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By Unkown

To the Membership of the Institute Gentlemen: The Mineral Industry of Canada in 1948 The preliminary estimate issued by the Dominion Bureau of Statistics and tabulated in the Bulletin of January, 1949, indicated that the value of Canada's mineral production in 1948 reached an all-time high of $808,180,216, showing an increase of 25 per cent over the previous record of $644,696,007 established in the preceding year. The output value of metallics was increased by 22.4 per cent; of fuels, by 43.7 percent of other non-metallics, by 19 per 'cent; and of structural materials, by 16.8 per cent. The value of metals produced in 1948 at $483,770,759, was about $87,000,000 more than in the previous year. There were substantial increases in the tonnages of copper, lead zinc nickel, and other base metals produced, but the rises in market prices for such metals accounted for most of the gains in output values. Production of gold at 3,495,403 ounces valued at $122,339,105 indicated an increase in volume of approximately 500,000 ounces and an increase in value of 14 per cent. Despite the benefits provided under the Emergency Gold Mining Assistance Act 1948 the volume of gold produced in the year was still nearly 2,000,000 ounces less than the record of 5,300,000 ounces established in 1941. The value of mineral fuels produced in 1948, at $158,787,255, was 44 per cent above the 1947 total. Coal production at 18,431,250 tons valued at $107,298,757, while substantially higher than in the preceding year was still half a million tons below the record reached in 1942. Striking developments in the Leduc field in Alberta were responsible for bringing the output of crude petroleum in the year to a new high of 12,098,166 barrels, valued at $36,858,959.

Jan 1, 1949

By CIM Mineral Resource, Mineral Reserve Committee

These Leading Practice Guidelines for Mineral Processing (LPGMP) were prepared by the Sub-Committee on Leading Practice Guidelines for Mineral Processing. The Sub-Committee reports to the Executive Committee of the Canadian Mineral Processors (CMP) which is a Technical Society of the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy, and Petroleum (CIM) and incorporates those members of the CIM who are concerned with the processing of mineral deposits. The LPGMP covers the involvement of mineral processing professionals, referred to as Practitioners in this document, in providing inputs to the estimation of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves and providing technical content for internal reports as well as public reports on mineral projects as required under National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (NI 43-101). The LPGMP supplement the CIM Exploration Practice Guidelines (2018) and the CIM Estimation of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves Practice Guidelines (2019) which are referenced in Companion Policy 43-101CP to NI 43-101 and recognized internationally. The LPGMP consist of 3 sections: • Principles of Process Support in Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves Estimation; • Appendix A – Use of Supporting Studies in Process Evaluation and Assessment for NI 43-101 Documentation; • Appendix B – Glossary of Terms Relevant to the LPGMP. The LPGMP deal primarily with the description of leading practice as it applies to the mineral processing and extraction of base metals, precious metals, and other mineral products by the application of mineral processing technology. Other commodities may be considered with future updates of these guidelines. It is expected that this is a ‘living’ document and that these guidelines will develop in the future to address the requirements of the mining industry, investing public, and mining professionals involved. Clarifications and changes to these guidelines will be done under the guidance of the Executive Committee of the CMP.

Nov 25, 2022

By Staff

One hundred thousand miles of flying over the North country without a single air casualty; much of it over virgin territory probably never before visited by white men; some of it over regions that abound with possibilities for minerals; all of it effective, for exploration and the establishment of bases and supply-stations, and for the carrying of men and their tools and provisions- this, briefly, is the record of Northern Aerial Minerals Exploration, Limited, a Canadian company organized Jess than nine months ago, which has been functioning, without interruption, during spring, summer, and now into winter. Our planes have ranged from the Alaskan boundary on the west to the Labrador coast on the east, and from the Transcontinental railway north to the Arctic circle. Our prospectors, carried on trips of hundreds, and occasionally thousands, of miles, have gone over large sections of country which were never before explored, and at the end of the prospecting season the Company finds itself in possession of several groups of important gold claims, which look most promising. In addition to this, we have been in contact with deposits of almost every known mineral.

Jan 1, 1929

By C. F. Chung, F. P. Agterberg

"Prediction of a variable sulphur content in Cape Breton seams is important for planning the production of a highgrade metallurgical coal. Two extrapolation methods (Kriging and a version of Universal Kriging) to predict sulphur content in blocks of coal before mining are presented and applied to the New Lingan Mine reserves in the Harbour seam. The uncertainty of the predicted values is expressed by using standard deviations. Some statistical results for the Phalen seam, which occurs about 400 ft below the Harbour seam, are presented for comparison. The two mathematical models consist of two sets of equations which have been used in computer algorithms. Some limitations of the present approach and possibilities for further statistical work are indicated."

