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By J. H. E. Jeffes, C. Diaz

The heat balance and chemical equilibria involved in the production of blister copper from a chalcopyrite concentrate in a single operation are examined. It appears that two stages—one oxidising and one reducing—will be required. The analysis indicates that on thermal grounds the process is possible with a dry, high-grade chalcopyrite concentrate, if oxygen enrichment to about 30 per cent is used, but that copper losses in the slag will be serious and will require a secondary recovery operation. More extensive data on the activities of copper oxide in slags are required to elucidate this point more effectively

Dec 1, 1971

By C. C. Harris

The two best known graphical methods for presenting and comparing comminution data are obtained by linearising the Gates-Gaudin-Schuhmann and the Rosin-Rammler size distribution equations. It is shown that the Gates-Gaudin-Schuhmann equation can cause excessive congestion in the 50 per cent oversize range and that, overall, the Rosin-Rammler is a better procedure. Examples are given

Dec 1, 1971

By P Shead, M A. Tuck

Both climate and methane control have been a prime concern in the development of the workings within the Deep Soft seam at Harworth Colliery. This paper describes the numerous methods employed over the past 15 years to effect control over these two major environmental pollutants at Harworth and describes a future method of working which will enable the output levels required to be achieved, whilst effecting the required level of both climatic and methane control. Firstly, the paper gives a broad historical overview of the steps taken since 1981, when production started in the Deep Soft seam at Harworth Colliery, to effect control over the main environmental pollutants in the seam. Secondly, the paper details the results of planning exercises undertaken to assess the various options with respect to panel layout, to achieve environmental control in future production districts. Finally, the recommended method of panel design to achieve the levels of production required is detailed.

Jan 7, 1997

By R. Macleod, G. G. Bursey, T. R. C. Aston, J. E. Gale

In 1991 the problems of water inflow at the mine were addressed by a three-phase study. A three-dimensional finite-element computer code, CFEST (Coupled Fluid, Energy and Solute Transport), was used to model the system of groundwater flow around the mine, allowing assessment of the nature of the hydrological regime and of the various recharge mechanisms and sources of inflow. A regional (111 km2) model was used to simulate conditions of low to average mine inflow and provide boundary conditions for the subsequent local (16.8 km2) model. The regional model produced inflows of 0.26 m3/s and the local model 0.25 m3/s. With the use of constant head conditions to simulate a saturated flood plain along the Gays River and on doubling the rate of surface recharge, the local model produced a maximum mine inflow of 0.255 m3/s, in contrast to a measured peak mine inflow of 0.37 m3/s. The discrepancy suggests that during periods of high river level surface water gains access to features with high permeability, such as sinkholes, that may be connected directly or indirectly to the mine workings. Improved simulation of high inflow conditions can probably be achieved by determining the hydraulic conductivity of the river-bed and flood-plain sediments and modelling known sinkholes as discrete units. Possibilities for controlling the amount of inflow to the mine include sealing the flood plain with dykes, checking regularly for new sinkholes, which should be filled and capped, maintaining adequate mine drainage, and monitoring well levels and pressures on a continuous basis.

Jan 12, 1993

By J. Plant

Stream-sediment sampling undertaken to define the regional geochemistry of northern Scotland is described with particular reference to the errors involved. The region is underlain essentially by Moine schists, Caledonian granites and Old Red Sandstone sediments, which are generally characterized by low geochemical relief. Factors in the secondary environment obscure the relationship between trace-metal concentrations in stream sediments and bedrock geology. Investigation of sampling and sample preparation methods indicates that the -100-mesh material is the optimum size fraction for the regional survey of this area: it provides adequate geochemical contrast: it reduced the incidence of spurious high values in the samples investigated and it is available in amounts which are adequate for all the analyses required. Grinding samples improves precision and reduces the preferential volatilisation of metals coprecipitated with hydrous manganese and iron oxides for the optical emission spectroscopic method used initially. A study of the dispersion of metals in the drainage system of an area of Pb-Ba-Mo mineralisation and an area of U-Pb mineralisation, respectively, indicates that a sampling interval of 1 per 2 km2 based on second- or third-order streams is adequate to define anomalous metal concentrations. Regional variation can also be represented on the same interval. Modifications to the sampling procedure to reduce the effects of the secondary environment are complicated by the primary association of Mn and Fe with mineralisation in the area. The ratio of analytical and sampling error to regional variance shows that procedural precision is adequate to prepare regional geochemical maps of northern Scotland, with the exception of Cr, Cu at low concentrations and Pb.

