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By D. Roy Eccles

A multi-element geochemical response, with contrasts of up to 29 times background, was obtained in soil above the Mountain Lake Diatreme, northwestern Alberta. The overall geochemical signature is indicative of an ultramafic source; geochemical responses contain elevated concentrations of Co, Cr,O, Cu and Ni with the presence of high Ba, Ga, HI, PO,, Rb, Ta, Ti and light rare earth elements suggestive ofa kimberlite or lamproite body. The shape, or morphology, of the enzyme leach-based geochemical signature over the Mountain Lake Diatreme combines moderately strong to strong oxidation halos, or a rabbit's- ear geochemical profile, with a sharply-defined apical geochemical profile. Because some Alberta diatremes discovered to date form positive topographic highs, the resultant geochemical signature may express the soil development profile that forms directly on top of kimberlitic and lamproitic bodies. The enzyme leach technique, which has proven to be a useful tool in base metal, precious metal and petroleum exploration, may have a significant impact on exploration for kimberlite, lamproite and related rocks in Alberta by providing industry with a useful and cost effective tool to probe blind and/or buried anomalies identified by airborne and ground magnetic surveys in areas of glacial overburden.

Jan 1, 2001

By M Reza Afshar

In this work a mathematical model was developed to study the effect of electromagnetic force on the magnesium melt containing nonmetallic inclusion in an electrical isolated channel. The electromagnetic force exerted on the inclusion induced by DC current field was calculated. A three dimensional turbulent flow equations were solved numerically to compute the velocity field within the channel. On the basis of computed velocity and magnetic fields, the trajectories of inclusions were calculated using the equations of motion for inclusions. Parametric studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of various parameters such as current density, channel diameter and particle density on the removal efficiency of inclusions from magnesium melts.

Jan 1, 2004

By Maurice Hall Haycock

ONE result of the higher price of gold has been the exploitation of many low-grade deposits, the successful treatment of which depends upon obtaining high recovery of the contained gold. Modern methods have made it possible to recover gold from many ores formerly regarded as impossible to treat economically, but in order to apply these methods efficiently it has become desirable, and indeed in many cases indispensable, to gain precise information concerning their mineralogical and physical character. The most successful means of doing this is the use of the reflecting microscope. Reflecting microscopes had long been employed by metallurgists for studying polished surfaces of iron and steel when, thirty years ago, Dr. W. Campbell, of Columbia University, advanced the idea of using similar methods for studying opaque minerals (1). The immediate result was the completion of two microscopic studies, the first on Cobalt silver ores (2) and the second on Sudbury nickel ores (3). The idea was surprisingly slow in being adopted, and not until 1911 did it begin to spread through the universities of this continent. From then on, ore microscopy, or 'mineragraphy', made rapid progress, and, during the next fifteen years, research in universities of North America and Europe led to the development of somewhat specialized apparatus and technique. This phase of development, which resulted largely in contributions of a descriptive nature, furnished a mass of data from which the possibility of economic applications was soon recognized. Ore microscopy became an aid to the mining geologist in solving many problems of ore deposition. This soon led to its application in the study of ores and mill products in connection with their treatment. Its usefulness in this latter field has been very marked and has led to its widespread adoption by the mining industry.

Jan 1, 1937

By Xiaozhu Chen, Qi Ping, Pu Yuan, Qinyong Ma

"In order to investigate the fractal feature of coalmine deep rock fragments under impact loads, variable cross-section split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus, 50 mm in diameter, was adopted to conduct impact compressive test for rock specimens from -962m deep coalmine. Various impact pressures, such as 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2MPa, were selected to implement different loading rates. Sieving statistical analyses were conducted for rock fragments after being impacted, and the particle size distribution of broken rock in various loading rates were calculated with the fractal method and then the corresponding fractal dimension was obtained. Test results shows that there is a good self-similarity and fractal feature in fragments distribution of deep coalmine sandstone under impact loads. The fractal dimension of fragments is between 1.9 and 2.7. The research also indicates that there is an approximate power relationship between dynamic compressive strength and fractal dimension, and a strength power relationship between fractal dimension and average strain rate. Moreover, there is a linear relationship between fractal dimension and specimen absorbed energy. The rock fractured process can be quantitatively described through fractal dimension, which can reflect the deep rock broken degree and is an ideal index to evaluate the distribution of rock fragments.INTRODUCTIONBroken rock is one of the most basic processes in mining operations, rock fragmentation has always been an important index to evaluate rock breaking effect (Xu & Yu, 1984). Macroscopic fragmentation of rock material is the final results of continuous development, expansion, gathering and cutthrough of internal micro-cracks. This process, developing from microscopic damage to macroscopic fragmentation, is an energy dissipation process and shows fractal characteristics (Xie, 1993). Turcotte (1986) has conducted statistical analyses of fragmentation for different kinds of geological materials under various broken conditions, and arrived at the conclusion that fragmentation distribution is a fractal."

