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By Wayne F. Luinstra, Frédérique Vincent, André R. Laplante

"A test to determine the amount of gravity recoverable gold (GRG) in an ore is described. Typical GRG results are given; possible uses are discussed. A case study of how the technology was used at Hemlo Gold Mines is presented.IntroductionUsing gravity to supplement either flotation or cyanidation is a well established practice in the gold industry. It differs from most recovery circuits in that most of the gold recovered by gravity would be recovered in any case by the circuit downstream, be it flotation or cyanidation. The economic justification of gravity is therefore based on small margins (for example. a net smelter return of gravity gold of 99%, as opposed to 94% by flotation). It was easily demonstrated when either flotation or cyanidation were relatively inefficient processes, and labour costs low (as gravity can be labour intensive). Over the past thirty years, the advent of better flotation machines (flash, column, high capacity), more effective collectors, and better control systems has increased flotation's metallurgical performance, thereby decreasing the incentive for gravity recovery. Cyanidation technology has undergone similar changes, with the advent of activated carbon, oxygen and lead nitrate addition, and improved impeller design.Today, gravity could remain an attractive option only inasmuch as it can be implemented with very low capital and operating costs. This has resulted in a relative shift away from gold gravity recovery (except for alluvial deposits), in the seventies and eighties. For example, as of the early nineties, gold gravity recovery has disappeared from the typical South African flow sheet. The advent of the Knelson Concentrator, at the beginning of the eighties, foreshadowed a resurgence of gravity recovery, as gold's grinding and classification behaviour (Banisi, Laplante and Marois, 1991) makes it possible to achieve adequate gold recoveries with very simple, Knelson based, gravity circuits (Laplante et al., 1994).Consider for example the Hemlo recovery circuit, made of a single 61 cm x 122 cm (2' x 4') screen, an automated 76 cm (30"") Knelson feeding a Gemeni table, to produce a 70-80% Au concentrate which accounts for approximately one fourth of the gold production (about 3 million grams per year). The low capital and operating costs make it possible to justify the gravity circuit on the basis of savings in other operating costs (e.g. fewer carbon stripping and reactivation cycles). Any improvements in recovery, which would at Hemlo be difficult to measure, would be additional benefits. Such a circuit is rapidly becoming a standard in Canadian and Australian operations.The justification for installing a gravity circuit must be first based on an estimate of how much gold it will recover (irrespective of what the potential benefits are). This is a function of the nature of the gravity circuit to be installed; however, Knelson circuits, by their very simplicity and efficiency, limit the options. This leaves the amenability of the ore to gravity recovery as the single most important parameter. Various approaches can be used to characterize this response (Woodcock, 1993). The present work sought a route which would fulfil the following criteria:"

Jan 1, 1996

By N. D. Wineinger, J. Jodouin

"An Independent Electricity System Operator Industrial Accelerator Program (IESO IAP) case study was completed for a mine in Ontario, Canada by SRK Consulting, Inc. The purpose of the study was to analyze the ventilation system to determine whether and which system improvements could reduce the overall electrical power demand of the mine. Financial incentives are offered by the IESO IAP grant program to help cover the capital costs of these improvements. This study included the completion of a full mine ventilation survey as well as measurement of a full suite of electrical parameters of the surface and underground ventilation fans. After these measurements, a base ventilation model was created and established as the system baseline. Changes to the ventilation system were modeled, and their effects on the power demand were projected. The results of the study showed that several improvements were possible which may significantly improve the efficiency of the ventilation system and reduce mine electricity demand.INTRODUCTIONIn 2017, a ventilation study was conducted in accordance with the Independent Electricity System Operator Industrial Accelerator Program (IESO IAP) at a mine in Ontario, Canada. The IESO IAP is designed to assist eligible transmission-connected Canadian companies operating in Ontario to fast track capital investment in major energy conservation projects. The program will provide financial incentives to encourage investment in innovative process changes and equipment retrofits to reduce electricity consumption on the provincial system and to help companies become more competitive by positively impacting their bottom line. There are now four initiatives under the Industrial Accelerator Program:1. Retrofit2. Process & Systems, including Small Capital Projects3. High Performance New Construction4. Energy Managers – a new initiative under the Industrial Accelerator ProgramWithin the program, companies may propose energy saving changes to their current systems where applicable and appropriate. Companies may then be awarded funding to implement the proposed changes. The program allows partial financial compensation to implement certain energy saving changes that would otherwise not be considered due to high capital costs. For larger projects, such as underground mine ventilation systems, a detailed engineering study must be submitted. This study must detail each energy saving change or measure, its savings, and calculate the financial incentives using the IESO IAP Payment Structure. The payment structure for a project is an amount equal to the lowest of the following (Independent Electricity System Operator, 2015):"