Dec 1, 1971

By J. Coxon, G. W. Walker

The paper describes the discovery, location and events concerning three types of heating which have occurred in recent years: a) in a district being salvaged, b) in the shaft pillar at an air-crossing, and c) in the gate side of a production district, all of which have occurred in the Beeston Seam at collieries in the deeper eastern part of the area. The paper describes the precautions, air sampling arrangements, training methods and codes of practice which have been adopted at collieries where spontaneous combustion is, or is likely to be, a hazard. The air samples taken from behind the stoppings following the sealing off of the salvaging district are examined and interpreted. The problem of effectively sealing off where more than two stoppings are required is made apparent. Other lessons have been learned as a result of these heatings and are described in the paper.

May 23, 1905

By J. V. Wood, P. Davies, J. L. F. Kellie

A new range of wear-resistant materials is being produced by technology that has been used to develop high performance metal-matrix composites. These include steels and aluminium alloys that can be made as sheet, plate, rod or bar. The incorporation of hard, wear-resistant particles in an alloy matrix is achieved by reactive casting, spray deposition and powder metallurgical techniques. For example, large particles of TiC can be homogeneously distributed in steel during casting and the subsequent product can easily be rolled to plate. Similarly, up to 20% alumina particles and SiC can be injected, respectively, into steel and wear-resistant aluminium alloys by spray deposition. The current state of development of the process is reviewed and indications are given of the projected applications of such materials.

Jan 12, 1992

By B. D. Rayment, J. D. Wilson, G. R. Davis

Wheal Jane, situated between Truro and the Carnmenellis granite, is under development by Consolidated Gold Fields, Ltd., as a tin producer. The main or B lode comprises a complex cassiterite-sulphide ore located in shear zones along the footwall of the lowest of a series of porphyry dykes (elvans) which strike ENE and dip 35° north. Minor mineralisation follows other elvan contacts and sets of later steeply dipping fractures. The localisation and overall geometry of the deposit is explained in terms of the complex structural geology of the Lower Palaeozoic metasediments and the shape and manner of emplacement of the invading Hercynian granite of Cornwall. Variations in the thickness and grade of the orebody, and in the nature of the mineralisation, are shown to be structurally controlled by undulations of the footwall contact of the B elvan. Wallrock sericitisation is present and is applied in exploration for ore

Dec 1, 1971

By NA NA

Stamler Corporation manufactures of mining machinery and material handling equipment specialising in Feeder-Breakers to the mining and quarrying industries.

Jan 9, 1996

By T. Guerin

More than 370 million litres of oil leak from hydraulic equipment every year, excluding all other sources of plant fluid losses. This item analyses the causes of fluid spills from plants and equipment on resource construction sites, and offers some possible solutions.

Apr 1, 2015

Papers submitted at the 8 ordinary general meetings are listed and details given of the proceedings of the annual general meeting held on 20 May 1971

Dec 1, 1971

By NA NA

A round up of recent industry matters. Davis Derby acquisition of Safecom UEP Ltd. Record Output by Longannet Mine.