Jan 1, 2015

By M. Marchese

It is no secret that scarcity of fresh water is an issue that at a global level in the years to come will have a major impact on the business landscape. A number of projects, beyond the mining sector, could remain on paper only due to this. At the same time, this situation is seeing the rise of new business opportunities, such as development of technologies for more efficient usage of water, water recycling, and desalinization of sea water. Despite that most of Chilean mining facilities are located in the driest area of the world, business has developed strongly and actively for more than a century. However, the negative effect on the water reservoirs and the environment is, lately, resulting in the reduction of the authorized water rights. Holding Water Rights for any given volume does not guarantee that the resource will be available when needed. A recent report from the United Nations on global climate change indicates that global warming can be directly related to changes in the natural and human environment. Chile would not be an exception. The reduction in snow levels in the high Andes and reduced rainfall during the so called "Bolivian winter", have directly affected the replenishing of the underground water reservoirs in the lower parts of the valleys, where most of the extraction of the resource takes place. Mining facilities shall be designed to reduce potential environmental effects, using proven technologies, and considering the best practices available. These measures shall constitute a complete structural framework for the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of the Project. The measures to prevent and mitigate the impacts on the water resources shall be considered during the design stage of a mining project. Current and future mining projects in Chile are conscious that the increasing pressure on the limited water resources is becoming unsustainable, and are already facing the water scarcity and social pressure by implementing sea water desalination plants, including long pressurized pipelines to the mine sites (e.g. Escondida, Candelaria, El Morro, Regalito). This paper presents, in summary, an analysis of the present and potential future scenarios.

Jan 1, 2007

By W. H. MacLean, S. Liaghat

The Key Tuffite is a thick (0.3 m to 6 m) and laterally extensive (-10 km) cherty, sulfide-bearing tuff unit in Archean greenstones in the Matagami mining district in northwestern Quebec. It lies at the contact of the Watson Lake Group and overlying Wabassee Group volcanic rocks, and is host to major Zn-Cu volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits. The tuff component is highly altered and its volcanic precursors are not identifiable by petrographic means. The tuff is mixed with a volcanic exhalative component comprising chert, carbonate and sulfides (pyrite, pyrrhotite, and minor sphalerite and chalcopyrite). The normative mineral composition of the Key Tuffite is 33% quartz, 28% sulfides, 16% sericite, 8070 carbonate, 6% chlorite and 9% other minerals. In the vicinity of the Bell Allard and Orchan mines, the precursor tuff components are identified using immobile major and trace elements, as Watson Lake tholeiitic rhyolite (Zr/Y = 1.5 to 3.5, LaN/ybN = 1.7 to 2.8, SiO2 = 72.5 ± 1.2 wt %, and Wabassee calc-alkaline andesite (Zr/Y = 9, LaN/YbN= 4 to 8, SiO2 = 56% to 65%). Immobile element computation techniques were used to calculate mass additions and losses in the conversion of the tuff to the Key Tuffite. Average net amounts of FeP3 (27% total iron), Si02 (14%), Cao (8%), S and K2 (+ 2%), were added, Nap was removed (-2.8%), and MgO was over-all unchanged. Total net mass change was +63%, which comprises mainly exhalative additions, but also includes changes owing to hydrothermal alteration of the tuff component.

