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LIST OF THE MEETINGS OF THE INSTITUTE AND THEIR LOCALITIES FROM ITS ORGANIZATION Transactions Number Place Date Vol Page 1 Wilkes-Barre, Pa May, ?71 1 3 2 Bethlehem, Pa August, ?71 1 10 3 Troy, N Y November, ?71 1 13 4 Philadelphia, Pa February, ?72 1 17 5 New York, N Y May, ?72 1 20 6 Pittsburg, Pa October, ?72 1 25 7 Boston, Mass February, ?73 1 28 8 Philadelphia, Pa May, ?73 2 3 9 Easton, Pa October, ?73 2 7 10 New York, N Y February, ?74 211 11 St Louis, Mo May, ?74 3 3 12 Hazleton, Pa October, ?74 3 8 13 New Haven, Conn February, ?75 3 15 14 Dover, N J May, ?75 4 3 15 Cleveland, 0 October, ?75 4 9 16 Washington, D C February, ?76 4 18 17 Philadelphia, Pat June, ?76, 5 3 18 Philadelphia, Pa October, ?76 5 9 19 New York, N Y February, ?77 5 27 20 Wilkes-Barre, Pa May, ?77 6 3 21 Amenia, N Y October, ?77 6 10 22 Philadelphia, Pa. May, ?78 6 18 23 Chattanooga, Tenn May ?78 7 3 24 Lake George, N.Y. Oct. ?78 7 25 Baltimore, Md. Feb. ?79 7 26 Pittsburgh Pa, May ?79 8 27 Montreal, Canada Sept, ?79 8 28 New York, N.Y. Feb, ?80 9 29 Lake Superior, Mich Aug, ?80

Jan 1, 1923

By J. M. Sands

THE state of Kansas had a daily average crude-oil production of about 87,000 bbl. at the beginning of the year. This showed a steady but consistent decline during the 12 months, so that the daily average production at the end of the year was slightly over 68,000 barrels. GREENWOOD COUNTY THE most active development in Kansas during the year was in Greenwood County, in a line from near Sallyards in T 25-R 9 to east of Madison in T 22-R 11. The main part of this development has been in a succession of pools beginning at the south with the Polhamus pool in 34-24-9 and 3 and 4-25-9; Thrall pool in 28, 29, 32 and 33-23-10; Burkett pool in 13, 23, 24 and 26-23-10; Seeley and Wick pool in 22, 27, 28,. 32 and 33-22-11 and 5, 6, 7, and 8-23-11; Frohm pool in 11, 14 and 15-22-11; Madison pool in 31 and 32-21-12 and 6, 22, 12 and 1-22-11. Some of these pools have two or more sands, locally called Bartlesville and Burgess Sands. They range in depth from 1850 ft. near Madison to 2450 ft. near Sallyards, the general dip being to' the west. The thickness of these sands run from 20 to 100 ft., the initial production of the wells being 50 to 1000 bbl of 40-gravity oil or better.

Jan 3, 1924

[Secretary's Note.—The following official tables, prepared by the government of the State of Nuevo Leon, and presented to the Institute at the fifth seseion of its Mexican meeting, held at Monterrey, November 26, 1901, present in compact form a general summary of the mineral and metallurgical industry of the State for the preceding calendar year, together with a statement of the railway-shipments of ores from January 1 to October 31, 1901, which, in the absence of direct official mining and metallurgical statistics (not yet available for that year), clearly indicates an increased activity and productiveness of these industries. In other words, the mines are reported to have yielded in 1900 a total product of 83,960,169 kilos of ore; whereas, the railway is reported to have carried, in 10 months of 1901, a total of 108,318,647 kilos of ore. At this rate, the railway-shipments for 1901 mould amount to nearly 130,000,000 kilos. It is, of course, possible that the railwaystatistics include other freight than ores, or that they include duplications, such as would be involved in the record, first of certain ores transported, and afterwards of the " base bullion " produced therefrom. An accurate comparison is therefore impossible ; yet, after making all reasonable allowances for such items as have been named, it seems safe to infer that the mining and metallurgical industry of this State accomplished in 1901 a substantial progress.]