Jan 1, 2019

By Dwayne D. Tannant

This paper presents a new mining concept for oil sands called ?hydraulic underground mining of oil sands? or HUMOS. While this mining method is still at the conceptual stage it has great promise to allow extraction of bitumen from areas that are currently uneconomical or technically infeasible using surface mining or steam assisted gravity drainage. HUMOS is founded on a combination of recently proven technologies such as directional drilling, water jet cutting of oil sands, slurry transportation, cold water extraction of bitumen, and thickened tailings. One key component in the mining concept is the caving of oil sands and the creation of an underground cavern. Scaled-down physical models will be designed and built to demonstrate water jet cutting, cave development, and insitu primary bitumen separation. These will be used as a 'proof of concept'. On-going research will establish and prioritize issues that need to be resolved, outline key areas where further research is needed, foster establishment of research teams to divide and conquer the important questions, and create framework for future coordinated research efforts.

May 1, 2001

By J. Olson

"A model was developed to use near-infrared (NIR) analysis of pulverized ore samples to estimate the recoverable gold content for ores from the Barrick Cortez Hills underground mine. Current routing practices use a ratio of the cyanide soluble gold content and fire assayed gold (CN/FA) to classify ores as oxide or refractory. Prediction accuracy of the NIR model was equivalent to the CN/FA ratio. Prediction accuracy was improved by combining the CN/FA ratio and the NIR spectra. Bootstrap validation estimates the root-mean-square error to be 9.92% with an estimated r-squared value of 0.893. This model will allow more accurate estimates of the variability in recoverable gold content throughout this mine. These data will aid in building an improved geo-metallurgical model or in making better informed routing decisions during the production cycle.INTRODUCTION The contained gold of an ore available for cyanidation is often related to subtle variations in the mineralogy. It is difficult and expensive to collect enough mineralogical information in order to predict how the variable mineralogy will impact the metallurgical results and project economics throughout the life of the mine or mill. Near-infrared spectroscopy may be an effective tool to rapidly and inexpensively collect discrete, quantitative mineralogical data for minerals that contain transition metal oxides, metal sulfides with semi-conduction properties, rare earth metals, and some chemical groups having di-pole covalent bonds such as carbonates, sulfates, and various types of clays (Hunt, 1977). Near-infrared spectroscopy can be a powerful tool for geo-metallurgical characterization of deposits where the presence of these minerals has direct or indirect relationships to metallurgical results such as grindability, regent consumption, or recovery. Near infrared spectroscopy is a rapid analysis that measures the intensity of reflected light in the near-infrared spectrum. The ranges for the ASD-Panalytical units used in this study extend through the visible spectrum and into part of the UV spectrum, reporting reflection by wavelength from between 350 nm to 2500 nm. Absorption peaks visible in this range are a result of interactions with outer valence elections or chemical bonds. The location and intensity of the peaks vary depending on the chemical composition and crystal structure of a solid indicating the presence and abundance certain minerals (Hunt, 1977; Clark, 1984)."

Jan 1, 2017

By M. Behrouz

Thermal power plants convert thermal energy due to nuclear reactions or the combustion of coal, gas, heavy oil, or some other hydrocarbon to electrical energy. They consist of a variety of equipment, such as boilers, turbines, generators, cooling towers, and auxiliary equipment. Any factor that affects the equipment efficiency affects the overall efficiency. Analysis of the cooling tower and raw water using the Langlier Saturation and Ryznar Stability Indices showed that the cooling water at Sarchesmeh was slightly scaling with respect to silica. Cold lime softening was found to be a cost-effective method to produce cooling water with adequate properties to reduce the cooling water make up from 85 to 70 m3/h and blow down rate from 35 to 20 m3/h.