Jan 1, 1992

By Claudia Gasparrini

"The ore microscope and electron microprobe, two common instruments for academic research, have not been used to full advantage in the Canadian mining industry, perhaps because they are not readily available to most mining companies.The present paper gives a description of the two instruments and of the manner in which, when used together, they contribute to the identification and description of mineralogical and metallurgical samples, and reviews the applications, to . date, in the mineral industry.The metallurgical applications can assist in determining the best separation technique for a particular metal or other economically important element, can provide explanations for poor recovery and/or liberation, can be used to determine theoptimum concentrate grade and can indicate environmental problems that may arise from the extraction process.In certain cases, the use of the two instruments may assist in the evaluation of new mineral deposits and in the determination of the origin of mineralization.IntroductionThe ore microscope and electron microprobe, two widely used instruments in universities and other research institutions, have not been exploited to their full potential by the Canadian mining industry.High-magnification, high-resolution ore microscopes, owned by most Canadian universities and government mining branches, are not widely used by mining organizations. The situation is very much the same with the microprobe. The geology departments of several major Canadian universities have easy access to this instrument. Fifteen of them, to the author's knowledge, own one and a few have already acquired or are planning on acquiring a second and later model. The mining branches of the Canadian Government have similar easy access to microprobes, as at least four of these instruments are available to them in Ottawa alone. The mining companies, on the other hand, except for the few larger ones which have their own research laboratories, have not been able to take advantage of electron microprobes in the past.This failure to exploit good ore microscopes and electron microprobes has been mainly due to a lack of expertise in the use of the two instruments for the study of metallurgical problems related to ore mineralogy. Government institutions providing research and test work to the industry are few in number, and are not always equipped with these instruments or are not geologically-oriented. Information provided on a consulting basis by universities and by government mining branches is normally limited, and frequently is not oriented to the needs of the mining company."

Jan 1, 1980

By M. Staite

This paper analyzed the feasibility of converting a 5kW natural gas SOFC power generator system designed to operate on natural gas to be fuelled by methanol. The analysis included laboratory methanol fuel processing experimentation, methanol reformate SOFC cell testing, and SOFC system mass and energy balance modelling. Methanol fuel processing experimentation indicated that theoretical reformate compositions can be achieved for high temperature (600-900°C) methanol steam reforming. A 6% open circuit voltage decrease and a 10% peak power current density decrease between cell operation on humidified hydrogen and methanol reformate was observed. SOFC system mass and energy balance modelling indicated that a natural gas SOFC system can be converted to operate on methanol fuel with minimal (1%) efficiency impacts, however the systems' thermal integration can be impacted.

Jan 1, 2005

By P. E. Cavanagh

THE Ontario Research Foundation has developed a family of dry magnetic concentrators which, when used in conjunction with a dry grinding mill such as an Aero-fall mill, will allow the production of a completely dry magnetite concentrate. Previous experience with extrusion of iron ore and with pelletizing of fine iron concentrates suggested that it might be possible to develop a method particularly suited to the agglomeration of completely dry concentrates which might have some practical advantages over other methods of agglomeration. Pelletizing is the preferred method of agglomerating very fine iron ore concentrates. Magnetite concentrate is fod to the pelletizing equipment in the form of a moist filter cake. Binders and plasticizers may be added if necessary, and the moisture content must be increased or adjusted to the percentage necessary to give good balling action and satisfactory green strength in the resulting moist pellets. The moist ore with a closely controlled water content of about 7 to 12 per cent moisture may be rolled into pellets by a snow-balling action in a pelletizing drum, a Lurgi pan, or a Mac-Dowell disc pelletizer. The resulting green pellets are fired by one of several alternative processes to produce a hard pellet which has sufficient strength to withstand handling and shipping.

Jan 1, 1957

By H. Zhu, Q. Jiang

The leaching kinetics of iron during the atmospheric direct leaching (ADL) of marmatite concentrate was studied under the following conditions: reaction temperature of 343-383 K, slurry pressure of 0.3-0.7 MPa, particle size of (-74 ?m, +63 ?m), (-63 ?m, +44 ?m), (100%-44 ?m). The statistical effects of reaction temperature, total pressure and particle size of concentrate on the extraction and the leaching rate of iron were analyzed. The results show that reaction temperature is a significant factor while slurry pressure and particle size are not statistically meaningful with respect to the extraction or the leaching rate. The extraction of iron fits better to the mixed-controlled shrinking core model and the apparent activation energy was calculated to be 37.66 kJ/mol. The leaching of iron is mixed controlled by the interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion across the product layer.

