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By Matteo Tomba

Today’s steel market is characterised by high competitiveness and tight profit margins; therefore, the operational costs of rolling mills must be as low as possible, while ensuring a final product of the highest quality standards. PERT SRL is an engineering company with a long-term experience in the international steel market, specialised in the design and supply of highly innovative and bespoke solutions for siderurgical and environmental plants. Because of its strong commitment to deliver excellent products and services, and its ability to innovate and adapt to the fastchanging market requirements, PERT has studied a new generation of BI-SUPPORT rolling stands, designed to be used in rolling mill plants for the production of rebars, rounds and sections in special quality bars (SBQ) steel grade, wire rod, light and medium section, suitable also for special steel plants. This paper will provide a deep insight into the key technical and economic features that have revolutionised the rolling technology for long products, such as the absence of spindles and piping on board, the considerably reduced number of spare parts required, a ring gap regulation system, and the compact dimensions, which lead to significant savings in investments and production costs; at the same time, the BI-SUPPORT stands guarantee excellent standards to the final product, an increase in plant productivity and a general improvement in the plant management.

Aug 16, 2017

By Alessandro Molinari

In recent times, coke oven machines are acquiring a more prominent role in the coke making process. Apart from the traditional handling of the coal and coke flow, nowadays these machines are also deeply involved in all environmental and process control aspects. Paul Wurth coke oven machines have been developed by Schalke to meet the most recent requirements in terms of emissions control, automation, instrumentation, operability and maintainability. In CSP, Ceará, the new coke making plant represents the status of the art of the technologies applied to the whole coking process; starting from the Coke Oven Batteries and the Gas Treatment Plant developed by Paul Wurth up to the Coke Machines supplied by Schalker Eisenhütte, whose technology is now part of Paul Wurth coke making products portfolio. Present paper describes the plant configuration focusing on Coke Oven Machines and the key factors which are guarantying the success of the project.

Aug 16, 2017

By Tiago Nunes Lima

As ligas titânio beta têm sido desenvolvidas devido as suas excelentes combinações de boas propriedades mecânicas e alta resistência a ambientes corrosivos. Novas ligas de titânio ao nióbio estão em desenvolvimento e apresentam grande potencial de aplicação em diversas áreas da engenharia. O presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar propriedades mecânicas da liga Ti42Nb2Sn na condição deformada e também envelhecida. Um lote de amostras foi laminado a frio com 80% de encruamento e outro lote foi laminado e envelhecido na temperatura de 400 °C durante 48 horas. Foram realizados ensaios de tração, medidas de dureza, metalografia e microscopia das superfícies de fratura. Foi possível observar baixo valor de módulo de elasticidade e alta ductilidade para a amostra deformada e alta dureza e módulo de elasticidade para a amostra envelhecida.

Aug 16, 2017

By Rhelman Rossano Urzêdo Queiroz

Amostras de um aço Dual Phase, não deformadas e deformadas à temperatura ambiente e em condições de envelhecimento dinâmico foram examinadas por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, visando analisar modificações na subestrutura de deslocações na faixa de temperaturas em que ocorre o fenômeno. Observaram-se mudanças significativas no padrão de distribuição das deslocações que evoluiu de uma distribuição uniforme, no material deformado à temperatura ambiente, para uma distribuição em forma de linhas alongadas a 200°C e 300°C, culminando em uma subestrutura complexa com elevada densidade de deslocações a 350°C. A 400°C, a distribuição uniforme foi novamente verificada. As imagens obtidas não indicaram a ocorrência de formação de carbonetos de transição ou precipitação na martensita durante a deformação nas temperaturas em que foram observados os efeitos de envelhecimento dinâmico.

Aug 7, 2018

By Regina Paula Garcia Santos

Inconel 625 é utilizado na indústria petrolífera em sistemas de bombeamento onde pode ocorrer movimento relativo na presença de partículas abrasivas, mas devido ao seu elevado custo este pode ser depositado em substratos mais baratos tornando-se uma alternativa viável. A deposição pelo processo PTA permite altas taxas de deposição e baixa diluição. Realizou-se a parametrização do processo PTA para obter depósitos espessos em único passe (> 3 mm) de Inconel 625 sobre aço ABNT 1045. Corrente, velocidade de soldagem e taxa de alimentação foram variados. Análises macrográficas permitiram a medição das características geométricas dos cordões. Foram identificadas duas famílias, uma com uma diluição menor (

Aug 16, 2017

By Klaydison Silva, Maurício Curi Segato, Elves Matiolo, Neymayer Pereira Lima

Flotation is the main concentration process, has been applied with sucess for the removal of quartz on the iron ore industry aiming high quality concentrates. limiting the top size close to 0,300mm and the removal of slimes are fundamental for the efficiency of reverse flotation of quartz. The high consumption of reagents, leading to insufficient particle coverage, and increased foam stability, leading to the difficulty of removal of quartz particles, are the main deleterious effects of the presence of slimes. Recent characterization studies, together with the development of new collector of linear chain, allowed the obtaining of concentrate with SiO2 contents close to 3% with 94% of metallurgical recovery, based on pilot tests carried out on a sample flotation column of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero.