Jan 1, 1902

By C. E. Shoenfelt

Operations ill Colorado oil fields in 1934 were not quite so extensive as in 1933, but much better results were obtained and one new oil field was discovered. In all, 26 wells were drilled, of which 9 were oil wells, 1 was a gas well, and 16 were dry holes. New oil production totaled 10,220 bbl. and new gas production totaled 33,714,000 cu. ft. This compares with new oil production in 1933 of 1238 bbl. and new gas production of 14,307,000 cu. ft. Dry holes in 1933 totaled 29 as conlpared with 16 in 1934. Oil was discovered in the Hiawatha gas field, Moffat County, in 1934 in the Mountain Fuel Supply Company's No. 4B Wilson, C. NE. NW. of sec. 23, 12N., 100W. This well was completed in a sand in the Wasatch (Tertiary) at 2304 to 2337 ft., after plugging back from 3797 ft. It made 20 bbl. of oil initially. No. 4B Wilson is the first well in the Rocky Mountain region to discover oil in commercial amounts in rocks younger than Cretaceous, and while it is not expected that Hiawatha will develop into an oil field of important proportions, eventually it may produce a considerable amount of oil as the gas pressure declines. The Hiawatha gas field was discovered in 1926, on one of six structures in what is known as the Vermillion Creek gas area. It is a northeast-

Jan 1, 1935

By R. H. Lynn, T. C. Craig

During the year 1933, in the Texas Panhandle, 113 oil wells were completed, adding 33,337 bbl. to the daily potential of the field. The field potential on Jan. 1, 1933, as determined by the Texas Railroad Commission, was 149,260 bbl., with a daily allowable production of 41,000 bbl. The potential was raised gradually, until on July 16, 1933, it reached 155,344 bbl. with a daily allowable of 55,000 bbl. This potential and allowable was maintained over a period from July 16, 1933, to Sept. 8, 1933, when the potential was reduced to 136,893, with a daily allowable of 43,727 bbl. Since Sept. 8, 1933, there has been a gradual increase, until on Jan. 1, 1934, the field potential reached 159,740 bbl. with a daily allowable of 42,000 bbl. Of this amount 26,429 bbl. arc "marginal oil" and 2682 bbl. are exempt on account of water. Deepening of Wells During the year 64 wells were deepened, increasing their total oil production 9631 bbl. per day. Of this amount the Gray County granite wash contributed 9256 bbl. from 57 wells. It has been found in many places that the granite wash carries an additional oil pay from 50 to 75 ft. below sea level. The majority of the wells that were .drilled during the early development in Gray County encountered their oil above sea level. When the wells producing from the upper horizon have become unprofit-

Jan 1, 1934

LIST OF THE MEETINGS OF THE INSTITUTE AND THEIR LOCALITIES FROM ITS ORGANIZATION Transactions Number Place Date Vol Page 1 Wilkes-Barre, Pa May, ?71 1 3 2 Bethlehem, Pa August, ?71 1 10 3 Troy, N Y November, ?71 1 13 4 Philadelphia, Pa February, ?72 1 17 5 New York, N Y May, ?72 1 20 6 Pittsburg, Pa October, ?72 1 25 7 Boston, Mass February, ?73 1 28 8 Philadelphia, Pa May, ?73 2 3 9 Easton, Pa October, ?73 2 7 10 New York, N Y February, ?74 211 11 St Louis, Mo May, ?74 3 3 12 Hazleton, Pa October, ?74 3 8 13 New Haven, Conn February, ?75 3 15 14 Dover, N J May, ?75 4 3 15 Cleveland, 0 October, ?75 4 9 16 Washington, D C February, ?76 4 18 17 Philadelphia, Pat June, ?76, 5 3 18 Philadelphia, Pa October, ?76 5 9 19 New York, N Y February, ?77 5 27 20 Wilkes-Barre, Pa May, ?77 6 3 21 Amenia, N Y October, ?77 6 10 22 Philadelphia, Pa. May, ?78 6 18 23 Chattanooga, Tenn May ?78 7 3 24 Lake George, N.Y. Oct. ?78 7 25 Baltimore, Md. Feb. ?79 7 26 Pittsburgh Pa, May ?79 8 27 Montreal, Canada Sept, ?79 8 28 New York, N.Y. Feb, ?80 9 29 Lake Superior, Mich Aug, ?80 9 30 Philadelphia, Pa. Feb, 81 9 31 Staunton, Va May, 81 10