Jan 1, 2014

By E. Czech

Hydrogen generated through aluminum-assisted water split reaction is a novel, efficient and environmentally friendly method. It has been found previously that the passivation of aluminum can be prevented in neutral (pH=7) or near neutral pH conditions in water by grinding aluminum with a catalyst, such as A12O3, SiO2 or SiC. Recently, the best results have been obtained by using water-soluble inorganic salts (WIS), ground with aluminum. The massive, rapid corrosion reaction of the Al-WIS system which takes place in regular tap (or marine, or ground) water can be utilized to produce hydrogen by aluminum-assisted water split reaction, in-situ, on-demand. The reaction offers clean, low-cost, environmentally benign and entirely recyclable technology for on-board on-demand hydrogen generation. Besides pure gaseous hydrogen, only pure solid aluminum hydroxides AlOOH or Al(OH)3 are formed as the reaction products. The hydrogen yield and Al-WIS reaction efficiency are high. From 1 g of mechanically alloyed aluminum powder, up to 1.25 liters of hydrogen were generated, i.e. efficiency up to 92% was achieved. The amount of hydrogen and hydrogen generation rate depend on various reaction parameters. The effect of chemistry and concentration of additives, water temperature, powder particle size and milling conditions on the reaction kinetics will be presented and the possible process mechanism will be discussed.

Jan 1, 2005

By A. J. Sinclair, N. Champigny

"The Cinola gold deposit in the northern Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, is in a clastic sequence consisting of a lower shale of the Late Cretaceous Haida Formation and an overlying interbedded sequence of pebble conglomerate and coarse-grained sandstone of the Middle Miocene Skonun Formation. Both formations are intruded by a stock and dykes of porphyritic rhyolite. Two K-Ar model ages indicate mineralization and probably porphyritic-rhyolite intrusion at about 14 Ma (middle Miocene). A splay of the Sandspit fault system constitutes the footwall on the west of the deposit.The Cinola deposit can be classed as Carlin-type based on features such as (1) small particle size for gold, (2) Tertiary age of mineralization, (3) element abundances (e.g. high Hg), (4) dominantly argillic alteration, (5) a structural setting associated with major faults, (6) porosity of the host rock and (7) spatial and possibly genetic association with felsic intrusions. Gold is widespread and occurs mainly as grains of< 0.5 11-m in silicified sedimentary rock, and in quartz veins. Locally, coarse > 100 11-m particles of native gold occur in quartz veins, especially in strongly brecciated porphyritic-rhyolite. Ore minerals are mainly pyrite and marcasite, but include small amounts of chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, pyrrhotite, cinnabar, tiemannite (HgSe), rutile, magnetite, hematite and limonite in addition to native gold and electrum. No silver minerals have been found; silver was found in gold particles in amounts varying from 6.2 to 24.2 weight per cent. Alteration products are sericite, illite, kaolinite and chlorite, with abundant quartz of several stages.The host rocks, specifically the Skonun Formation, formed as an alluvial plain facies in a braided river system discharging into a marine basin in early Middle Miocene time. During the Middle Miocene, this sequence was intruded by a rhyolitic stock. The highly porous and permeable Miocene clastic sequence apparently provided an optimum setting for the development of a large geothermal system, the energy for which probably derived from the rhyolite stock. Mineral deposition followed a well-defined paragenesis, which, from oldest to youngest, is: (1) precipitation of iron sulphide minerals, and early quartz; (2) several stqges of quartz veins, with deposition of sphalerite succeeded by galena, chalcopyrite and visible gold. Micron-size gold was precipitated throughout these two stages of mineral deposition. Argillitization of the host rocks probably in part coincided with the mineralization and continued during cooling of the geothermal cell.In-situ reserves have been estimated at 41.1 million metric tons averaging 1.85 g Au/tonne using a cutoff grade of0.86 g Au/ tonne."

Jan 1, 1982

By L. A. Homeniuk, R. J. McH. Clark

"The Maurice Bay deposit, the Stewart Island showing, the Fond-du-Lac deposit, the Middle Lake showing and the Nisto deposit are located on the North Rim of the Athabasca Basin. They are probably unconformity-related. These occurrences tend to be small. The Fond-du-Lac and Maurice Bay deposits are the largest and contain 450,000 kg and 650,000 kg of U10 8 respectively.Pitchblende is the main uranium mineral of all the occurrences, except at Middle Lake where autunite predominates. A II of the deposits are overlain and partially hosted by the Manitou Falls Formation of the Athabasca Group, except the Nisto deposit which is entirely within basement rocks, and the Maurice Bay deposit which is partially within the basement and overlying the Fair Point Formation of the Athabasca Group.The North Rim deposits are considered to be genetically similar to the other unconformity-type deposits found in northern Saskatchewan. It is suggested that a mechanical concentration of uranium may have occurred in heavy mineral beach sand type placers. The stability of the uranium minerals may have been enhanced by special local conditions. The fossil placers, after hydrothermal alteration and enrichment, would form the apparently ""rootless"" occurrences of uranium found totally within the sandstones above the unconformity.IntroductionAt least five deposits and showings and one train of mineralized glacial erratics of unknown provenance have been located on the North Rim of the Athabasca Basin from Maurice Bay in the west to Black Lake in the east. Distributed over a distance of 250 km, (Fig. l), they occur near the edge of the Basin, and are probably unconformity-related. The following have been identified from west to east (Fig. 2): The Maurice Bay deposit, the Stewart Island showing, the Isle Brochet train, the Fond-du-Lac deposit, the Middle Lake showing, and the Nisto deposit."

