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By J. B. Kwon

For improvement in the productivity of tall building projects, table formwork is one of the main methods that have been adopted for slab formwork. Because the table formwork method is an equipment-oriented construction method, the type of lifting equipment and method of operation considerably affects the productivity and cost of the table formwork. It is also important to make an equipment input plan for completing the table formwork within the time given, according to the structural construction cycle. For performing the table formwork, a tower crane or an independent lifting system, and shifting trolleys, are required. However, if an inefficient equipment input plan is made, exorbitant cost may be incurred. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the productivity of a table formwork, considering the type and number of lifting equipment and the number of trolleys inputted, and to suggest quantitative data for making a cost-efficient equipment input plan within the construction duration given. It is expected that the results of this research will be utilized as a basis for cost-efficient equipment input planning.

Aug 1, 2013

By D. Atkinson

"Porphyry molybdenum-tungsten mineralization on the east flank of Hudson Bay Mountain crops out over 5 km2 and is intersected to depths of 2 km. Features such as a hornblende-biotite aureole, mineralogical zoning and dike, vein and fracture geometries within lithologies of the Middle to Lower Jurassic Hazelton Group and Cretaceous Skeena Group reflect an intrusive complex, the Upper Cretaceous to Early Tertiary Hudson Bay Mountain stock which has been intersected by drill holes. The stock is believed to be the mineralizing agent. A southeast-dipping granodiorite sill has been outlined by drilling within the Hazelton Group. Molybdenite and scheelite veins cut all rock types; however, the granodiorite sill hosts a higher density of fine-grained, banded, quartz-molybdenite and pegmatitic quartz-molybdenite veins reflecting a competency contrast between the intrusive sill and other country rock. Due to the relative abundance of these veins, grade is higher within areas of the sill. Above the 15000£ cross-cut 20.6 million tonnes grading 0.401% MoS2 and 0.041% W03 have been defined. During exploration of the deposit sampling procedures had to be adjusted because of the nugget effect attributed to drill intersections of banded and pegmatitic veins.IntroductionMolybdenite was discovered in outcrop at the foot of Kathlyn Glacier on Hudson Bay Mountain and first reported by the Geological Survey of Canada in 1944. The deposit has several names: Hudson Bay Mountain or Glacier Gulch, both after its location, and Yorke-Hardy after the original staker.The deposit is on the east flank of Hudson Bay Mountain, 9 km northwest of Smithers, west-central British Columbia, within NTS area 93L/14 (54° 49' North, 127° 18' West, Fig. 1). Hudson Bay Mountain, on the southern edge of the Bulkley Valley, is a dominant topographical feature reaching 2590 m elevation. Mineralization is partly overlain by the Kathyln Glacier which is visible from Highway 16. Access to the 3100 m of underground development is from a portal at 1066 m elevation on the east slope of Hudson Bay Mountain."

Jan 1, 1995

By M. Narita, S. Nakayama, M. Fujihara

Hibi Kyodo Smelting Co., Ltd. was founded in 1968 and celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2018. In 1972, we started producing copper cathode with a production capacity of 84 KTPY. Since the company founding, we have undertaken seven expansion projects, and our current copper-cathode production capacity is 290 KTPY. To increase our production efficiency, two tank houses were converted from Conventional process to ISA process in 2006 and 2014. In another investment, we equipped a continuous glue dosing system, which allowed for strict additive-concentration control, yielded quality improvements and reduced the power-consumption rate. Along with an increase in the production of copper cathode, the amount of impurities eluted from the anode increases. To solve this problem, the chelate-resin purification process that was introduced in 1983 was renovated, and impurities could be recovered more efficiently. In this paper, we report various improvements that have been implemented at the refinery since 2000. INTRODUCTION Tamano Smelter and Refinery of Hibi Kyodo Smelting Co., Ltd., founded in 1968, celebrated the 50th anniversary of its founding in 2018. The Tamano Smelter opened its No. 1 tankhouse in 1972, and began operating No. 2 tankhouse in 1984. Thereafter, with continuous production increases and technical improvements, electrolytic copper production was increased from 84 KTPY to 290 KTPY as shown in Figure 1. Table 1 shows the major operating facilities and operation data in 2017.In this paper, details of equipment introduced to continuously dissolve and add glue, various improvements made to the chelate resin process, enhancements made to the crude Ni sulfate process, and another vibrating screen introduced to the copper slime processing flow in accordance with the expansion of copper production capacity since 2000 are reported.