Jan 1, 1923

By Edward L. Wilson, Keshavan Nair, Ranbir S. Sandhu

In planning and designing of underground excavations and construction, it is of considerable importance that the stresses and displacements in the rock mass subjected to arbitrary sequences of unloading and loading be within allowable limits. For determination of the stress and displacement fields, the usual approach is to treat the rock as an elastic material and to apply the principles of the theory of elasticity. However, analytic solutions are available only for a limited class of problems of simple geometry and idealized material properties. Nonhomogeneity and anisotropy of material coupled with complex geometrical configuration and initial stress fields that are almost always preexistent in rock masses at great depths, render the problem intractable by analytical methods. Approximate solution techniques using numerical procedures have, therefore, to be resorted to. The finite element method as applied to plane stress analysis was introduced by Clough.1 It has developed into a powerful tool for the analysis of various field problems in structural and continuum mechanics. The method is well documented in the literature2-6 and, therefore, its historical development will not be discussed here. Wilson's analysis of the plane stress/strain problem has found extensive use in the area of soil and rock mechanics including stresses around underground openings; stresses and displacements in dams, foundations, etc.7-11 In his analysis of the axisymmetric solid,3 Wilson proposed a procedure to allow for certain cases of nonlinear material properties. In this chapter, the develop-

Jan 1, 1972

By H. S. Munroe

The dressing-works of the St. Joseph Lead Company were destroyed by fire, February 26th, 1883. Within about four months, or on July 5th, 1883, the new mill, with a capacity of 500 tons per day, was built and in active operation. The capacity of the new mill has since been increased to 800 tons per day. The old mill was built in 1867, by Mr. C. B. Parsons, the present superintendent. It was a curious rambling old structure, which had grown with the demands of the business; a few jigs having been added in one place, a table or two in another and wings and sheds added to the main buildings, from time to time, as it was found necessary to increase the efficiency or the capacity of the mill. The old mill was, moreover, a most interesting place to the student, a perfect "museum of ore-dressing." Nearly every form of dressing apparatus known to the art had, at one time or another, found a place under its roof, jigs of many kinds, concave, convex, side-bump and stationary tables, tyes, buddles, dolly-tubs, etc., etc. The method of dressing followed in the main the lines of English practice, but with many modifications, both in the machinery and the methods of working, due to the inventive genius of Mr. Parsons. Different forms of crushing apparatus were tried, and the best method of handling the ore and the different products of

Jan 1, 1889

By Albert E. Wiggin, Frederick Laist

Page I. Introduction............................470 II. The Sources and Amount of Slime................470 II. The Composition of the Slime..................471 IV. The Experimental Development of the .Anaconda Slime Plant.. 471 1. The Great Falls Slime Plant and Experimental Work......471 2. The Experimental Work Done at Anaconda..........473 (a) SlimeThickening Devices.............. 474 (b) SlimeConcentrators................. 475 (c) Dewatering the Slime Plant Concentrate......... (d) The Use of Chemicals to Accelerate the Settlement of Slime........................ 478 (e) The Effect of Temperature upon the Settlement of Slime 478 V. A Description of the Anaconda Slime Plant........... 479 1. A Diagrammatic Flow Sheet of Plant............. 480 2. The Slime-Thickening Division................ 480 3. The Concentrating Division.................. 481 4. The Concentrate-Dewatering Division............. 483 5. General Data........................ 484 I. IntRoduction The new slime-concentrating plant at the Washoe Reduction Works, Anaconda, was put into operation during March, 1914. This plant, which has a capacity of 26,000,000 gal. of slime pulp carrying 2,500 tons of solid matter per day, consists of Dorr thickeners and Anaconda multiple-deck slime concentrators. This plant is the culmination of a great deal of experimental work extending over a considerable period of time, which , work will be described briefly in the following pages. II. The Sources and Amount of Slime Up to the beginning of this year, the ore from the Anaconda company's mines in Butte, Mont., has been concentrated both at the Great Falls