Jan 1, 2007

By Pravin Mathur

"Praxair's CoJet® technology was introduced in 1997 to effectively inject chemical energy in electric arc furnaces. Coherent jets were invented as a revolutionary means of injecting oxygen and other gases into the EAF and into converters. Today, steel makers have widely accepted this concept in over 70 EAFs worldwide. Indeed, the whole industry has shifted to this new standard for chemical energy input in EAFs. CoJet® technology has also been implemented successfully in BOF converters.This paper will review the principles of coherent jets as applied to steelmaking. The key learnings garnered from several furnaces are also reviewed. In addition, while the CoJet® program has been widely accepted worldwide, based on steady feedback received from customers and the market place, several programs are underway in development and commercialization. These enhancements and new applications of CoJet® technology are also overviewed in the paper."

Jan 1, 2004

By John C. Leighton, C. O. Brawner, Doug Stewart

"Despite the availability of established, sophisticated methods for planning and designing stable slopes in rock, comparatively little attention is usually paid to the problems of carrying out the excavation. Blasting should be carefully planned to obtain optimum fragmentation as well as steep, stable working and final pit walls. The principal difficulty facing a blast designer is the lack of prior information about the many critical blasting characteristics of the rock mass. The common practise of trial-and-error lasting will eventually lead to a suitable program, but must be repeated time after time in variable geology. This frequently results in many blast-damaged slopes. Recent research indicates that monitoring drill performance will yield a Rock Quality Index which correlates to a Powder Factor value. The drilling can provide a continual supply of data, reflecting changes in the rock mass which enables the selection of an economical powder factor.IntroductionWhen planning to excavate a large-scale rock slope, engineer s will generally spend considerable effort to produce a safe, feasible and economical design. Much time will usually be spent on the field map ping, 'structural geologic studies, surface and subsurface hydrology, determination of strengths and effective friction angles of discontinuities, and finally checking stability with the aid of mathematical and analytical models. If the rock cut is to be along a transportation corridor, the prime justification for this time and effort is to produce a clean, stable slope which will be safe for those travelling or working beneath it. For the walls of an open-pit mine, there is the additional economic incentive to maintain the steepest stable slope angle for the minimum stripping ratio (Stewart and Kennedy)."

Jan 1, 1982

By A. A. Bakke

"The Fort Knox gold deposit is hosted within the Fort Knox Pluton, a Cretaceous multiphase granitic body that intrudes the Fairbanks schist. Gold occurs along the margins of stockwork veins and veinlets, quartz-filled shear zones, and along fractures within the granite. The mineralization is generally sulphide-poor and closely associated with trace amounts of bismuth, tellurium and to a lesser extent with molybdenum and tungsten. At present, proven/probable reserve estimates, based on a cutoff grade of 0.39 g/t Au, are 158.3 million tonnes grading 0.83 g/t Au.The Fairbanks schist comprises the bulk of the country rock. The dominant lithologies present include muscovite-quartz schist and micaceous quartzite. Immediately north and south of the main orebody, mixed metamorphic lithologies of the Cleary sequence, a subunit of the Fairbanks schist, have been mapped. Development of local zones of weakness, most likely due to a broad regional warping event, resulted in brittle-ductile deformation and activation of a northwest-southeast shear couple between contrasting lithologies.The Fort Knox Pluton consists of at least three phases based primarily on textural differences. Intrusion of a fine-grained granite was followed by a medium-grained porphyritic granite. The youngest intrusive phase is a coarse-grained, seriate porphyritic granite, the Vogt Stock. The Vogt Stock forms an elongate dome with the axis in the east-west direction. Structures displayed in the overlying units, believed to be the result of doming, include tension fiSSUres and longitudinal fractures.Premineralization fractures, the result of the magmatic doming, provided conduits for initial stockwork quartz vein development and quartz enrichment in shear zones. Weak development of vein-controlled phyl/ic, potassic, albitic, and argillic alteration styles are present. Evidence of a late thermal event resulting in a low-temperature alteration assemblage of calcite + zeolite (stilbite) + chalcedony + clay occupies breccia zones, joint surfaces, and fractures within the granite."

