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By Joan K. Kuenzi

The purpose of this U.S. Bureau of Mines information circular (Ie) is to discuss how job analysis methods taken from different disciplines can be used together to form a more complete picture of jobs in the mining industry. "Job analysis" is a term used by many researchers, but use of the term is far from standardized. Authors of papers on this subject often state that there is confusion in how or why jobs are to be analyzed, what the resulting information is to be used for, and what the "job analysis" actually means. The process of breaking a job into elemental tasks and analyzing them is used to determine what skills and knowledge are needed to perform a given job, to improve efficiency, and to develop safer job procedures. All are valid reasons to analyze jobs, but the methods used to accomplish the analyses may be very different. In order to create a more complete picture of a job, it may be useful to incorporate methods and information from different areas of study rather than choosing one method for analysis.

Jan 1, 1995

By Andrew M. Leszcykowski

The Bureau of Mines (Bureau) conducted mineral investigations of the Payette Crest-South Fork area in west central Idaho near McCall, Idaho, in 1989. There are no known producing mines or mineral production from the area. Forty-seven samples were taken (stream sediment, rock. and placer); no identified mineral resources were delineated.

Jan 1, 1991

Commodities statistics and other information are available through the following three systems: Internet Access: To acccess the USBM Gopher server on Internet, connect to: gopher.usbm.gov port 70, using gopher client software. Or contact the Systems Administrator for technical questions: Matt Klevemann, 412-892-6499 (klevemmc@miner.usbm.gov) These USBM materials are available on Internet, with more to come in the future: Publications and other research findings, including this bimonthly publications list, newsletters, tech transfer updates, enviromental technology research, health and safety information. USBM software products Media materials and speeches. Mines Data: Computer bulletin board. Log on via modem through 202/501-0373, or call 202/501-0406 for technical assistance. Mines FaxBack. Return fax service. 1. Use the touch-tone handset attached to your fax machine's telephone jack. (ISDN [digital] telephones cannot be used with fax machines.) 2. Dial 202/219-3644. 3. Listen to the menu options and punch in the number of your selection, using the touch-tone telephone. 4. After completing your selection, press the start button on your fax machine.

Jan 1, 1995

By J. J. Forbes

"The central rescue station maintained jointly by several mining com¬panies in a district, is gaining in popularity in a large number of mining districts throughout the country. A very efficient first-aid and mine rescue association, with rescue station, is in operation in 'the Globe-Miami, Arizona, district. This association, known as the ""Globe-Miami District Mine Rescue and First-Aid Association""; was organized on January 1, 1918. Due to the effective work of this organization, several incipient mine fires have been extinguished before the fire got under headway and before any severe damage was done.The mine rescue station, which is situated on the highway between the towns of Globe and Miami, Arizona, is centrally located with respect to the various mines in the district. The station was completed, and a full craw em-ployed for conducting it work on January 1, 1920.The directors and other officers of the association are selected from the mine officials whose properties are served by it. It includes seven large metal mining and metallurgical companies in the Globe-Miami district. The names of the companies, together with the number of men employed by each follows.A director is in charge of the station; he performs the executive work, and, is the managing head of all training in first aid and mine rescue. The director is assisted by three station attendants, one of whom takes the morning shift, another, the evening shift, and the third, the night shift. They exchange shifts every two weeks. As three shifts are maintained, an attendant is on duty at all times. He answers emergency calls in case of fires or accidents, assists with the first-aid and mine rescue training, the inspection of the first-aid boxes and supply bases that are located at the various mines, and attends to miscellaneous duties in connection with the operation and maintenance of the station."

Dec 1, 1920

By F. J. Palumbo

Effective recycling or disposal of flue dusts is a continuing problem for copper, brass, and bronze smelters. Over 300,000 short tons (st) of dust is generated annually by U.S. secondary copper, brass, and bronze smelters. The Bureau of Mines has developed an alkaline leach method for recovering metal values from copper converter flue dust containing zinc, tin, lead, and copper. The dust was leached with a hot solution of ammonium chloride and ammonium hydroxide to solubilize ZnO. All of the tin (as Sn02) and the metallic copper, lead, and zinc, as well as possible insoluble compounds of each, report to the residue. Dissolved copper and lead salts are removed from the leachate by cementation with granular zinc. Zinc oxide is precipitated by diluting the leachate with water. The tin-rich (9.8 pct) residue has a ready market. The cement product is recyclable to the smelting operation. The ZnO is at least 97 pct pure and has potential marketability.