Oct 3, 2019

By Rafael Humberto Mota de Siqueira

O objetivo da presente contribuição é discutir o aparecimento das trincas a quente em três ligas de alumínio, AA2024, AA6063 e AA6013, soldadas a laser. Para tanto um laser do tipo Yb:fibra foi usado em condições de aportes térmicos diferentes. Os resultados indicam uma tendência ao trincamento em várias condições experimentais. No entanto, para os parâmetros de processo utilizados e para as ligas estudadas, observa-se que quando a liga possui entre 0,6% e 1% de silício a sensibilidade ao trincamento diminui.

Oct 30, 2017

By Herynson Nunes Nascimento

Este trabalho investigou a possibilidade de gerar informações, para subsidiar a Samarco no aproveitamento futuro de materiais considerados estéreis pelo elevado teor de PPC e P. Foram feitos testes de caracterização tecnológica, simulando em bancada os processos de beneficiamento da Samarco Mineração. Observou-se que as amostras estudadas requererem maior consumo energético na moagem primária, implicando em uma menor produtividade. Essas apresentam índices inferiores de recuperação na deslamagem e flotação convencional. Entretanto apresentaram boa cinética de flotação e o grau de liberação do quartzo maior que 90% para todas as frações granulométricas. As amostras também apresentaram baixa produtividade na moagem secundária e granulometria grosseira para o atendimento da meta de Blaine praticada atualmente. Não foi possível a obtenção da especificação final de sílica no concentrado após a remoagem. Os testes de sedimentação não indicaram problemas. Foram realizados também ensaios em escala de bancada para separação magnética utilizando Minimag (WHIMS) que provaram que os materiais estudados apresentam comportamento paramagnético.

Aug 1, 2018

By Janaina Gonçalves Maria da Silva Machado, Carlos Mateus Braga de Almeidar, Leandro Miranda Nascimento

Knowing the reduction of the concentration of iron in the mineral load extracted in the last decades and, therefore, greater need for comminution processes, there is no denying that iron ores tend to get increasingly thin for steelmakers. In Reactors such as Blast Furnace and others of fusion-reduction, where the reduction of the iron ore for the metallic iron for the steel production occurs, we observed that one of the alternatives is to agglomerate the raw materials in the form of briquettes, improving the kinetics of the chemical reactions, since ores in the form of fines impair factors such as the permeability required for reduction. These agglomerates are composed of a reducer, fines of ferrous materials and a binder material, and require, in addition to satisfactory Metallization, mechanical resistance, avoiding losses when the compound is fragmented during transport or during its deposition in the Steel Reactor. In the following work, Briquettes were produced with Charcoal, Pellet Feed, Molasses Cane and Hydrated Lime. The mixtures were pressed under different conditions of Pressure (1, 2 and 3 tons-force), and pressing time (20 , 60 and 100 seconds), aiming to analyze the influence of these two variables on the drop tests, mechanical resistance of the briquettes generated.

Oct 1, 2019

By Andreas Jungbauer

The Chinese steel producer Rizhao Steel is now focusing on the highly attractive local and export markets for high-quality, thin-gauge strip products. The first line of five Arvedi ESP plants began operations in the spring of 2015. The new casting-rolling complex is designed for a total annual production capacity of 11 million tons of highquality, ultra-thin, hot-rolled strip products with widths of up to 1,600 mm and thicknesses down to 0.8 mm. The energy consumption and related costs are reduced by up to 45% compared with conventional casting and rolling processes. This also means a major reduction in CO2 emissions. During the project phase, the plant personnel from China received extensive training at the licensor’s plant – Acciaieria Arvedi S.p.A. in Italy – to prepare them to deliver the best operational performance with the new state-of-the-art endless casting-rolling facility. The plant setup, the training and support program, as well as the latest results from the start-up are presented in this paper.