Jan 1, 1995

By Y. Mudryk, D. Paudyal, K. A. Gschneidner, V. K. Pecharsky, M. Khan

"Rare earth intermetallic compounds are utilized commercially as magnetic and battery materials, electron gun electrodes, etc. Several of these intermetallics will be briefly discussed. There are many other rare earth intermetallic compounds which are not utilized industrially but have unusual properties which are of fundamental interest and may have future technological applications. Several of these materials are discussed as well.INTRODUCTIONTens of thousands of rare earth intermetallic compounds exist, but physical properties (primarily their magnetic behaviors), other than their crystal structures have been measured for only a small percentage of these materials. Among these are the commercially important compounds: Nd2Fe14B, and the SmCo5 – Sm2Co17 family – well known high strength permanent magnets; (Tb0.3Dy0.7)Fe2, Terfenol-D, a giant magnetostrictive material; LaNi5Hx a critical component of the rechargeable Ni metal hydride batteries; and LaB6 an electron emitter. There are, however, many other intermetallic compounds which are not utilized industrially, but none-the-less, exhibit interesting, and sometimes, exotic physical properties which are of fundamental interest and may have some future technological significance. These include: the giant magnetocaloric effect compounds Gd5Si2Ge2 and La(Fe13-xSix)Hy; the RCu and RAg families of ductile intermetallics; the mixed intra-lanthanide (R,R')Al2 compounds in which magnetic transitions disappear and reappear as one R is substituted for by R'; and GdNi which exhibits large dilations along two crystallographic directions and a larger contraction in the third direction at the Curie temperature resulting in zero volume change as GdNi orders magnetically via a second order phase transition.COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT INTERMETALLICSNdFeB Permanent MagnetsThe Nd2Fe14B permanent magnets were discovered in 1984 independently in the USA and Japan. It is a ferromagnet and with proper heat treatment and processing Nd2Fe14B is the strongest near room temperature permanent magnetic material known today. This intermetallic compound is utilized as a permanent magnet in many applications, such as electric motors (e.g. the modern automobile contains up to 35 electric motors), spindles for computer hard disc drives, microphones and speaker magnets for cell phones and other audio equipment, direct drive wind turbines, actuators, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) units. There are two kinds of NdFeB permanent magnets – bonded and sintered. The bonded magnets have a lower magnetic strength than the sintered magnet. The highest strength magnets are obtained by small substitutions of Dy (up to a maximum of 10%) for Nd, because Dy can significantly increase the coercivity and thus the energy product (a measure of the magnetic strength or hardness). The bonded magnets account for about 12% of the NdFeB market (~82 metric kt per year, containing ~20 kt/a of Nd). The NdFeB permanent magnet market is growing at a rate of about 15% per year. (Burzo & Kirchmayr, 1989; Kobayashi & Hirosawa, 2001; Coey, 2011)."

Jan 1, 2012

By D. Perednis

Fuel cells with thin samaria-doped ceria (SDC) electrolyte films deposited onto an anode support using spray pyrolysis were fabricated. The SDC films were deposited onto porous NiO-YSZ substrates at deposition temperatures between 400°C and 450°C. The influence of process parameters such as deposition temperature, flow rate, type of salt and salt concentration on the quality of the film was studied. A smooth dense film was successfully deposited using the precursor cerium ammonium nitrate and samarium nitrate dissolved in butyl carbitol (33.3 vol.%), 2-methoxy-l-propanol (33.3 vol.%), and ethanol (33.3 vol.%) solvent mixture. A deposition rate of 125 nm/h was achieved.

Jan 1, 2005

By T. -W. Hong, Y. Son, S. -J. Hong, D. Choi

The characteristics of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) nanoparticles recovered from TFT-LCD panel scraps were investigated. The ITO was separated from TFT-LCD panel scraps by dissolving the color filter layer located between the ITO layer and the glass substrate. The solution was filtered to separate the ITO from the color filter component, and the filtered ITO was dissolved in the acid solution. ITO nanoparticles were then precipitated with ammonium hydroxide and organic dispersing agent, followed by heat-treatment at 600 °C. HRTEM, EDX and XRD analyses revealed that the 20 nm sized particle were composed of 90 % In and 10 % Sn, and were well crystallized to in the (222) preferred orientation.

Jan 1, 2014

By Alex Matheson, Nick W. D. Massey, Peter T. Bobrowsky

Crowing pressures on aggregate resources include diminishing reserves, high transportation costs, sterilization and land use conflicts. In the absence of detailed resource knowledge for a particular region, aggregate resource potential maps provide the best "first approximation" regarding the surficial distribution of sand and gravel. The 1:50 000 scale Level Ill aggregate potential map integrates several important factors which influence the management of sand and gravel. Data used to generate this type of thematic map is readily available in most areas, fieldwork required is minimal, there is a logical quantitative evaluation of the data layers and integration is easily accomplished on a desktop PC-based platform. Also the aggregate potential map, with its focus on identifying areas of potential future aggregate exploitation as well as present inventory, provides a useful tool for the aggregate explorationist.