Jan 1, 1985

By T. O. Llewellyn

The Bureau of Mines investigated the use of a heavy liquid in combination with fluid cyclones to separate brucite from a Nevada ore on a continuous basis, using a mixture of dibromomethane and trichloroethylene having a density of 2.44 grams per cubic centimeter. Single-stage cyclone separation produced a concentrate that contained 84 percent of the total magnesia at a grade, on a calcined basis, of 95.6 percent MgO.

Jan 1, 1974

By J. B. Janus

This report, the 22d in a series, gives analytical data showing composition and quality of tipple and delivered samples of coal collected during fiscal year 1972. This coverage lists mines located in 20 States. Ultimate analyses are given for most of the coalbeds listed. Tipple samples were collected by Bureau of Mines engineers at tipples as coal was being loaded into railroad cars or trucks. The deliveries were sampled in accordance with instructions issued by the Bureau of Mines, and the samples were analyzed in the Bureau laboratory at Pittsburgh.

Jan 1, 1973

By M. H. Stanczyk

The Bureau of Mines made bench-scale laboratory tests on a sample of typical Florida phosphate slime to determine alumina and phosphate extractions obtainable by agitation leaching, by baking and curing, and by a leach-electrolysis scheme. Recovery of mineral values from leached slime pulps by resin-in-pulp ion exchange contact and the reaction of the leached pulps to filtration, flocculation, and settling were also investigated. The best extractions of alumina and phosphate were obtained by (l) agitation leaching with sulfuric, hydrochloric, or nitric acid at an elevated temperature or (2) curing or baking the slime with sulfuric acid. Alumina extractions ranged from 80.8 to 90.0 percent and phosphate extractions ranged from 93.3 to 98.4 percent when the slime was leached at 90° C with sulfuric, hydrochloric, or nitric acids. Baking the slime with sulfuric acid at 200° C for 4 hours yielded an alumina extraction of 92.3 percent and a phosphate extraction of 97.0 percent, whereas curing with sulfuric acid at 100° C for 24 hours gave slightly higher alumina and phosphate extractions. Flocculation and settling properties of the slime were virtually unaffected in all cases. Filter area requirements, although somewhat improved as compared to untreated slime, remained relatively high. The lowest filter area requirement obtained was 44 square feet per ton of dry solids treated per day. Contacting leached slime pulps with ion exchange resins depleted the leach pulps of solubilized values; however, the filtration and settling properties of the barren pulps were unaffected. A leach-electrolysis scheme resulted in some concentration of solubilized phosphorus, but the method showed little promise of being commercially feasible.

Jan 1, 1966

By J. F. Barkley

At the request of several Federal agencies, tests were conducted on a relatively recent type of anthracite -burning equipment named the Anthratube. This device, rated at 130,000 B.t .u. per hour, was designed to burn Pea-size anthracite automatically for steam or hot-water house heating and for domes-tic hot -water supply. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The helpful cooperation of the Anthracite Institute and the manufacturers of the equipment, Axeman-Anderson Co., Williamsport, Pa., is gratefully acknowledged.

Jan 1, 1953

By John S. Dunning

This is one of a. series of papers being prepared for and published by the United States Bureau of Mines, describing raining and milling methods at crushed-stone plants throughout the United States. These papers are designed to disseminate technical information regarding the methods used. The cost tabulations represent operating expenditures only and not total production costs. It is recognized that publication of total production costs might in man; instances cause embarrassment to individual producers as well as to the industry as a whole. However, operating costs are essential to technical discussion and study of the methods employed. The attention of the reader is specifically called to this differentiation in order that the scope of the cost tabulations shall not be misunderstood. This paper deals with the quarrying and crushing methods used at the Avon Mountain trap-rock quarry of the Atlas Sand, Gravel & Stone Co., in West Hartford, Conn.

Jan 1, 1936

By Paul L. Russell

Because of the increasing demand for fluorspar , investigation of the deposits of the Gila district in Grant County , New Mexico , was undertaken by the Bureau of Mines in 1943 with the cooperation of the Federal Geological Survey . It was the purpose of the investigation to assist owners and lessees to develop their properties and to attempt to estimate ore reserves that might be available to supply a 300- ton mill that was under construction at Gila . Field work was begun June 14 , 1943 , and ceased August 16 , 1943. Seven veins were trenched and sampled .