Jan 1, 1986

1 INFORMATIONS GÉOLOGIQUES ET PLANIFICATION MINIÈRE La notion de gisement exploitable s&apos;appuie sur les connaissances de géologie, d&apos;ingénierie et tablir la rentabilité en fonction des investissements requis, des coûts de production, et des revenus qui sont tributaires de la demande et des prix des marchés. C&apos;est une notion qui est d&apos;abord diffuse lors de la découverte et de la première délimitation d&apos;un gisement "d&apos;intérêt économique potentiel" mais qui doit se confirmer et se préciser par des travaux additionnels pour devenir de plus en plus quantitative et assurée. 1.1 Informations géologiques Les conditions géologiques varient d&apos;un gisement à l&apos;autre (forme, dimensions, attitude, concentration et continuité -litages, effets de pépites - de la minéralisation). D&apos;autre part, chaque méthodes minière a des contraintes différentes quant aux possibilités de sélectivité d&apos;une part, d&apos;acquisition d&apos;information additionnelle lors du développement de la mine d&apos;autre part. Cette problématique a été résumée au tableau 1, modifié de Vallée et al. (1993) [tableau 5, CIM Bulletin, avril 93, p. 74.].

May 1, 2002

Presentation Outline ERM ? corporate profile Background to sustainability reporting GRI G3 Guidelines (Oct 2006) Best practice examples Contact information ERM ? corporate profile Over 35 years of experience World?s largest all-environmental consultancy* 130+ offices in 40+ countries; 3,200+ professional staff Worked with >50% of the Global Fortune 500 (FY07) Annual turnover > US$500 M (FY07) 2008 Environmental Advisor of Year** Offices/Staff ? Canada (5/50) and US (65/1,350) *Source: Engineering News Record: July 2, 2007 ** Source: Acquisitions Monthly: December 2007

May 1, 2008

By J. A. Allan

OCCURRENCES of salt in Alberta have been mentioned and described by the writer in 1929 (l) and by Cole in 1930 (2). Brine springs occur at a number of places along the valley of Athabaska river north of latitude 56 degrees, and also on the south margin of Salt prairie, twenty-five miles west of Fitzgerald in the vicinity of the 60th parallel of latitude, which is the boundary between Alberta and the Northwest Territories. These salt springs were visited by Sir James Richardson in 1820, and in the same year D. W. Harmon stated that " ... clown Salt river there are several places where almost any quantity of excellent dean white salt may be taken with as much ease as sand along the seashore" (3). One hundred years later, in 1920, when the writer first visited these springs, the "dean white salt" which had accumulated about the springs was about 400 tons ( 4). This paper deals with a thick deposit of rock-salt which has been proved by drilling in the vicinity of McMurray. Particular attention will be given to a well drilled at Waterways early in 1936 by Industrial Minerals, Limited, when a continuous bed of rock-salt was penetrated with a thickness of 199 feet. As this paper is being presented, a salt plant is being completed and a production well is being drilled at the plant. < is salt deposit is in the vicinity of McMurray, close to the junction of the Clearwater and Athabaska rivets, in township 89, range 9, west of the 4th meridian. McMurray is about 240 miles northeast from Edmonton. As shown on Figure 1, Clearwater river, which rises at Methy portage, in Saskatchewan, enters Athabaska river at McMurray. Some three miles above the mouth of Clearwater river, the Hangingstone enters from the southwest. Waterways, where the latest salt development has taken place, is situated at the end of the Northern Alberta railway, a distance of 304 miles from Edmonton. This railway reaches the bottom of the Clearwater valley at Draper station, about 3 miles east of Waterways and near the mouth of Deep creek. The Draper bituminous sand plant is approximately half a mile east of Draper station. About one mile south of the townsite of McMurray, Horse river enters the Athabaska from the east.