Jan 1, 1915

By S. H. Penn

One of the more challenging aspects of the unfolding age of space travel centers about the opportunity for man to use the natural resources of other worlds. The first of the extraterrestrial worlds to be exploited will be the moon. After only a scant few thousand years of scratching the earth's crust, man will embark upon a venture that for centuries has excited the imagination of many (while staggering that of most) and may become a reality within the next decade. There has never been a time when so much money and effort will have been expended to exploit an area about which so little is known. Paradoxically, this effort combines much of the detached objectivity so typical of our analytical time with the proverbial optimism of the indefatigable prospector. As the earliest manned lunar missions will be brief and exploratory in nature, astronauts will not be expected to attempt to exploit any of the possible lunar natural resources. In later missions, with a more extended period of time available for the astronauts to stay on the moon, it may be desirable or even necessary to "live off the land". The resulting exploitation of lunar resources will be intended primarily to reduce the dependence of manned missions upon terrestrial logistic support and to reduce the cost of maintaining lunar bases.

Jan 3, 1966

By William L. Batt

IT IS becoming increasingly evident to management that it has other obligations than merely to earn dividends for stockholders. The head of one of America's largest organizations has stated it in these words: "There rests upon them a far broader responsibility than the mere production of goods and services, or solely the interests of their stockholders. They must assume the important obligation, through proper policy, of attuning industry to a rapidly changing world, from social as well as economic standpoints." Stockholders might as well reconcile themselves, therefore, to the fact that management cannot always put their interests first in the obligation of business enterprise: and that the legitimate requirements of customers and employees have acquired a new significance which must be recognized if the business of today is to prosper.

Jan 1, 1938

By T. S. Lundy, J. I. Federer

Chemically purified Zr95and Cb95 have been used in determining self-diffusion coefficients in the bcc phase of iodide zirconium over the temperature range of 900o to 1750°C. The temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficients could not be described by the usual Arrhenius-type equation over the entire temperature range. Values of the apparent frequency factors (D0)a and activation energies (Q)A for ZR95 varied from 4.8 x 10-6 to 2.5 x 10-2 sq cm per sec and 20,700 to 46,900 cal per mole, respectively, between 900°and 1750°C. Similarly, for Cb95, values of (Do) a and (Q)A varied from about 2.4 x 10'5 to 0.25 sq cm per sec and 26,500 to 56,800 cal per mole, respectively. The data may be described in terms of the a to ß transition temperature of 1136 °K and the absolute temperature of the diffusion anneals by the following eauations: SEVERAL studies on the diffusion of Zr95 in zirconium have been reported.1"5 The values of the constants contained in the usual Arrhenius-type equation for describing the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient, D = Do exp [- Q/(RT)], are summarized in Table I. The reported values of Do, the frequency factor, and Q, the activation energy, are seen to vary by factors of about 60 and 1.6, respectively. Examination of the data from any one study indicated reasonable consistency of measurements. The large discrepancies of over-all results, therefore, cannot be explained on the basis of experimental scatter. One possible explanation for the differences in results could be a varying impurity content of the zirconium. Another possibility is that the radioactive daughter, Cb95, influenced the values of some of the determined diffusion coefficients. Therefore, the first of the three purposes of this study was to reconcile the large differences in diffusion results that have been obtained. Several empirical relations have been proposed to relate the diffusion coefficients in solids with physical properties, such as the absolute melting point, the heat of fusion, and the heat of sublimation.

Jan 1, 1963

The American Institute of Mining Engineers, the American Society of Civil Engineers, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and the American Institute of Electrical Engineers have established the . Engineering Societies Employment Bureau under the management of their Secretaries. One of the purposes of the Bureau is to keep in touch with all engineering firms with a view to supplying them with desirable men. Plans are under way to assist in placing men who are retiring from the government service. The Bureau is not intended to be exclusively for the benefit of unemployed members, of the Founder Societies; non-members who are introduced properly will be registered. Information, registration forms, etc., may be obtained from the office of the Bureau, Engineering Societies Building, 29 West 39 Street, New York, Room 903.

Jan 1, 1919

G. K. BURGESS,* Washington, D. C.-In the service tests, the Advisory Committee on Aeronautics considered it highly necessary, particularly for seaplanes, to find out whether or not it was necessary to paint exposed parts; reports have been obtained but have not been pub-lished at the present time. Investigations were carried on at three Navy Yards. On just a hurried examination, the inspection was made about two weeks ago and the results are now being digested an examination shows that the aluminum alloys, whether painted or unpainted, stand up very well. It apparently is not necessary to paint, which, of course, is a very important item in the question of the weight of seaplanes. We will be able to report on that, I expect, probably at the next meeting.