Feb 1, 1947

By C. M. Mason

The current Bureau of Mines active list of permissible explosives includes 95 brands. Twelve are gelatinous and the rest are the more commonly used granular ammonium nitrate type. The list of permissible blasting devices comprises five Cardox models.

Jan 1, 1968

By John Paul Gries

During World. War II, when the curtailment of imports led to an unprecedented demand for domestic mica, beryl, spodumene, and other pegmatite minerals, the Bureau of Mines and the Geological Survey entered upon a program designed to expedite mining of these minerals from the Black Hills area of South Dakota. The program involved napping, sampling, and drilling of many pegmatite dikes in the southern portion of the Black Hills and beneficiation conducted in the field and in the Bureau of Mines laboratories at Rapid City, S. Dak., Rolla, Mo., Salt Lake City, Utah, and College Park, Md. This report describes the occurrence and sampling of the Beecher No. 2 pegmatite, which was investigated as part of the general pegmatite study in South Dakota. Investigation of the Beecher No. 2 pegmatite was started on November 20, 1943, and terminated in the spring of 1944. During this period, the Bureau of Mines took a series of trench samples across the pegmatite at the surface for grain-count studies and chemical analyses. The Geological Survey mapped the geology of the deposit after it was exposed by trenching and stripping.

Jan 1, 1950

By John R. Duda

The Bureau of Mines is developing estimates of capital investment, operating cost, and selling price for underground mines producing bituminous coal by various mining methods. This study estimates the required capital investment, operating costs, and selling prices for two hypothetical mines designed to produce 1.5 and 3 million tons per year (MM tpy)3 by using a longwall system in conjunction with a continuous-mining system. The coal properties being mined are assumed capable of sustaining a 20-year product Lon period. Wages and union welfare payments used in this study are those in effect as of December 6, 1975, as set forth under the National Bituminous Coal Wage Agreement of 1974. Costs of materials and equipment are based on January 1976 Indexes. Initial capital investment is $33.8 million for the 1.5-MM-tpy mine and $61 million for the 3-MM-tpy mine. Capital requirements, including deferred investments, were estimated to be $52.5 and $94.2 million, respectively. These figures translate into total capital investments of $34.87 and $31.31 per ton of annual production. Assuming a desired 15-percent discounted cash flow rate of return, with Federal income taxes at 50 percent, the required selling prices would be $12.06 and $10.94 per ton for the 1.5- and 3-MM-tpy mines.

Jan 1, 1976

By John D. Prater

Thallium is one of the rarer metals that has come into commercial importance in recent years. Although the element was first reported by Crookes in seleniferous deposits in lead chambers of a sulfuric acid plant in the Harz Mountains of Germany, it had no commercial significance until about 190O because of the high cost of extraction. Thallium occurs widely in the earth's crust but is found in such low concentrations that it is recovered only as a byproduct from processing other elements. There are no domestic ores of thallium; the entire output in this country is supplied by the American Smelting & Refining Co. as a byproduct of its cadmium operations at Globe, Colo. Thallium also is recovered from the flue dusts of sulfuric acid works in which thallium-bearing materials are used and as a byproduct of the lithopone industry. This paper describes methods for recovery of thallium from 'white arsenic" and lead Cottrell-precipitator dust of the American Smelting & Refining Co., lead smelter, Murray, Utah. Owing to an enlarged market for thallium because of increased military requirements and expanded peacetime uses, the Salt Lake Station of the Bureau of Mines surveyed the occurrence of thallium in ores, concentrates, and smelter products from all parts of the nation and found the most promising source was certain smelter products of the American Smelting & Refining Co. plant, Murray, Utah. Much of the thallium was being lost in marketed arsenic products; therefore, this investigation was undertaken to develop methods for recovering the thallium.

