far as the British Empire is concerned, American capital for the develop-ment of oil resources is welcome, and little obstruction will be found in the way to permit the use of foreign capital in the group of countries which constitute the British Empire. In the war days we worked in close cooperation and harmony, but in disbandment of the Petroleum War Service Committee, when the war ended, I feel that it left its task unfinished. In the wake of war there appeared a ghost of war-time conditions in the form of belief that Great Britain was straining to corner the petroleum resources of the world. I am certain that if the war-service committee had continued its work in the period of reconstruction the real story would be known and this sinister ghost would have long since vanished before the truth.

Jan 2, 1922

By H. G. Denkhaus

Comment on ?The evaluation of rock brittleness concept on rotary blast hole drills? in the Journal of SAIMM, vol 102. no. 1. pp. 61?66 Comment on ?Correlation of specific energy with rock brittleness concepts on rock cutting? in the Journal of SAIMM, vol 103. no. 3. pp. 163?171by R. Altindag Foreword Some thirty years ago it was almost customary that articles in South African technical and scientific journals were followed up by discussions in which the reader(s) expressed criticism and/or added to the information contained in the article. This custom has obviously died out, be it that the articles are nowadays of such a high standard that nothing can be added or be it that the receivers of the Journal suffer from an information inflation and do not read the articles anymore. I now have the temerity to offer a discussion to an article that recently appeared in the journal, namely ?The evaluation of rock brittleness concept on rotary blast hole drills? by R. Altindag (J.S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall., vol, 102(2002), pp. 61?66.

Jan 1, 2003

By C. L. Dake

AN insistent and steadily growing demand is evident for the broadening of undergraduate curricula in engineering. Among suggested additions are training in public speaking, report writing, business law and contracts, accounting, finance, money and banking, scientific management, economics, social and labor problems, psychology, and ethics. The demand for these subjects comes from the older engineers and from the industries that employ our graduates. Of course, many of the men who suggest such changes are influenced largely by their personal needs and contacts, but the demand is sufficiently widespread to merit serious study by educators. In fact, many educators themselves concur in the proposals for broader training. These matters were examined intensively a few years ago in an exhaustive study of engineering education. Opinion at that time was rather strongly against any profound change. Since then, however, the whole economic system has undergone violent disruption. Even if recommendations made a few years ago were appropriate to the conditions then- obtaining, the enormously changed conditions of the present make advisable a further careful study of this problem. In recent years, mergers, to reduce costs, have sharply limited the number of engineers employed and have thereby intensified the struggle to secure positions. In this stiffer competition, engineers with the most adequate training undoubtedly fare the best.

Jan 1, 1934

By Mike Muchard

A design phase load test program was performed at the Broadway Viaduct bridge site to evaluate load carrying capacity and constructability of post grouted drilled shafts. The program included construction, instrumentation, post grouting and load testing of three drilled shafts. Two shafts included sleeve port and plate base grouting apparatus and were post grouted. The third shaft was un-grouted and served as a control shaft for comparison of the un-grouted end bearing. The shafts were 5 feet in diameter with the control shaft at 55 feet in length and post grouted shafts at 55 and 66 feet. SPT borings at the centerline of each test shaft defined geotechnical conditions at each shaft. Test shafts were instrumented with strain gages and concrete integrity was evaluated with crosshole sonic logging. Instrumentation and data acquisition was used during the post grouting operation to fully capture the shaft behavior. Finally, Statnamic load testing was performed on all three shafts to their ultimate capacity. The fine to coarse sandy soils in which the shafts were tipped in were well suited to improvement from post grouting. Grout pressures of 660 psi were achieved with 0.08 inch or less of upward shaft movement. Subsequent Statnamic load tests showed 183 to 192 percent greater end bearing in the post grouted shafts as compared to the un-grouted shaft. The overall result showed a potential savings of approximately 9 feet to 35 feet of drilled shaft length in addition to the increased quality assurance from post grouting.