Jan 12, 1919

There's a right way and a wrong way to store diesel electric systems and similar equipment for generating on-site power, according to James Frankow, service manager for Allis-Chalmers Corp's Engine Division. In any event, the less storage the better. Many generating sets are stored before installation, especially when new construction is underway. Improper storage, or mothballing, can create initial reliability problems. Therefore; arrange for inside storage with no drastic extremes in temperature or humidity. If engines and alternators are stored in areas other than inside a dirt-free and temperature-controlled building, the unit or engine should be completely covered and protected against the environment. Before covering it with a canvas or with plastic, the unit should first be sealed at the following critical engine openings:

Jan 3, 1978

Meeting of Mar. 27, 1914.-President Thayer announced the appointment of H. S. Munroe as a member and E. Gybbon Spilsbury as Chairman of the Library Committee of the Institute. The President announced the appointment of the Committee on Papers and Publications, the Technical Committees, the Committee on Increase of Membership, and the Committee on Junior Members and Affiliated Student Societies. The President announced the appointment of Dr. George F. Kunz as a member of the Reception Committee of the International Engineering Congress, 1915. It was voted that the Institute accept the invitation of the Mining and Scientific Press to occupy space at the Panama-Pacific Exposition next to them and avail itself of the service of their representative to receive and register members of the Institute who visit this space during the exposition.

Jan 5, 1914

(Under this heading will be published notes sent to the Secretary of the Institute by members or other persons.) The position of converter blower at a side-blow Bessemer steel casting plant is vacant. The State Legislature of Utah has provided for the establishment of a metallurgical research department at the State School of Mines, Salt Lake City. Applications will be received for, the position of head of this laboratory, and further details may be obtained by applying to Prof. Joseph F. Merrill, Director, University of Utah, Salt Lake City. An engineering company owning patents for improvements in steel manufacture which have been adopted at many works in America, desires. to secure the services of a technical iron and steel metallurgist as assistant to its chief metallurgical engineer.

Jan 6, 1913

The St. Lawrence Seaway and power project has received the support of the Canadian Parliament, with the House of Commons approving a bill that authorizes the Government to proceed with construction of the seaway, with or without U. S. cooperation. Itogan Mining Co., third largest gold mine in the Philippines, reopened in December under the management of Marsman and. Co. The 'mine was almost totally destroyed during the occupation. The International Materials Conference committee on copper, lead, and zinc has recommended against stockpiling during the: first quarter of 1952 because of the current demands for defense needs. The General Services Administration has told producers who have contracts calling for delivery of copper to the stockpile during the first quarter of 1952 that they do not need to make those deliveries.

Jan 1, 1952

By Edgar A. Scholz, Attilio G. Spat

The rapid worldwide increase in labor costs, prices of goods and services, and the rising tide of economic nationalism do not bode well for the future of mineral exploration and the mining industry. The increasing complexity and difficulty involved in finding economic mineral deposits makes these trends particularly significant. A comparative cost analysis of domestic and foreign exploration projects which developed into mines during the period 1960-74 may be useful in indicating the general nature of exploration expenditures as these trends continue. This analysis is based on a survey of 18 US and Canadian mining companies. Due to the inexact nature of exploration expenditure data, plus the fact that no two mining companies follow the same system of cost allocation, the results of the survey must be considered quite general in character.

Jan 6, 1977

By H. A. Doerner

METALLURGICAL problems relating to manganese and chromium ores have striking similarities. Ferroalloys, essential to the steel industry, are produced from both ores. Most of these alloys are obtained from imported ores, as domestic deposits have not yielded enough ore of metallurgical grade to meet more than a small fraction of vital needs. A survey of domestic manganese and chrome de- posits reveals numerous small, dispersed bodies of fairly good ore, none of which appears to be capable of yielding significant amounts of marketable products. To stimulate development of such deposits and to increase Government stockpiles, General Services Administration is offering $115 per long ton for limited amounts of chrome ores and $110 per long ton for 48 pct manganese ores that meet metallurgical specifications, with bonuses or penalties for grades above and below specifications.

Jan 4, 1953