Aug 16, 2017

By Moacir Andretti Sabino Mota

Os componentes da carga dos altos-fornos, que majoritariamente formam a escória final, consistem basicamente da ganga da carga metálica (minério, sínter, pelota), dos fundentes adicionados (quartzito, calcário, dolomita, etc) e da cinza do redutor (carvão vegetal ou coque). A estrutura da escória é formada por um conjunto de óxidos oriundos do processo de redução metálica e das impurezas da carga. As características de uma escória para uma máxima eficiência na operação do alto-forno devem ser: baixo ponto de fusão, fluidez e baixa viscosidade, tolerância, alta dessulfuração, remoção de álcalis. Com base nos argumentos destacados acima, tornou-se necessário o estudo de um método de cálculo eficiente para a viscosidade e da temperatura de liquidus da escória do AF2 da Vallourec Soluções Tubulares do Brasil - VSB.

Oct 30, 2017

By Felipe Darabas Rzatki

Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is a high performance thermoplastic often selected for high temperature tribological applications under chemically aggressive environments. The present work evaluate the tribological behavior of a high performance PEEK composite under ambient and high temperature (30 and 80°C, respectively). The atmosphere was also varied (air or tetrafluorethane). An AMTI tribometer equipped with a hermetic chamber and a heating system was used to carry out sliding tests of PEEK cylinders on 304 stainless steel polished discs (Sq < 10 nm) with reciprocating movement and 175 N normal force. Surfaces roughness analyses were performed with a white light interferometer. As expected, there was a strong influence of temperature on the tribological behavior of the samples tested in ambient atmosphere (25% decrease in friction coefficient associated with a 100% increase in wear rate). On the other hand, samples tested in tetrafluorethane atmosphere showed no significant friction temperature dependence.

Jul 31, 2018

By Valdicleide Silva Mello

Nowadays the biodiesel use is obligate in Brazil, in order to reduce the emissions of fuel burn. However, it is important to analyze which percentage of biodiesel is necessary to keep or improve the lubricant action of fuel for diesel engine, as well which kind of biodiesel give better performance. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the parameters that keep the lubricant action of biofuels, by using the Box-Behnken design type to optimize them. In this design was evaluated the input parameters: the type of the biodiesel (soybean, sunflower and palm), the concentration (5%, 20% and 100%) and the temperature of contact (25°C, 40°C and 60°C). The analyzed output parameters were the percentage of film formation, coefficient of friction, wear scar diameter (WSD) of ball, these output parameters were obtained by HFRR tribometer and they were analyzed applying response surface methodology. With this methodology was possible to determine the simultaneous influence and the interactions between two or more independent variables investigated. The response surfaces generated for the coefficients of friction, WSD, film formation showed a higher lubricant action for higher levels of concentration of biodiesel. An increase in lubricant action was found to high and intermediate temperature.

Jul 31, 2018

By Santiago Faucher

Molten slag from pyrometallurgical furnaces is tapped at high temperature, carrying a large amount of thermal energy. But the common slag dumping and water granulation methods used for slag treatment do not permit energy recovery. Furthermore, water is present in these processes and while operations are designed to minimize risks of steam explosions, from the contact of slag with water, these common slag handling practices have never been inherently safe. Common handling practices do permit some slags to be sold, but often in low volumes at low prices. Dry granulation offers advantages over these common slag handling practices, including the production of by-products, the recovery of thermal energy, and the eliminated consumption and safety hazards of water. For these reasons, there have been various studies in dry granulation and heat recovery, but most have never been brought to commercial scale due to scalability and cost challenges. Ecomaister- Hatch has developed and brought to commercial scale a reliable and simple dry granulation and heat recovery technology. Here we review common slag handling practices, the developments in dry slag granulation over the last three decades, introduce the Ecomaister-Hatch dry slag granulation process, and elaborate on future applications of the technology in the processing of argon oxygen decarburization and blast furnace slags.

Aug 17, 2017

By Rogério Felício dos Santos

Nitriding of metallic materials using electric discharges generated during electric discharge machining (EDM) is a recently developed technique. The aim of this paper was to correlate mechanical properties of a nitrided layer produced in AISI 4140 steel by EDM nitriding with the type and amount of nitrides. A conventional die-sinking EDM equipment and electrolytic copper electrodes were used to generate the electric discharges. The electrolyte was a solution of urea in deionized water. Knoop microhardness profiles assessed the variation of hardness along the nitrided layer, whereas the elastic modulus of this layer was measured using nanoindentation tests. Optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the nitrided surface. The results showed the formation of a nitrided layer containing iron nitrides with average thickness of around 25 µm. The amount of nitrides reduced from the surface towards the centre and these results correlated well with microhardness profiles obtained.