Jan 1, 2009

By S. Mafi

The Broken Aro project is associated with a 1910 abandoned underground mine complex that has been discharging aeid mine drainage from entries, seeps and springs. The Ohio Department of Natural Resources(ODNR), R&F Coal Company (R&F) and American Electric Power (AEP) are involved with this unique project that will remine the abandoned underground complex and install a mine seal constructed of fixated flue gas desulfurization (FGD) material. The goal of the project is to eliminate or reduce the acid mine drainage that is discharging into the watershed. This paper discusses remining, installation of the FGD mine seal, government financed reclamation projects and future application to active and abandoned mining sites.

Jan 1, 1998

By A. L. W. Lips, B. P. J. Stevens, T. J. R. Barclay, E. Rothery, S. H. White

Discussion by B.P.J. Stevens of the paper, published in Trans. IMMA, vol.104, 1995, p.B1-B17, is presented together with the authors' response. Stevens questions the authors' radically different interpretation of the structural geology of the Broken Hill Block, considering that the descriptive part of the paper is a useful addition but that the conclusions are unwarranted on the basis of the data presented. A number of major points of disagreement are outlined and half a dozen additional minor points listed. In response, the authors admire Stevens's contribution to unravelling the geology of the area but defend their attempts to take the regional studies a step further, pointing out that he has misquoted what they wrote and arguing that because of the assumptions underpinning the derivation of the present stratigraphy it cannot be used to constrain structural models. With regard to shear zones, they cite the extensive earlier literature and refer to horizontal displacements shown on maps produced by Stevens et al. Detailed discussion follows of the stratigraphy and of the stratigraphic correlation problems resulting from failure to recognise the presence and significance of shears, particularly those parallel to stratigraphy. The remobilised position of the Pb mineralisation in the North Mine open cut is reiterated. It is concluded that there is an urgent need for systematic isotopic dating in the area to constrain the stratigraphy

Apr 1, 1996

By A. L. W. Lips, B. P. J. Stevens, T. J. R. Bareley, E. Rothery, S. H. White

B.P.J. Stevens contributes a further response to the authors' earlier lengthy reply regarding their paper published in Trans.IMM B, vol.104, 1995, p.B1-B17, contending that despite the positive contribution clarifying their interpretations they perpetrate some misquotations, attempt to rewrite history and fail to understand the New South Wales Geological Survey's stratigraphic interpretation of the Broken Hill area. The paper's authors, in their further response, robustly defend their views, insisting that Stevens tends to misquote or take out of context what they have written and reiterating their findings that Zn is tectonically stacked above Pb at the north end of the orebody, that the written development of the stratigraphic interpretation is as they have stated, that shearing has attenuated or removed fold limbs in the Broken Hill block and that the 1:100 000 stratigraphic map reveals that magnetic anomalies are oblique to and truncated by the Geological Survey's interpreted stratigraphic boundaries

Jun 19, 1905

A review is given of the development of the author's ideas on the relationship of ore occurrence to regional dislocations in the earth's crust, presently identifiable in particular areas as linear discontinuities in patterns of geological and geophysical data. Ideas originating from field observations in Broken Hill were developed in conjunction with three-dimensional kinematic deformation models which were devised to simulate rock structures, and to illustrate their response to assumed linear and planar movements at the scale of mine and regional geology. These led to the study of linear features in the pattern of Broken Hill district geology, and to the observation that the Broken Hill lode occupies a "cross-roads" position at the intersection of regional geological lineaments where they cross through and deflect the host rocks. A genetic association was therefore proposed. The recognition of significant regional lineaments requires special techniques and treatments of field data originally developed for the Broken Hill situation. The subsequent application of the work to the Western Australian shield revealed that known major nickel and gold deposits also occur where the host rocks are crossed by one or more regional lineaments. These lineaments were recognised as part of a continental tectonic pattern of major linear trends with which major ore deposits are associated. The ideas were later used in exploration leading to the discovery of the Olympic Dam deposit at Roxby Downs, South Australia, which is related to regional lineaments.

Jan 1, 1983