Jan 1, 2019

By Jun Dai

Based upon research findings from several countries, the combination of microwave and mechanical means to break hard rock holds promise for the future. To achieve this goal, it is essential to understand the laws governing strength reduction of hard rock, such as granite, induced by microwave irradiation. Two aspects to consider are: 1) laws associated with the tensile strength of hard rock after microwave irradiation and 2) the sensitivity of different types of rock strengths to microwave energy. In this study, granite with a range of tensile strengths was exposed to microwaves for various time periods to compare the response of rocks with different strength values exposed to the same microwave irradiation. In addition, a method based on hotspots is presented to explain the mechanism by which granite strength is reduced by microwave irradiation. Granite extracted from Qinling Mountain in Shaanxi Province, China is used in the research. ?50 × 50 mm cylindrical granite specimens were exposed to microwaves at a specific power level. The strength values of the heated granite specimens were compared with those of unheated specimens. Through the comparison and analyses, relationships were determined between 1) reduction in granite strength and microwave irradiation time period, and 2) granite strength and sensitivity to a given energy of microwave irradiation. Finally, a mechanism to explain the experimental results is proposed. Research findings will aid in the design of a microwave + machine rock-breaking system for use in rock breakage in underground mines at depth and for future mine applications on earth and other planets. In addition, the experimental approach could be used to test other rock types to further our understanding of rock damage induced by microwave irradiation.

Aug 1, 2013

By F. Chiesa

The permanent mould process, which is a favoured process for producing premium quality aluminium casting, is rarely used to produce magnesium alloy parts. This may be attributed different factors such as: the reservation with which the automotive industry considers using magnesium in structural castings; also the relative hot shortness of most magnesium alloys when compared to aluminium A356/357 is another factor. A third reason stems from the fact that the "heat content" of magnesium is much less than that of aluminium, resulting in the difficulty, for a relatively slow process such as permanent mould (versus pressure die casting), to reach a mould dynamic equilibrium temperature sufficiently high to avoid premature freezing and misruns. The present work will address this problem by carrying out controlled cycling of a laboratory mould, poured with aluminium and magnesium alloys. The influence of insulation of the mould and artificial electric heating on the run-in mould temperature will be determined experimentally. A thermal model will be sought for these thermal devices that will allow to predict the thermal behaviour of moulds of different geometry before a single casting is poured. The model will be tested on an industrial casting in a workshop environment.

Jan 1, 2006

By Norman R. Ball

"Many people in the mining and metallurgical industries were brought up to embrace Henry Ford's pronouncement that ""History is bunk"" but it is not generally known that the same Henry Ford created and paid for one of the finest technological museums in the Western World. I am aware that many people feel that industry history is something you ask aging executives to do or that history is a clip-andpaste compendium of pictures re-discovered every 25 years or on the occasion of issuing a press release on plant expansion. Moreover, there are many who fear historians as somewhat deranged individuals interested only in corruption, injustice and sensational labour strife. Good history lies somewhere between the controlled P.R. handout and the hysterical attack. Writing good history is a difficult creative act based on the application of experience, insight, wide knowledge and careful reasoning to available evidence. To date, the Canadian mining and metallurgical industries have achieved a great deal but left too little evidence and it is this lack of evidence which must be corrected before it is too late. It is the purpose of this article to stimulate thoughts with regard to archives, one of the more important vehicles for the preservation of such evidence."

Jan 1, 1999

By A. J. Baer

"DEFINITION OF THE REGION AND ITS BOUNDARIESTHE EXPOSED PART OF THE GRENVILLE PROVINCE is the southeastern part of the Canadian Shield, characterized by crystalline rocks with K-Ar ages of about 1,000 million years. Its Canadian portion is bounded on the southwest by Georgian Bay •and by Paleozoic sediments south of a line passing through Orillia and Kingston, on the southeast by the St. Lawrence River valley and the north shore of the Gulf of the St. Lawrence, on the east by the coast of Labrador and on the northwest by the Grenville front, a linear tec-tonic feature that is a metamorphic transition zone and/or a fault. Rocks located to the southeast of the front have younger K-Ar radiom€tric ages than rocks located to the northwest of it.The region is formed of complexly deformed and highly metamorphosed crystalline rocks and in part differs from other areas of the Canadian Shield by the presence of large amounts of crystalline limestone and bodies of anorthosite."