Jan 1, 1937

By A. Vervoort, A. Govaerts

Geostatistical concepts are often difficult for students to understand, even those with a strong mathematical background. One of the main problems is the link between the variation of the parameter value in space or time and the calculated experimental semivariogram. Another challenge is differentiating between directional and omnidirectional semivariograms and their interpretation. For these reasons, interactive tools were developed based on the free public domain software R. The use of these interactive tools is limited to educational situations only (i.e., to visualize basic concepts). The interactive modules can be accessed at www.bwk.kuleuven.be/geostatistics.

Jan 1, 2014

By J. R. Parga T., P. J. Valenzuela G., L. S. Quiroz C., P. Guerrero G., J. L. Valenzuela G.

"Pressure oxidation is a hydrometallurgical pre-treatment process used for refractory auriferous sulfide ores. In the work reported here, a refractory pyrite ore sample from the Mulatos mine, Sonora, Mexico was characterized. The sample was subjected to atmospheric cyanidation, and simultaneous pressure oxidation and cyanidation under different conditions of temperature and pressure. The mineral characterization showed that pyrite is the main species in the sample. The gold extraction tests were carried out in an 1-litre Parr pressure vessel at a temperature range of 90-120 °C, a pressure range of 87.5–150 psi (using oxygen), and a cyanide concentration range of 0.8-1.2 %wt. The gold extraction results showed that diffusion through product layer is the rate controlling step.INTRODUCTIONIn hydrometallurgical precious metals extraction, the most commonly used process is sodium cyanide leaching, as shown in the next reactions involving gold and silver (Fleming, 1992; Marsden & House, 2006):4Au(s) + 8CN- (aq) + 2H2O(l) + O2(g) ? 4Au(CN)2 -(aq) + 4OH- (aq) (1)4Ag(s) + 8CN- (aq) + 2H2O(l) + O2(g) ? 4Ag(CN)2 (aq) + 4OH- (aq) (2)“Refractory” auriferous ores or concentrates often contain gold and silver locked inside other sulfide phases such as pyrite. This renders cyanidation ineffective, so oxidative pre-treatments are used in order to convert the sulfide minerals into porous oxide minerals and make cyanidation work more efficiently. Reaction (3) shows the oxidation of pyrite in alkaline media and the formation of the porous oxide (Koslides & Ciminelli, 1992):2FeS2 (s) + 15/2 O2 (g) + 8H- (aq) ? Fe2O3 (s) + 4SO4 2- (aq) +4H2O(l) (3)A process of simultaneous chemical pressure oxidation and cyanide leaching for a flotation concentrate produced in the mine of Bacís, Durango, in Mexico, gave good results (Parga et al., 2007). In the study presented here, it was intended to use this treatment for a refractory pyrite mineral from the Mulatos mine in Sahuaripa, Sonora, Mexico, modifying variables such as pressure, temperature and cyanide concentration to find the best conditions for oxidation and leaching."

Jan 1, 2012

By G. P. Kundargi

India is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. The role of the Iron & Steel industry is very important for the development of the country. Iron and steel are among the most important components required for the infrastructure development of the country. This is one of the fastest growing sectors. The demand drivers for the Indian Iron & Steel industry are increase in the activities of the manufacturing industry and infrastructure development. Indian Iron & Steel industry with its strong forward and backward linkages contributes significantly to overall growth and development of the economy. The industry today directly contributes 2% of India?s Gross Domestic Product and its weightage in the official Index of Industrial Production (IIP) is 6.2%. Manganese is a main ingredient for production of steel. Almost 90% manganese is being utilized by the steel industry worldwide. Globally, there is no substitute for manganese as on date. There is huge gap between demand and production of manganese ore in the country. To meet this demand gap and to support for growth of national economy, MOIL Limited (formerly Manganese Ore India Limited), a Government Enterprises, producing annually around 1.1 million tonnes (mt) of manganese ore and value added products, has geared up with various infrastructural activities to increase the present production capacity of 1.1?1.5 mt in 2016?2017 and 2.2 mt in 2020?2021. The paper deals with the technological improvements and infrastructural development activities of MOIL; this will help MOIL to become the market leader in manganese ore production globally in the coming years.

Aug 1, 2013

By R. H. McMillan

A classification of important uranium deposits which utilizes both genetic and descriptive criteria is presented. The dual aspect is useful because, while the non-genetic nomenclature for the different deposit types is amenable to various interpretations, the critical characteristics of each deposit type can be analyzed to clarify various genetic points. Although the classification is intended primarily for Canadian uranium deposits, most of the important deposit types known elsewhere can be accommodated.

Jan 1, 1978