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Certain information contained herein regarding Champion Minerals Inc., including management?s assessment of future plans and operations, may constitute forward-looking statements under applicable securities law and necessarily involve risks, including but not limited to risks associated with mining exploration, operating costs, production costs, volatility of share prices, currency fluctuations, imprecision of resource and reserve estimates, environmental risks and ability to access sufficient capital from internal and external sources. As a consequence, actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in any forward looking statements. Plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in any forward-looking statements or information should not be read as guarantees of future results or events, and will not necessarily be accurate indications of whether or when or by which such results or events will be achieved. Except as required by law, Champion Minerals Inc., expressly disclaims any intention and undertakes no obligation to update any forward looking statements or information as conditions change. The historical mineral resources mentioned are strictly historical in nature and are non-compliant to National Instrument 43-101 mineral resources and mineral reserves standards, and should therefore not be relied upon. A qualified person has not done sufficient work to upgrade or classify the historical mineral resources as current National Instrument NI-43-101 compliant.

May 1, 2011

By Jennifer Pell

Dunsmuir Ventures? Nanuq diamond project is located approximately 250 km northeast of Baker Lake and 170 km north of Chesterfield Inlet. It occurs at the intersection of the Wager Bay shear zone with the Keewatin Arch, a major long-lived crustal uplift. The newly discovered diamondiferous kimberlites at Rankin Inlet, Repulse Bay and on Melville Peninsula also occur along this arch. Kimberlite indicator mineral (KIM) sampling has outlined a distinct KIM train more than 35 km long and 6 km wide. Geomorphological studies, boulder displacements and dispersion of magnetite in tills suggest that glacial transport distances were on the order of 4 to 6 kms only. The presence of multiple sources within the main Nanuq indicator train would account for its length and breadth. A second train has been located on the west central part of the property and anomalous concentrations of KIM occur elsewhere. Pyrope garnets (G9?s and G10?s), diamond inclusion field (DI) eclogitic garnets and DI chromites were confirmed by microprobe analyses. Clinopyroxene thermobarometry indicates a cool geotherm, approximately 35 mW/m2, and that mantle within the diamond stability field was tapped. An aeromagnetic survey has identified a number of anomalies. Those with down ice KIM support will have ground geophysical follow-up and will be tested in a spring 2004 drill program. Dunsmuir is optimistic that this will lead to the discovery of a new kimberlite cluster on the Nanuq property.

May 1, 2004

By Stanley K. Haines

This Bureau of Mines publication comprises 19 tables of data concerning domestic barite production and consumption, imports, and world production for the years 1880 to 1976. Barite is vital to the petroleum industry, with 90 percent of domestic consumption used in drilling muds. Domestic production has traditionally fallen short of consumption: in 1976, 41 percent of the 2.2 million tons consumed was imported. World production of barite increased from 269,000 tons in 1923 to 5.2 million tons in 1975 but is in danger of falling short of future demand. The compiled data provide a comprehensive base of information.

Jan 1, 1978

Tunnelling under squeezing ground conditions poses significant challenges. There are fundamental differences in the choice of support for mining as opposed to civil engineering. This paper reviews ground support strategies that have been used to control large deformations in mining excavations based on field data from five different mines in Australia and Canada. Recommendations are made for improved ground control strategies in squeezing rock conditions.

Jan 1, 2008

By Francis Chartrand

The Kwyjibo deposit is an iron oxide Cu-REE-F-Mo-Au mineralization of Mesoproterozoic age located in the Grenville Province approximately 120 km NE of Sept-Îles, Quebec (Figure 1). Occurring along the SE margin of the Canatiche granitic complex, the deposit is composed of several polymetallic showings that are related to different textural facies of magnetite. The mineralization process at Kwyjibo is complex, and is divided into Early Granitophile, Magnetite, Main Polymetallic and Specular Hematite stages (Cayer et al., submitted for publication). The Main Polymetallic stage, comprising chalcopyrite, pyrite, fluorite, molybdenite and REE-bearing minerals, is superimposed on pre-existing magnetiterich rocks. Discovered by SOQUEM Inc. in 1993, the Kwyjibo deposit shares many characteristics with other hydrothermal polymetallic iron oxide deposits around the world. Foose and McLelland (1995) suggested that this class of mineralization could occur in the Grenville Province. However, only a few polymetallic occurrences are known to be associated with low-Ti iron oxide deposits in the Grenville. Kwyjibo is one of the most significant examples of a polymetallic iron oxide deposit to have been found in the Grenville Province to-date.