Jan 1, 1970

By S. Hill

For a mining operation, the determination of the best place to build haul roads is typically done by hand, or with the assistance of rudimentary shortest path optimisation algorithms. Straight line, point to point, modelling of costs is often used with distances multiplied by constants that are based on rise of the road between the points. Failings of this approach are that straight line approximations are notoriously poor as they do not take into account areas where a truck cannot travel. In addition, the rise and fall of the road may vary considerably over the truck journey meaning acceleration/deceleration and varying truck speeds are not taken into account. Lastly, the use of rudimentary optimisation algorithms means properties a truck must obey such as minimum turning circles, line of sight restrictions or even that the truck must travel forward at all times are not taken into account. Thus solutions generated may not be feasible, let alone optimal. In this paper we discuss a state of the art parallel Artificial Intelligence tree search technique for solving haul road location problems. As well as the above properties, factors such as road utilisation, cut and fill, and construction costs are taken into account. The combination of advanced modelling and fast computing and optimisation techniques produces significant benefits both in terms of time to generate roads and cost savings. Preliminary results where this method has been used are discussed.

Aug 1, 2013

By C. R. Ross

"The purpose of this paper is to review the activities of international organizations concerned with the problem of dust hazards in mines and to indicate the extent of Canadian participation in these activities. The work of the International Labour Office in sponsoring conferences and reports on the appraisal and control of dust hazards and in the development of standard radio-logical classifications is considered in some detail. Also discussed are the role of technical societies, such as the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists, in the development of proposed standards for dust exposure and the functions of international committees concerned with particular hazards, such as the U.I.C.C. (Inter-national Union Against Cancer) Committee on Asbestos and Cancer."

Jan 1, 1969

By T. H. Wilson

In 1901, the Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company, Limited, began producing industrial coke in 212 beehive ovens at Michel colliery. By 1908, 486 ovens had been installed and in that year 147,623 tons of coke were produced. Coke manufacture has been continuous from 1901 until the present time (1946), with total production of 2,795,402 tons. At present writing, only 100 beehive ovens are operating and production is reduced to 1,800 tons per month, due to the shortage of suitable labour. These ovens are drawn by hand, on contract, and the workmen are exposed to considerable heat. A man draws three ovens in eight hours, thereby producing approximately 1072 tons of coke per day. In addition to the inefficient and costly method of drawing coke in beehive ovens, tremendous losses are experienced in the wastage of gas and tar, which are driven off into the atmosphere. Also, the yield of coke per ton of coal fed to the ovens is low as part 9f the carbon is utilized in producing heat to carbonize the remainder of the coal. A recovery of only 55 per cent of the carbon, as coke, is obtained. The coking process takes place from the top of the charge, which is 21/2 feet deep, downward to the floor. Six and a half tons of coal are charged and 3.6 tons of coke are drawn from the oven after 72 hours' carbonization. The beehive ovens using Michel coal produce a very hard and tough coke, large in size and of silvery appearance, which has served the requirements of both foundry and smelter for many years. In 1938, the Company made a careful study of coking processes with a view to introducing a more economical method than beehive ovens and one that would be less dependent on skilled labour, the supply of which was rapidly diminishing at that time. Various methods of by-product coking were investigated, and it was decided that the Curran-Knowles process offered the greatest possibilities because of the low capital investment in relation to output and also because the horizontal oven design was suitable for an expanding coal. Consequently, a test on Michel B seam coal, supervised by Mr. E. Burrough, of the Fuel Research Department, Ottawa, was run in the Curran-Knowles plant at West Frankfurt, III. The results of this test led to the construction of a ten-oven battery of 32 ft. 6 in. by 8 ft. 3 in. Curran-Knowles ovens at Michel, which were completed in November, 1939. This battery was built as an experimental unit, with provision for an additional ten ovens if the coke proved satisfactory for the market. In 1942, an expanding coke market led to the construction of a second battery of ten ovens, which were completed in April, 1943.