Jul 31, 2018

By Robson Ferreira Vargas

No início de Março/2015 começaram a ser notados eventos de oxidação em bobinas armazenadas no pátio de expedição, e naquela época o fenômeno foi creditado às chuvas. Entretanto, passado o período chuvoso, ainda foram notados eventos de oxidação, que ocorriam também em produtos destinados à exportação. Isto mostrou que havia outra causa atuando no problema, e que era necessário descobri-la e tomar ações para sanar o problema. O produto final é a coroação do esforço produtivo anterior à sua obtenção, e leva consigo o nome do fabricante para onde for enviado. Por isto ele não pode ter falhas. A ArcelorMittal Tubarão montou um grupo de trabalho, que atuou em várias frentes, incluindo o condicionamento químico do sistema de resfriamento direto da laminação. Este grupo de trabalho obteve êxito na tarefa e as conclusões obtidas estão mostradas aqui.

Aug 17, 2017

By Delio Amorim

Industry 4.0 concepts is the new biggest challenge on the industry nowadays and every company in every industry in every part of the globe is looking to implement this somehow on their factories and machines. To do that on the newest long rolling mills, that brings already onboard state-of-the-art technologies, is for sure a challenge of machinery builder industry, but how to become the long rolling mills built on 70’s, 80’s or 90’s part of this innovation process and connected to the new trends? This is the main mission here, to show some examples of applications that goes in this direction.

Oct 1, 2019

By Walter Hartig

Rogesa is operating two medium sized Blast Furnaces, No. 4 and No. 5 at Dillinger integrated steel works plant. The history of the results of the cooling concepts of the intersection between tuyère belt and bosh shows failures at both furnaces. At the 3rd reline of No. 5 Blast Furnace in 2010 changes were made to improve the cooling efficiency of the mentioned area. Two rows of copper cooling plates were installed. After commissioning and a short operating time hot spots occurred in the area of the cooling plates. The decision was taken to develop a new cooling concept together with Paul Wurth Umwelttechnik GmbH, Essen-Germany by replacing the cooling plates by one row of a short copper stave. The duration of the shutdown to perform the work was only 17 days including salamander casting. The operational results after the commissioning are very satisfying with outstanding performance of the new bosh cooling system.

Aug 1, 2018

By Noan Tonini SImonassi

A indústria da construção civil e a que mais absorve mão-de-obra no Brasil, com uma significativa participação no PIB, da ordem de 15%. Em contrapartida e ainda apontada como uma grande geradora de resíduos, que variam em função da matéria-prima utilizada e também da mão-de-obra desqualificada. Dentro desta faixa de mercado, o número de edificações que empregam blocos cerâmicos como elementos de vedação ou estruturais, é bastante expressivo, principalmente pela facilidade de produção destes artefatos no Brasil. Neste trabalho buscou-se avaliar a influência dos blocos cerâmicos, quando utilizados fora de norma, em uma determinada edificação, formada por um prédio residencial multifamiliar que estava sendo construído no município de Itaperuna, RJ e se encontrava nas etapas construtivas de vedação e revestimento, cujas perdas e causas associadas foram identificadas e quantificadas.

Oct 30, 2017

By Amilton Feliciano Castro

In this work, activated carbons (ACs) were prepared using Sewage sludge as starting material. The ACs were pyrolyzed in an inert atmosphere at 550 °C after independent chemical treatment with ZnCl2 or KOH with ratio of 1:1. The materials were used as adsorbents for removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. The adsorbents were characterized using adsorption/desorption nitrogen isotherm, SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The results showed that copper removal could be linked to surface pH and compounds present on the surface of adsorbent. KOH-treated adsorbent has smaller surface area (186 m2 g-1) than ZnCl2-treated adsorbent (192 m2 g-1), however, KOH-treated adsorbent exhibited higher removal of Cu(II). The performance of KOH-treated adsorbent could be attributed to the presence of basic groups on the adsorbent surface. Liu isotherm model gave the best description of the equilibrium data. From the Liu isotherm, the maximum adsorption capacities at 298 K for KOH-treated, ZnCl2-treated and sewage sludge (without inorganic activation) adsorbents are 31.85, 19.79 and 3.513 mg g-1, respectively. The best desorption experiment was obtained using 1.50 mol L-1 of HNO3 as eluent. Recoveries of Cu(II) from Cu(II)-loaded adsorbents are 98.9% (ZnCl2-treated) and 95.5% (KOH-treated.

Aug 17, 2017