May 1, 2003

By G. H. Wigton

THE oxidized ores of the Chief Consolidated Mining Co., in the Tintic mining district, have never yielded to metallurgical treatment by any standard method except smelting. These ores occur in comparatively small, irregular, siliceous replacements in limestone, and carry silver, lead, and gold as the principal valuable metals. But smelting methods. are unsatisfactory, as the lead smelters heavily penalize the large amount of silica in the ore, and the copper smelters do not pay for the lead in the ore; therefore, an alternative treatment method was sought. In 1916, a metallurgical research department was organized under; the direction of the writer. Many standard metallurgical methods were investigated but, on oxidized ore, none yielded extraction great enough to make its use feasible. During some chloridizing-roasting experiments in 1916, made in an assay muffle, the writer noted that large proportions of the silver, lead, and gold were volatilized from certain oxidized ores. The possibility of volatilizing the metals and collecting them in the form of a concentrated fume was then studied. But, as it was shown that satisfactory chloride-volatilization would be limited to a furnace feed with a high fusing temperature of the non-volatilizable constituents, and as the results obtained in a rotary kiln with the admixture of common salt with the ground ore were inferior to muffle tests, further volatilization experiments were discontinued until 1920. During this interval, an experimental sulfidizing and flotation plant was operated. After the cessation of attempts to float the oxidized minerals, chloride-volatilization experiments were resumed. The highly infusible flotation. tailing from the operation of the flotation mill was used for furnace feed. The first tests made on flotation tailing mixed with 10 per cent. common salt showed -nearly complete lead and gold volatilization but considerably less volatilization of silver than in muffle tests. In attempts to increase the silver extraction, the percentage salt in the furnace feed was varied, and it soon became apparent that the use of smaller percentages of salt raised the fusion temperature of the furnace charge and thus,

Jan 8, 1925

By Douglas W. Fuerstenau, Pradip Pradip

The design and development of selective flotation collectors has been the key to the remarkable success of flotation in beneficiating complex, difficult-to-process ores. Sustained research efforts in the field over the past hundred years have led to delineating the scientific basis of selective mineral flotation in terms of the crystal chemistry and the surface and colloid chemistry of minerals including their solubility, and the aqueous solution chemistry of added reagents. It is now well-established that the electrical double layer theory (EDL) is the most powerful means of quantifying the relative strength of mineral-reagent interactions in the case of nonsulfide minerals. We illustrate the utility and the power of the EDL in delineating the science underlying selective mineral flotation with the help of a few examples taken from our own work, in particular on the selective flotation of rare-earth minerals (bastnaesite) from associated semisoluble minerals (barite and calcite) using alkyl hydroxamate collectors and the flotation separation of lithium-containing minerals (spodumene) from associated alumino-silicate minerals with oleate (fatty acids). Both of these mineral separation systems are of contemporary research interest and of immense value to the industry today. Recent advances in utilizing molecular modeling computations, particularly in the context of quantifying the effect of crystal chemistry and the relative distribution of adsorption sites available on mineral cleavage planes, are also reviewed.