Jan 1, 1947

By W. Lin, Z. Z. Dong, C. L. Zhou, Y. C. Kuang

The inversion of rock mechanical properties based on well-logging data is a common method to drillbit selection in petroleum engineering, the basic principle of which is to use deep-well logging data and experimental regression model to calculate rock mechanical properties. The profile of rock mechanical properties can be established. According to the profile, the type of drillbit can be selected in different formations, which will improve the economic benefit of bit use indicators. Compressive strength of rock is one of the most important parameters. Conventional method to establish regression models of acoustic velocity and uniaxial compressive strength is on the basis of rock core sonic experiments and uniaxial compressive experiments. However, with the increase of deep drilling operation, triaxial compressive strength prediction model will play a more vital role in drillbit optimization selection in deep wells and improving ROP (Rate of Penetration). Triaxial compressive strength is an important parameter to evaluate the formation strength property. In this paper, to the sandstone commonly encountered in oil drilling, combined the rock mechanical experimental results with the changing porosity experimental results under confining pressure, a new interpretation model of triaxial compressive strength based on well logging data is proposed. Firstly, three types of sandstone samples are collected. Then measured components, uniaxial compressive strength, triaxial compressive strength and porosity. Experimental results show that: confining pressure has a significant influence on sandstone strength, with the increase of confining pressure, triaxial compressive strength increase; furthermore, the triaxial compressive strength of different porosity sandstones have different change rules when confining pressures changes; sandstone porosity decreases with the increase of confining pressure and it obeys logarithmic function. According to the results, regression models of sandstone, in-situ uniaxial compressive strength model and uniaxial compressive strength model under normal pressure are generated. Meanwhile, using well logging data in the acoustic velocity, density and gamma value can derive in-situ rock formations uniaxial compressive strength and in-situ porosity. Eventually, a new model established in this paper, containing in porosity, uniaxial compressive strength, lateral pressure and power exponent of regression, can predict triaxial compressive strength which will guide drillbit selection.

Jan 1, 2015

By Elbasher M. E. Ahmed, Indresan Govender

"A mechanistic model of axial charge segregation in rotating drums is presented. We show that granular material composed of different frictional properties diffuse into axial bands as a consequence of concentration fluctuations in the free surface layer that is caused by friction-limited mobility. A Bagnoldian stress assumption ensures an asymmetric free surface profile thereby providing the essential ingredients for the evolution of axial bands and the subsequent band coarsening observed in the literature. The formulation is sensitive to the boundary conditions of tumbling mills, including particle size and density, mill speed, inter-particle bulk friction, end wall friction and drum geometry (length and diameter).INTRODUCTIONA mechanism to fully describe the axial segregation of charge in a rotating drum remains elusive to the mineral processing industry. With regard to low aspect ratio mills (like ball mills), current thinking favours the use of closed circuit mills with correspondingly low residence times to offset the completely random contact probabilities between particles and balls (Wills & Napier-Munn, 2006). Conical end caps are argued to exploit the centrifugal force to achieve a regular gradation of ball size along the mill with larger sizes at the feed end and smaller ones closer to the discharge. However; segregation along the length has been observed in the absence of conical end caps (Oyama, 1939; Levine, 1999): In these investigations, sufficient differences in the particle’s mechanical properties (particle size, density, shape, surface roughness) was enough to successfully achieve axial segregation. Figure 1 shows the segregation of a bimodal distribution (by size) into bands of larger (darker colour) and smaller (lighter colour) particles."

Jan 1, 2016

By S. Hosseinpour

Chromate conversion coatings (CCCs) are usually applied to these alloys to enhance their resistance to localized corrosion and to improve paint adhesion. The special properties of these coatings such as their low electrical contact resistance (ECR) make them suitable for satellites. This study is aimed to develop advanced CCCs with the proper appearance, morphologies and surface roughness and to evaluate their role on the ECR and thermo physical properties on hardened aluminium alloy of Alclad-7075-T6. Coating characterization was performed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). ECR of coatings were measured by special laboratory designed instrument and a and c were measured by Emissometer and Reflectometer respectively. In addition, corrosion performance of the CCC-coated alloys was determined by 168 hr exposing to salt-spray testing in accordance with ASTM-B117. The results of accomplished experiments on the developed CCCs in this study have been agreeable concerning available acceptability criteria for satellite surfaces.