Jan 1, 2001

By C. H. B. Leitch, T. N. MacAuley, R. L. Linnen, A. E. Williams-Jones

"The Trout Lake stockwork molybdenum deposit is temporally and spatially related to the emplacement of a late Cretaceous granodiorite-tonalite stock in southeastern British Columbia and contains an estimated 49 million tonnes grading O.I9% MoS2- No metal zonation patterns are apparent, with the exception of peripheral tungsten skarn, and exploration was guided largely by geological interpretation. It is typical of the granodiorite, or fluorine-poor type of molybdenum deposit. Molybdenite is contained within a quartz-feldspar vein stockwork and coeval dissemination in igneous (and less commonly metasedimentary) hosts. In general, molybdenite is strongly associated with alkali feldspars, but in detail it is intimately associated with incipient muscovite replacement of albite and K-feldspar; veins that lack feldspars are also typically barren of molybdenite. These textures suggest that fe/dspathic alteration (and precipitation in veins) was an important precursor to mineralization, and the occurrence of similar textures elsewhere (e.g. Henderson) suggest that early feldspathic alteration is important to the genesis of molybdenum deposits in general. Molybdenite deposition at Trout Lake was preceded by contact metamorphism, skarn and potassic alteration, and was overprinted by muscovite-ankerite (phyllic) alteration. Only moderate temperature changes are recorded by the metamorphic and alteration mineral assemblages (350°C to 450°C}; however, with time, fluids became increasingly more acidic and enriched in C02- In light of the intimate molybdenitemuscovite intergrowths, the decrease of pH probably exerted a major control on mineralization.IntroductionGranite-hosted molybdenum deposits can be classified in terms of the composition of the related intrusion, e.g., the granodiorite and granite types of Mutschler et a!. (1981), or the calc-alkaline, alkali-calcic, and alkalic types of Westra and Keith (1981). They have also been classified on the basis of their fluorine contents (Theodore and Menzie, 1984) with the fluorine-rich and -poor varieties roughly corresponding to granite- and granodiorite-type deposits, respectively. For economic reasons, most exploration and research has concentrated on the high-grade/large tonnage granite-type of deposit, exemplified by Climax. F1uorine-poor, granodiorite-type deposits are, however, the most common type in Canada and have been mined in the past (e.g., Endako). In this paper, the authors summarize the research that has been carried out on the fluorinepoor Trout Lake deposit (Boyle and Leitch, 1983; Linnen, 1985; Linnen and Williams-Jones, 1987; 1990) and use what has been learned to develop guidelines for the future exploration of fluorinepoor, granodiorite-type molybdenum deposits."

Jan 1, 1995

By L. E. Djingheuzian

"ForewordTHE FOLLOWING excerpt is taken from Fine Grinding Investigations at Lake Shore Mines (C.I.M., Trans., Vol. XLIII, 1940, p. 307):""MacCalman, who has carried out exhaustive testing on the accuracy of screen analysis, makes the following statement in his report, The Accuracy of Sieving Tests, Industrial Chemistry (London, England), Vol. XIV, p. 231:"" 'It will be shown that, as no specific relationship between the sieving value and the various dimensional features of the sieve is evident, though there is an apparent tendency for the sieving value to follow the average aperture size, it is apparently impossible to define the sieving value of a screen from dimensions alone, and the calibration of sieves for important tests on a specific material, whereby the sieving values of these sieves are related to that of an arbitrarily chosen master sieve by correction values, will be recommended."" 'It will be emphasized that these correction values are probably not applicable to other materials, or the same material of different size composition. Sieve users, for important tests or in cases of dispute, will be recommended to calibrate their sieves against a mutually acceptable standard with specified conditions of test, and to recalibrate at intervals' ""."