By L R. Marshall, M J. Rubenach, T G. Blenkinsop, J S. Cleverley

The source and transport regions of fluidised (transported) breccias outcrop in the Cloncurry Fe-oxide-Cu-Au district, providing insights into the origins of other fluidised magmatic-hydrothermal breccias such as kimberlites. Discordant dikes and pipes with rounded clasts of metasedimentary calc-silicate rocks and minor felsic and mafic intrusions extend several kilometres upwards and outwards from the contact aureole of the 1530 Ma Williams Batholith into overlying schists and amphibolites. The brecciation initiated at depths >10 km and may have resulted in surface breaching. We used analytical equations for particle transport to estimate clast velocities (eÆ 20 ms-1), approaching volcanic ejecta rates (up to 80 ms-1). The wide range of CO2 fluid inclusion densities (up to 150 MPa), the localisation of the base of the breccias in contact aureoles, and the scale and discordancy of the bodies suggests the breccia transport process was triggered by an abrupt release of overpressured fluid. At these depths, such extreme behaviour may have been achieved by release of dissolved fluids from crystallising magma, in combination with a strongly fractured and fluid-laden source, sitting under a strong, low permeability barrier, and such parameters may be analogous to the asthenosphere/lithosphere boundary in the case of kimberlite initiation. The relationship of these breccias to the Ernest Henry iron-oxide-Cu-Au deposit suggests they may have been either fertile or æfailedÆ orebody feeders.

Jan 1, 2005

By Graeme McWhirter

This paper discusses the Installation of a Vibwall for the Cardiff Bay Barrage Project Wales, UK, by Kvaerner Cementation Foundations. Only the second use of the technique in the UK the wall was successfully placed to a depth in excess of 20 metres, in unique and challenging conditions. The installation of the Vibwall was a technical success, but not a financial one. The use of the technique was at its "limits" and this paper recommends some of the controls essential in the carrying out of such work in the future.

Jan 1, 2000

By N. Paas

Diesel powered equipment has been operated in underground coal fir mare than 50 years. According to the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), there are approximately 3,000 diesel units operating in underground coal mines in the United States. This number is expected to reach 5,000 diesel units in 250 coal mines by the year 2000. Also, there are approximately 5,000 diesel units operating in metal/nonmetal mines such as trine, potash and salt mines: and more than 3,000 diesel units operating in Canada. This increased popularity of diesel powered equipment over trolley wire, electric trailing cable or battery powered equipment is because of improved safety, greater mobility, higher productivity and increased power of diesel equipment. The operation if diesel powered equipment is not without challenges. Diesel engines generate exhaust emissions, in particular carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and diesel particulate matter that must be maintained at safe levels. The chief method to control ambient exposure has been dilution by ventilation. A new concept to ensure continued safe ambient emissions levels from diesel equipment in underground mines is the EMISSIONS MANAGEMENT PROGRAM™. The program encompasses all factors that will influence diesel emissions. By ESTABLISHING low tailpipe emissions through technology, such as clean engines, clean fuel selection, exhaust aftertreatment devices and filtration of the exhaust gases via the Dry System ™, this program ensures that the baseline emissions are at their lowest technically feasible concentrations. The DST Dry System™ exhaust conditioner reduces DPM by over 98%, as demonstrated through laboratory research at the West Virginia University. Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions and odor are similarly reduced. MAINTAINING these low emissions requires an expanded training program for operators and mechanics, onboard feed-back devices and a maintenance program with special focus on events and faults that can alter emissions. Finally, an on-board emissions sampling system allows the mechanic to VERIFY emissions levels and help diagnose engine faults. If the tailpipe emissions fall outside an established limit for a particular equipment, corrective actions will be initiated.

Feb 24, 1997

By G. L. Mowrey, S. D. Maksimovic

An important element of the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) mining research program is the development and evaluation of reliable coal interface detection (CID) systems. Commercially available CID sensors based on natural gamma radiation (NGR) are only applicable if the immediate roof is composed of shaley material. The USBM has made numerous underground and laboratory measurements using several NGR systems approved for installation on mining machines by the Mine Safety and Health Administration. In addition, two small handheld NGR instruments were used to make comparative measurements. Underground NGR measurements in 10 different coal seams, potassium-uranium-thorium radiometric analyses on samples from 16 seams, and chemical analyses of coal and rock for correlation with NGR counts were made. Laboratory test results on the effect of air gap and sample thickness, size, and weight on the NGR measurements, as well as general results of the various NGR systems, are discussed.