Jan 1, 2007

By Yan-Jun Shen

The rock mass classification system, BQ (basic quality), is the only national system that is suitable to most kinds of rock engineering in China. It uses two main aspects of the rock mass, the intact uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and the rock intactness index (KV), to obtain the rock mass BQ. The index KV could be measured by the acoustic wave method. However, because this method is an indirect approach to characterize the rock mass structure, misfits often occur between the test results and the actual rock mass characteristics. Therefore, a new parameter KGSI expressed by the geological strength index is proposed to replace the original KV, and a new method is presented to express the value of BQ as a function of the UCS and the KGSI. Then, the underground excavations at five hydropower stations were chosen as examples to study the relationship between the revised BQ and the each of the international systems (RMR, Q or RMi). In addition, the applicability of the RMR, Q, or RMi system is discussed for China?s rock characteristics and geological conditions, and suggestions are given for improving the revised BQ system.

Aug 1, 2013

Microseismic (MS) methods offer one of the few ways to monitor a 3D volume of rock and essentially see into the rockmass and the regions of real time rock fracture. This is a critical component when considering workplace safety as well as the economic viability of a mining operation. New Gold Inc. New Afton Mine, an intermediate copper-gold mining company located 350km northeast of Vancouver in the south-central interior of British Columbia, Canada, has recently installed a MS system to help understand the block caving process in space and time. For a block cave mining operation is it important to utilize the MS events to map out the seismogenic zone related to the regions of stress concentration and fracturing mechanisms which lead to caving. The geological setting within the local array is complex, consisting of several distinct lithologies with unique material properties that each affect the microseismic signal differently. The block cave consists of a muck filled void, also affecting the seismic waveform path. This paper compares the use of a single velocity model to a variable velocity model which accounts for the differing lithologies and cave. The variable velocity method determined 3D raypaths for all source to receiver possibilities through five irregular shaped geological domains and the estimated cave. For calibration blast data, the variable velocity model is found to successfully decrease the error for event location from an average of 38m to 20m (47% improvement), and its importance to location accuracy is expected to increase as the cave develops in size.

Aug 1, 2013

By J. H. Starkey

Large differences between macro and micro grindability relationships have been discovered for mill design measurements using the patented SAGDesign(TM) test. Crushing, Rod and Ball Mill Wi tests, and breakage parameter measurements have previously been used to design SAG mills but have not revealed the true magnitude of these differences. A SAGDesign(TM) test measures the SAG/Bond Wi Ratio (defined below) for every sample tested and gives a good design result because the F80 of the SAG stage test feed is 19 mm and because the test includes a Bond Ball Mill Work Index on SAG ground ore. Good flotation operation demands properly sized grinding mills and steady feed to the flotation circuit.

Jan 1, 2009

By W. L. Ott, C. L. Lewis

"AbstractA technique is described for preparation of palladium sponge and for spectrochemical analysis of the metal in this form. The precision and accuracy of the method are discussed. Analyses are compared with previous spectrochemical analyses of palladium in the black form. Good agreement was found in the two sets •of results and it is concluded that they are more reliable than wet chemical .analyses of the same material.IntroductionFOR SEVERAL YEARS the problem of platinum metal analysis by spectrochemical methods has been under investigation at the Spedtrographic Laboratory, Department of Geological Sciences, Queen's University. The problem, briefly -stated, is as follows: Samples of platinum, palladium,-rhodium, ruthenium, and iridium are received as fine metal powders, called sponge. Direct spectrographic analysis of this material has not been found satisfactory due to its heterogeneity •as regards contaminant metals, which may be present up to a total of one per •cent or more. Further-more, spectrographic standards are difficult to obtain and difficult to prepare accurately by adding weighed portions of contaminant metals to the sponge. The fact that •contaminant metals in original samples are probably alloyed with the major constituent is a further difficulty since complete fusion of these refractory metals proved impractical in the present case as a means of standard preparation. It •has, therefore, been found most satisfactory to dissolve the metals, prepare standards by addition of solutions of contaminant metals, and to reduce both standards and samples to a homogeneous form. A previous paper, by Hawley, Wark, Lewis and Ott (2) dealt with a method for spectrochemical analysis of platinum and palladium in their black form. Since completion of research on the black technique, the possibility of analyzing palladium accurately in its sponge form has• been investigated."