Jan 1, 1953

By L. M. Lowe, D. B. Chambers, D. G. Feasby

"Potentially economic deposits of rare earth elements (REE) often contain elevated levels of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM), primarily thorium and uranium and their associated radioactive decay products. The concentrations of NORM usually exceed typical background levels of natural radioactivity, sometimes by factors of ten or more, and can be of concern relative to occupational radiation protection and the management and disposal of REE mineral processing and metallurgical wastes. This paper provides a summary of the radiological issues normally encountered in the REE concentrate production industry. In addition to an introduction to background radiation and radioactivity, including the thorium and uranium radioactive decay series, radiation levels expected to be encountered in REE concentrate production are outlined. The occupational, environmental and regulatory aspects of REE production related to NORM, including radiation dose limits, radioactive waste disposal guidelines, and threshold VALUES (for the application of transport regulations, are presented.INTRODUCTIONConcurrent with the increasing demand for new sources of rare earth elements (REE) to meet modern industrial needs, there is also an increasing awareness of the radioactivity associated with the REE ores and resources. This is an especially important consideration in addressing questions from the public and local communities who are often concerned about “radiation” and “radioactivity”. Public concern is heightened by reference to legacy issues that arose during times of less regulatory oversight; as well, the benefits of modern technologies, practices and regulation are overlooked. Such concerns are also often inflamed by unfounded claims by non-governmental organizations (NGO’s). Thus, it is important that all concerned have a full understanding of just what the potential risks from radiation associated with REE are, or are not. This paper provides an overview of the sources of radioactivity, the potential implications of radiation and radioactivity in the REE industry, and a brief discussion of established and reliable methods of managing exposure to radiation and radioactivity."

Jan 1, 2012

By J. G. Conaway, P. G. Killeen

"Gamma-ray spectral logging, a useful technique for uranium exploration and evaluation, has generally been underutilized by the Canadian mining industry. Provided that the technique is properly applied, it is capable of yielding reliable quantitative information regarding the distribution of uranium and other radioelements along the borehole under most conditions.In practice. there are numerous factors which potentially can degrade the quality of the log and thus any quantitative interpretation based on it. Fortunately, the appropriate choice of logging equipment and technique can avoid many such problems, and corrections can be applied to the data to compensate for most of the others."

Jan 1, 1980

By K. Prajapati, P. Hes

Transmission of vibration to the operator from percussive vibrating tools is increasingly of concern in industrial and mining applications. Prolonged exposure to high levels of vibration transmitted via the hand causes disorders known as hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). The vascular component of HAVS is called vibration white finger (VWF) and has a debilitating effect on the hand. Vibration at frequencies below 1250 Hz, a tight hand-grip force and cold environments are reported to increase the likelihood of developing VWF. A vibration damping handle design with patents pending that addresses some of the causes of VWF has been developed and retrofits onto jackleg pneumatic rock drills. The handle is decoupled from the drill while maintaining jackleg twist-grip controls on the hand-grip using a combination of sealed self adjusting hydraulic pistons and compliant materials in series, and a new air control valve. The ergonomics of the hand-grip was also modified by the addition of a polyurethane sleeve with a diameter of 50 mm. The new hand-grip reduces direct cold metal contact and minimizes grip force. Measurement of vibration as the quantity acceleration was made in accordance with international standard ISO 5349. Overall vibration damping in all axes of 50% to 63% was attained at frequencies below 1250 Hz. The dimensions of the damping handle are comparable and its weight is only 100 g heavier than a standard handle.

Jan 1, 2001

By M. A. Marois

This paper proposes an improved temporal stability condition for the implementation of an inverse heat transfer method for predicting the time-varying bank thickness of the phase change protective bank inside a high temperature furnace. The direct problem is handled with the enthalpy method. The inverse method rests on the Adjoint Problem and the Conjugate Gradient Method. It is shown that the temporal stability condition for the inverse phase change problem relies on the time delay of the temperature measurements. Results indicate that this time delay is proportional to the heat diffusion time including heat diffusion through the mushy zone.

Jan 1, 2011

By Brian Rausch

Agenda ?? Refresher: Victor Project Execution ?? Operations Capability roadmap: ? Operations staffing starter group: design participation ? Operations staffing build up for production start-up ? Training and commissioning integration ? Turning OPSCAP ramp-up into a project ?? Go Live! The Results

May 1, 2009

By Matthew S. Hall

Gold/iron oxide catalysts have been prepared and their catalytic performance evaluated for low temperature CO oxidation. The method and temperature used to dry the sample has a significant effect on their catalytic activity. Analysis by TEM revealed the catalysts contained Au particles, although catalysts with high and low activity did not always differ in their microstructure as evidenced by TEM. Catalysts were characterised using XPS and the difference between the Au(4d) and C(1s) binding energies measured; in general the greater the difference, the higher the catalytic activity of the material.

Oct 1, 2003