Jan 1, 1995

By Frank Chase, M. Terry Hoch, George Karabin, Joseph C. Zelanko, Christopher Mark

Pillar recovery continues to be a significant ground control hazard. During the past decade, 10 miners were killed during pillar extraction operations in southern West Virginia. Studies conducted during the past decade have identified a number of “risk factors” that can be used to evaluate pillar extraction plans: •Cut sequence •Final stump •Timber or Mobile Roof Supports •Roof bolting •Intersection span •Depth of cover •Roof quality •Age of workings For each of these factors, rock mechanics science suggests which alternative would be expected to be more risky. For example, numerical models were used to evaluate different cut sequences, and indicated that less roof convergence occurred with the outside lift method than with the Christmas tree in the particular environment simulated. For many of the risk factors, accident statistics confirm the science. One finding was that currently almost 70% of the retreat coal in southern WV is being mined with MRS. In contrast, timber supports were used in 70% of the past decade’s pillaring fatalities. This paper discusses each of the risk factors in turn, presents the relevant accident statistics, and shows how the risk factors can be combined to estimate the overall hazard. It also addresses the use of pillar design to minimize the risk of global stability hazards including squeezes, massive collapses, and bumps.

By Emöke Imre

A point-symmetrical linear coupled consolidation model with displacement boundary condition is suggested for the description of the consolidation around the pile tip after pile penetration. Analytical solution is given. Main features of the solutions are predicted by the analysis of the system of differential equations and, the boundary conditions.

Jan 1, 2002

By E. Pizarro, A. Videla, G. Compan

One of the main problems related to mining investment decisions is the use of accurate prediction models. Metallurgical recovery is a major source of variability, and in this regard, the Chuquicamata processing plant recovery was modelled as a function of geomining-metallurgical data and ore characteristics obtained from a historical database. In particular, the dataset gathered contains information related to feed grades, ore hardness, particle size, mineralogy, pH, and flotation reagents. A systemic approach was applied to fit a multivariate regression model representing the copper recovery in the plant. The systemic approach consists of an initial projection of the characteristic grinding product size (P80), based upon energy consumption at the particle size reduction step, followed by a flotation recovery model. The model allows for an improvement in the investment decision process by predicting performance and risk. The final geometallurgical model uses eight operational variables and is a significant improvement over conventional prediction models. A validation was performed using a recent data-set, and this showed a high correlation coefficient with a low mean absolute error, which reveals that the geometallurgical model is able to predict, with acceptable accuracy, the actual copper recovery in the plant.

Jan 1, 2015

By R Munoz, R González, J Vallejos, A Delonca

In panel caving in underground mines, it is essential to characterise and monitor the stress and stability state of production level pillars to ensure the extraction of the mineralised ore column and the safety of workers. Pilar Norte is a sector in the El Teniente mine that forms a pillar between the undercut fronts of the adjacent Esmeralda and Reservas Norte sectors. It exists in a high-stress environment, which may induce damage to the rock mass production pillars. Generally, numerical models are calibrated using observed damage in galleries. This procedure does not discriminate between the structural condition and/or the blasting damage effects. This paper proposes a technique that uses borehole cameras to measure stress-induced damage. This has the advantage of being at the intact rock scale, meaning that the effect of geological structures is negligible and the blasting damage factor is eliminated. Comprehensive geotechnical characterisation and tomography monitoring has been undertaken at Pilar Norte to describe and determine the rock mass behaviour of the production pillars. By combining analytical, empirical and numerical models, a correlation between the measured overbreak recorded by the borehole cameras and the stress level of the pillar was developed. The methodology can be routinely applied to estimate the stress state in the production pillars.CITATION:González, R, Munoz, R, Vallejos, J and Delonca, A, 2016. Characterisation and monitoring of the stress state of production pillars at El Teniente Mine, in Proceedings Seventh International Conference and Exhibition on Mass Mining (MassMin 2016), pp 197–202 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