Jan 7, 1997

By Q. H. Liao, B. G. Monaghan

The options for designing slopes in complex geological conditions are reviewed. It is shown that modelling, especially numerical modelling, allows a degree of analysis that cannot otherwise be achieved. Examples are presented of how numerical modelling can be used to investigate fundamental aspects of rock mass behaviour. It is demonstrated that an important consequence of change in scale is that the mechanisms of failure also change. The complex failure of the footwall slope at Aznalcollar, a large open-pit mine in southern Spain, is discussed. Numerical modelling with UDEC (universal distinct-element code) has allowed the realistic simulation of displacements measured in the field

Jun 18, 1905

By P J. Borrington

Offering 1000 hour salt spray protection, the KEYCOAT 1000 coating presents no chipping, cracking or deformation when hammered or flexed through 90 degrees or more. This cost-effective metal protection system features lubrication performance equal to molybdenum disulphide and Poly Tetra Fluoro Ethylene (PTFE) grease providing complete anti-seize protection whilst aiding assembly and disassembly. In addition, the coating is impervious to acids, alkalis, solvents and attack by oils and all fuels. KEYCOAT 1000 has been exhaustively tested in three main industry sectors - automotive, heavy earthinoving vehicles and chemical - where it lias been proven to outperform conventional systems in all respects and as the film formed is less than one thousandth of an inch thick (typically 20 microns), it rarely presents the engineer with any tolerance difficulties. KEYCOAT 1000 is one of a w ide family of products which offer protection and lubrication to a wide industry base, from aerospace to food and with temperatures ranging from minus 190 C to plus 30 C.

Jan 4, 1997

By M. Riddell

This paper describes the incipient heatings that occurred below ground in the High Main and Main seams at the mine between the years 1963 and 1966. The possible causes, effects and activities associated with such heatings are discussed in an attempt to establish the precautions necessary to minimize such occurrences. The assessment of as many "norms" as possible is made to enable the earliest detection and level of activity to be determined.

May 23, 1905

By N T. Byrom

This paper is essentially in two parts. It describes how risk assessment fits into the overall framework of the activities required to control risk effectively within an occupational health and safety (OH&S) management system. It then goes on to describe the assessment of an OH&S system by the process of auditing.

Jan 7, 1996

Thermodynamical data of importance in connection with copper smelting have been reviewed and a collection of the most reliable information is presented in Tables XXV-XXVIII and Figs. 67 and 6 8 (folding plate). The data given in these figures and tables consists of (i) graphs and equations showing the variations in the temperature range 0-2000°C. of the standard free energies of formation of most of the oxides and sulphides met with in copper smelting (Table XXV and Fig. 67); (ii) equations showing the temperature variation of the free energy of formation of iron silicates (Table XXVI); (iii) graphs showing the variation with temperature in the range 1000°-1600°C. of the standard free energies of the principal reactions occurring in the smelter (Fig. 6 8 ); (iv) the standard heats of formation at 1200°C. of the main iron and copper compounds and gases reacting in the smelter (Table XXVII); (v) the standard heats of reaction at 1200°C. of a few of the reactions for which the free energy relationships were given in Fig. 6 8 (Table XXVIII). The data presented are discussed in more detail.

Jan 1, 1953

By J. Cech

Discussion is presented of a decision-making support method for the spacing of ore passes along a long vein orebody and the division of the orebody into convenient stopes for future mining operations. The method was tested on a Slovak siderite deposit and also on some hypothetical cases with the objective of obtaining more general results

Jun 18, 1905

By Ruddle R. W.

An outline account is given of the smelting of copper and the chemistry of the process. A table provides compositions of the more important minerals from which copper is won by smelting. Roasting is discussed as is smelting using reverberatory furnaces, blast furnaces and flash smelting. A brief discussion of converting covers the upright (Great Falls) converter and the horizontal (Peirce-Smith) converter.

Jan 1, 1953

Discussion following the presentation at the North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers' general meeting held in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 8th April 1916, included the author's introduction, written contributions by Bedson P.P., Gregory T.W.D. and Morgan J.D., oral contributions by Louis H., Greener T.Y. and Severs W., and the author's reply

Dec 1, 1916