Jan 1, 1953

By Robert A. Bosschart, Harold O. Seigel

"Most electromagnetic methods presently used in mining exploration are of the moving source type; i.e., the primary field source is moved simultaneously and in a fixed configuration with the receiver. Of the fixed-source methods, which employ a stationary primary field and a moving receiver, the Turam method is the most effective and has marked advantages over alternative electromagnetic methods. The results are little affected by topographic relief, and a high degree of resolution can be obtained because of the constant relation between source field and investigation area. Another inherent advantage of the Turam configuration is that it provides more favourable dimensional relations. Thus, the primary field attenuates at a much lower rate than in moving-source configurations and, secondly, the method is size sensitive; i.e., conductor size affects the strength of the response, which is not the case with moving-source methods. These factors result in a considerably better potential depth penetration."

Jan 1, 1966

By D. J. Lloyd

"Bending is involved in the forming of many sheet parts and it is important to understand the phenomena involved. In this paper the basic equations describing bending on a global scale are compared with strain measurements of bent sheet. The development of strain on a local, microstructural scale is also investigated, as is the general aspects of plasticity and the failure process. It is shown that the global equations can be used to estimate the strains involved and the local strains can be attributed to various aspects of the plasticity. The bendability can be related to the fracture strain of the sheet and the ability of a sheet alloy to accommodate the necessary bending to form the part can be assessed.INTRODUCTION The ability of a sheet alloy to undergo bending without failure is an important capability in the forming of many parts and it is useful to be able to assess the bendability of an alloy during its development. The basic mechanics of bending were developed in the 1950s (Lubhan & Sachs, 1950; Hoffman & Sachs, 1953). When a sheet is bent the upper bend surface is in tension, the lower surface in compression and at some point within the sheet there is a plane of zero strain which is referred to as the neutral axis. For sheet exhibiting limited plasticity the neutral axis is static and occurs at the mid-point of the sheet thickness but for sheet exhibiting extensive plasticity the neutral axis progresses deeper in to the sheet as bending progresses. This results in two expressions for the maximum strain at the upper bend surface depending on the motion of the neutral axis. For Al alloys such as AA6111, AA6016 and the like extensive plasticity occurs and the neutral axis is expected to move during bending. However, very few studies have examined how the neutral axis motion and the strains develop, compared with the mechanics analysis. Geist and Parker (1984) used hardness measurements to investigate neutral axis motion but these experiments did not have the resolution necessary to compare the results with experiment but did indicate neutral axis motion. To understand the nature of plasticity and failure during bending it is important to know the extent of neutral axis motion, the scale of strain gradients developed through the sheet and the maximum strains occurring at the bend surface, finally comparing experimental results with the theoretical predictions. The influence of microstructure on the evolution of strain and failure can then be considered in the context of these parameters. Recently, bending in some automotive Al alloys has been reported mainly from the microstructural perspective (Lloyd, 2000, Lloyd et al., 2002, Mattei et al., 2013) and FEM studies have also investigated the development of plasticity under bending, demonstrating the tendency for strain localization (Becker, 1992, Shi et al., 2014)."

Jan 1, 2018

By F. J. Hrach, K. P. Flynn, P. J. Miranda

"ST Equipment & Technology, LLC (STET) has developed a processing system based on tribo-electrostatic belt separation that provides the mineral processing industry a means to beneficiate fine materials with an entirely dry technology. In contrast to other electrostatic separation processes that are typically limited to particles greater than 75 µm in size, the triboelectric belt separator is ideally suited for separation of very fine (<1 µm) to moderately coarse (300 µm) particles with very high throughput. The high efficiency multi-stage separation through internal charging/recharging and recycle results in far superior separations that can be achieved with a conventional single-stage free-fall tribo-electrostatic separator. The triboelectric belt separator technology has been used to separate a wide range of materials including mixtures of glassy aluminosilicates/carbon, calcite/quartz, talc/magnesite, and barite/quartz. Separation results are presented for selected industrial mineral sources. An economic comparison of using the tribo-electrostatic belt separation versus conventional flotation for barite / quartz separation illustrates the advantages of dry processing for minerals.INTRODUCTIONThe lack of access to fresh water is becoming a major factor affecting the feasibility of mining projects around the world. According to Hubert Fleming, former global director for Hatch Water, “Of all the mining projects in the world that have either been stopped or slowed down over the past year, it has been, in almost 100% of the cases, a result of water, either directly or indirectly” (Blin et al., 2013). Dry mineral processing methods offer a solution to this looming problem."

Jan 1, 2016