May 9, 2016

By I. J. Barker

Keywords: Submerged-arc furnace, plasma furnace, d.c. furnace, scale up, Søderberg electrodes, smart grid, demand side management, load shedding This paper argues that the scale up of furnaces and the supply of electricity are going to be two major issues that will affect the ferro-alloy industry in the near future, and that economic factors will drive this development. The most common type of furnace for producing ferro-alloys at present is the submerged-arc furnace with three electrodes, fed from a three-phase a.c. electrical supply. The scale up of this technology has now reached a fundamental constraint, which is caused by the electrical reactance of the secondary circuit. If the economy of any further scale up is to be achieved in the future then a different technology will have to be used. The supply of electrical power in future is likely to become a more complex issue than it is at present. Existing submerged-arc furnaces tend to run at fairly steady loads, but the ability to swing the load under demand-side management may offer advantages, and may allow a furnace to get cheaper power from the organisations that supply this power. This will have to be counterbalanced against the nuisance factors incurred by having a varying load in the operation of the furnace. Various options are therefore discussed in this paper. The possibility of scale up of Søderberg electrodes is discussed, as well as the use of d.c. power and multiple electrodes. Some of the issues with load swinging are also examined. A particular scenario is also briefly presented to show that considerable further scale up of ferro-alloy furnaces is still possible.

Jan 1, 2011

By A. Philipp, A. S. Middleton, G. A. Harron, A. B. Durham

"Basal till sampling techniques were used to search for gold mineralization in the Timmins, Ontario area. During 1978 and 1979, approximately 90 overburden sampling drill holes were completed in Murphy and Hoyle Townships to test specific geophysically defined target areas. A conventional tricone dual tube drill system, and a unique retractable tricone/rock coring system were used to various advantages.First pass till sampling at 800 to 1200 ft intervals perpendicular to ice transport direction yielded anomalous gold values in till and carbonatized quartz pyrite-rich bedrock chips, and lateritic soil. Subsequent induced polarization-resistivity surveys defined the areal extent of a pyritic carbonate alteration zone. A second pass till sampling/limited rock coring program evaluated the gold mineralization potential of the alteration zone. Diamond drilling has substantiated the till and bedrock gold anomalies. Further evaluation of this mineralization is currently in progress. IntroductionThis paper describes an integrated geochemical/geophysical gold mineralization discovery case history in Hoyle Township. This discovery is on a property jointly owned (I983) by Canamax Resources Inc. and Du Pont of Canada Exploration Limited. Exploration of the property began in 1978 by Rosario Resources Canada Ltd. and in 1979 a joint venture agreement was signed with Du Pont of Canada Exploration Limited. Rosario Resources Canada Ltd. was taken over by Amax Minerals Exploration in 1981, which became Canamax Resources Inc. in 1982.The work described in this paper deals with a gold mineralization discovery located three-quarters of a mile northwest of the gold deposit currently being readied for underground exploration and development. Further drilling is required to investigate the economic potential of the gold mineralization herein described."

Jan 1, 1987

By Emerson de Andrade Monteiro

As ligas de titânio ao Nióbio apresentam grande potencial de desenvolvimento graças a excelentes combinações de propriedades. O tratamento termomecânico a elas conferido é importante para atingir as propriedades desejadas. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito da conformação mecânica nas propriedades da liga Ti42Nb forjada a frio com 80% de encruamento e seguido de envelhecimento. Foram realizados ensaios de tração, medidas de dureza, metalografia e microscopia das superfícies de fratura. Foi possível observar que a liga Ti42Nb apresentou maior dureza e consequentemente maior resistência após o envelhecimento.

Aug 16, 2017

The phenomena of nature cannot present themselves to any thinking wild without claiming from it some solution. The earth, as it has often been observed, is laid out like a well ordered cabinet, presenting to us, in measure, some means of judging how the laws of nature and the essential properties of matter have worked out all we see before us. "That there have been depositions of strata gradually laid down aud stocked with the remains of the living objects, vegetable and animal, that flourished when they were being imposed, is an universally acknowledged fact. It speaks of a constantly maintained series of operations whereby the globe has been brought to its present condition, and which are ever advancing it to stages that are still before it. That immeasurable ages have been consumed in effecting these developments is also conceded. We witness the very graduated rate of the existing advances and can see that the past action must have been conducted in the same slow deliberate manner. There are many questions, however, upon which inquirers are not agreed, hence they are still within the domains of fair discussion.What has led to those great climatic changes whereby the same portions of the earth have had at various times climates that were glacial, temperate, and tropical? What causes the constant contortions and dislocations of strata and the upheaval and depression of land levels, and that there is a tendency to alternation in the parallel areas undergoing opposite kinds of movement as if the sinking of one area balanced the rIsing of another? What is the reason that the centres of volcanic action are continually shifting, and that the line of greatest activity is always upon the rising areas? That portions of the earth have been subjected to intense alid long continued volcanic action, and again to long periods of repose, and that the periods of activity and repose are·recurrent at long intervals of time? What the mountain chains of the world are in broadly parallel bands? What has caused the stratified rocks to be tilted from their original?