Jan 1, 1952

By R. L. King, J. Cervik, A. A. Campoli

The Bureau of Mines performed laboratory experiments to evaluate the triboelectric effect of particulate-laden gas streams on polyethylene pipe at various velocity, humidity, dust-size, and dust-load conditions. Charges in excess of 10 kV were produced on the outside and inside surfaces of laboratory pipe samples, when exposed to 40 pct relative humidity (RH) gas stream containing coal dust. However, no charges were produced in laboratory tests that duplicated the over 75 pct RH and dust-free gas streams found in working underground pipelines. Bare cop- per wire, which is wound around the polyethylene pipe in a 1-ft (31-cm) spacing and grounded, eliminated the charge on the outside surface of the pipe, but not on the inside of the pipe surface,

Jan 1, 1986

By R. H. Sprute

The Federal Bureau of Mines performed laboratory tests using direct current to dewater and densify fine-grained coal sludge in order to alleviate disposal problems and lead to recovery of high energy value often present in this waste. The laboratory tests described in the main body of the report were performed on thickened underflow (no flucculant added) from a northern Appalachian coal preparation plant. Solids in this slurry was very fine with 65 percent of the particles less than 0.1 mm in diameter. A variety of application procedures tested is exemplified by a test in which a soupy slurry (55 percent dry-weight moisture content) was converted into a firm dense material with a 20-percent dry-weight moisture content. These results were achieved in 3 hours with current density of 3.7 amp/ft2 and a power expenditure of 35 kwhr/yd3. The treated material has an average heating value of 10,400 Btu/lb. Varying current density, electrode configuration, and placement depth makes application of the treatment flexible. Two other types of sludge were tested briefly--thickener underflow from a southern Appalachian coal preparation plant with flocculant added, and sludge from an acid mine drainage treatment plant. The underflow responded well to the treatment, but response of the sludge from the acid mine drainage treatment plant was poor.

Jan 1, 1976

By Thomas J. Peters

In 1987, at the request of the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, the Bureau of Mines studied the 350-acre Henry?s Lake Wilderness Study Area (ID-035-077) in order to evaluate its identified mineral resources. The Wilderness Study Area is located in northern Fremont County, ID, approximately 140 air miles north-northeast of Pocatello and 3 miles south of the Montana border. The Wilderness Study Area is near the north shore of Henry's Lake at the foot of the southwest-facing slope of Black Mountain. Archean hornblende gneiss, the main rock type present, crops out northeast of the Madison Range Fault, which trends northwest across the southwest corner of the Wilderness Study Area.

Jan 1, 1988

By D. R. Tesarik, F. M. Jones, J. B. Seymour, L. A. Martin, T. J. Williams

Determining backfill stress is an important part of evaluating mine safety, whether personnel are working in proximity to backfill or in other areas of the mine where backfill is an integral part of regional support. To assist in determining stress in backfill more accurately, researchers from the Spokane Research Laboratory of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Placer Dome, Inc. (Turquoise Ridge Mine), Peabody Energy Co. (Foidel Creek Mine), and Hecla Mining Co. (Lucky Friday Mine) used temperature readings recorded by thermistors to correct for the influence of temperature on stress data. These thermistors were positioned in the stems of earth pressure cells installed in backfill. Corrections were then calculated and compared using four different methods: polynomial equations fit to temperature-versus-stress plots before the pressure cells were loaded by overburden, a factor provided by the manufacturer, a theoretically derived factor, and a linear correction factor based on information collected during periods when no mining was taking place. To evaluate the accuracy of these methods, corrected stresses were calculated using each method and results compared to cumulative stresses caused by blasting at one of the mines. Results indicated that only a small percentage of the temperature effect on stress was corrected using the factor from the manufacturer because that factor accounted for only the pressure transducer and not the entire instrument body. Stresses adjusted with a linear correction factor based on information collected during periods when no mining was taking place were the most accurate. Stresses recorded at two other mines were corrected using the theoretical method and the polynomial equations method; the two methods produced similar results. For some time intervals, the results were identical.

Jan 4, 2006

By L. B. Berger

This information circular is a revision of I.C. 7238, Danger from Carbon Monoxide in the Home, by L. B. Berger and H. H. Schrenk, issued in April 1943. Each winter brings its toll of deaths and serious accidents from the deadly gas, carbon monoxide. Newspapers carry warnings to the public of the, dangers of this gas, and frequent news items report the finding of persons dead at unconscious from the effects of carbon monoxide, yet these accidents continue. Either these warnings are not read, or they are unheeded by people who feel that, "It can't happen to me." It can happen to you carbon monoxide is no respecter of persons.

Jan 1, 1954