By A. Golshani, M. Oda, K. Suzuki, T. Takemura

Anisotropic behaviours of OhshimaOshima granite were investigated by carrying out uniaxial compression tests, together with observations of microcracks under an optical microscope. The elastic modulus tensor of Oshima granite at 10 per cent strength,E10, were calculated using theoretically formulation of elastic modulus tensor in terms of the second-rank crack tensor for pre-existing open microcracks. Furthermore, with the assumption of orthorhombic elasticity, the nine moduli of Oshima granite E10were determined by uniaxial compression test. Twenty-onemoduli of samples, calculated without assuming any symmetry, also showed orthorhombic features. Direction of the symmetry axes agreed well with the orientation of preexisting cracks. Comparison of crack tensor-based formulation results with the experimentally determined one show that the anisotropy of elasticity of Oshima granite is caused by pre-existing open microcracks, not by pre-existing healed microcracks and also crack tensor formulation can be used, as a first-order approximation at least, to describe the anisotropy of Oshima granite induced by pre-existing open microcracks. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Das anisotrope Verhalten des Oshima-Granits wurde mit Hilfe voneinachsigen Kompressionstests und durch die Betrachtung von Mikrorissen unter einem optischenLichtmikroskop untersucht. Das Elastizitätsmodul von Oshima-Granit bei 10 Prozent Kraft E10wurde berechnet, indem man die Formulierung des Elastizitätsmodultensors, ausgedrückt alsRisstensor zweiter Ordnung theoretisch auf bereits existierende Mikrorisse angewandt hat.Außerdem wurden die neun Module des Oshima-Granits unter der Annahme orthorhombischerElastizität E10mit einem einachsigen Kompressionstest bestimmt. Einundzwanzig Stichproben,die ohne die Annahme irgendeiner Symmetrie genommen wurden, zeigten ebenfallsorthorhombische Merkmale. Die Richtung der Symmetrieachsen stimmte mit der Orientierungbereits vorhandener Risse überein. Der Vergleich der Ergebnisse der auf dem Risstensorbasierenden Formulierung mit der experimentell bestimmten Formulierung zeigt, dass dieAnisotropie der Elastizität von Oshima-Granit von bereits vorhandenen offenen Mikrorissenverursacht wird, und nicht von vorhandenen vernarbten Mikrorissen, und dass dieRisstensorformulierung auch zumindest für eine Annäherung erster Ordnung benutzt werdenkann, um die durch vorhandene offene Mikrorisse induzierte Anisotropie des Oshima-Granits zubeschreiben. RESUME: Les comportements anisotropes du granit d’Oshima ont été étudiés en réalisant destests de compression simple, et en observant les microfissures au microscope optique. Le tenseurdu module d’élasticité du granit d’Oshima sous une résistance de 10 pourcents, E10, a été calculéen se servant de la formule théorique du tenseur de module d’élasticité basé sur le tenseur defissures de second ordre des microfissures ouvertes préexistantes. En outre, sur base del’hypothèse de l’élasticité orthorhombique, les neuf modules du granit d’Oshima ont étédéterminés par des tests de compression simple. Vingt et un modules d’échantillons, calculés endehors de toute hypothèse de symétrie, ont aussi montré des caractéristiques orthorhombiques. Ladirection des axes de symétrie correspondait bien à l’orientation des fissures préexistantes. Lacomparaison des résultats de la formule basée sur le tenseur de fissures avec les résultatsdéterminés expérimentalement montrent que l’anisotropie de l’élasticité du granit d’Oshimaprovient des microfissures ouvertes préexistantes, et non de microfissures préexistantes referméeset que la formule du tenseur de fissures peut servir, au moins comme première approximation, àdécrire l’anisotropie du granit d’Oshima marqué par des microfissures ouvertes préexistantes.

Jan 1, 2003