Jan 1, 1973

By Reno Pressacco

Abstract- Agrium Inc. is a world leader in the production, distribution, and marketing of agricultural products and services in both North America and Argentina. The new phosphate mine and mill complex located southwest of Kapuskasing, Ontario, was constructed to replace an offshore supply of phosphate rock, and produces a high-grade phosphate concentrate. The Cargill Township Carbonatite Complex is one of a series of carbonatite complexes in the region that are hosted by the 1.9 Ga aged Kapuskasing Structural Zone. The carbonatites in the mine area have intruded Archean gneissic granodiorite rocks of the Wawa Subprovince, and metasedimentary rocks of the Quetico Subprovince. The Cargill Carbonatite Complex displays a typical concentric zonation pattern from an outer ring of alkalic pyroxenites, through an inner ring of sövite-carbonatite, to a central core of rauhaugite-carbonatite. The initial carbonatite intrusion and subsequent residual orebody have been modified by faulting such that the northwestern third of the complex has been displaced approximately 2.5 km northeast. The phosphate ores are composed principally of residual apatite sands that were formed by the weathering and dissolution of the soluble minerals of the carbonatite protolith. These ores are subdivided by their iron content into high grade (A ores) and lower grade (B1 and B2) ores. They are separated from the primary unweathered carbonatite by a layer of saprolite, whose thickness varies depending upon the composition of the underlying carbonatite. Cretaceous waste materials consisting of well-sorted silica/kaolinite sand and peat deposits are typically found to stratigraphically overlie the ores. A minor amount of the ore feed comes from cemented phosphate ores. All rock types are covered by Pleistocene glacial tills and clays.

Jan 1, 2001

The current mining operations at Newmont Boddington Gold Mine (NBG) commenced in 2008, and commissioning of the processing plant started in the latter half of 2009. Metso Process Technology and Innovation were engaged to assist NBG with commissioning and project ramp-up through the implementation of a comprehensive ?Mine-to-Mill? Process Integration and Optimisation project. This methodology entailed extensive data collection which included drill and blast audits, ore characterisation, comprehensive comminution circuit surveys and review of operational data to assess the limitations within the current mining and processing operations. The results of these investigations have been used to define the operating base line of both the mining and processing areas and identify improvement opportunities. The use of modelling and simulations, utilising actual production data, has allowed for multiple scenarios to be evaluated, minimising the requirement for actual trials and thereby minimising impact on the operation. Improvements implemented to date include: the introduction of routine rock strength measurement for inclusion in block models, modifications to blast design improving ROM fragmentation and downstream comminution process performance, and changes to improve performance of secondary crushing and grinding circuits. Close cooperation between the mine and plant personnel is playing a significant role in overcoming the challenges presented to this operation and further improvements are targeted for the second full year of process plant operation.

Jan 1, 2012

By A. Ignatieff

Introduction Some interest is being shown in Canada in underground gasification of coal and, as developments have now taken place in several countries of the world, it is thought that a review of progress, particularly from the viewpoint of a mining engineer, may be of interest. The literature on the subject, and notably that of Russian origin, is already very voluminous. The various methods of underground gasification of coal have evolved from initial attempts to employ underground workings as gasifiers of previously fragmented coal or to use some method that involves little or no preparatory work underground. The 'stream' method, shown schematically in Figure 1, has been the only one used in tests to date in countries outside the U.S.S.R. Other methods, involving preparatory work underground prior to gasification, are the early 'chamber' method, where fragmented coal was gasified in rooms between inlet and outlet entries, and the underground borehole' method, illustrated in Figure 2, where gasification is developed in a succession of boreholes which are temporarily sealed and then abandoned in turn after gasification. The stream method appears. to be particularly suitable for pitching seems as it is claimed that the pitch prevents ash accumulation or serious blockage from roof falls, and it also aids the circulation of the stream. As a considerable proportion of Canadian medium and high-rank coal seams are inclined, it would seem that, at least at the outset, the stream method or a modification thereof would be the one most applicable to all but the Saskatchewan lignite fields and the flat domestic-coal fields of Alberta.

Jan 1, 1949

By J. Ran

"Hangingwall sloughing is the major cause of unplanned stope dilution in open stope mining. Understanding the hangingwall sloughing mechanism can guide the stope design in minimizing the unplanned dilution and improving muck size and therefore mining efficiency. Though the modified stability graph method may be adopted to assess the hangingwall stability, for mines where the hangingwall is inaccessible, the required parameters are difficult to define and some of the simple influential factors cannot be easily identified in this method to provide guidelines for stope design.This paper identifies the main modes of hangingwall sloughing in open stope mining based on detailed data collected from mined-out stopes and site observations, applies the voussoir beam notation to analysis of the hangingwall sloughing mechanism, compares the model analysis results with the collected stope data, and provides guidelines for stope design and model application. Finally, examples are given to demonstrate the time and support effects on hangingwall sloughing and stope dilution."

Jan 1, 2002

By Jr. Arcand

Canadian Economy ? Getting Results ???? A stronger Canadian economy ???? National debt cut ???? Taxes reduced, tax-free savings account, support for manufacturing sector ???? Assisting with infrastructure Aboriginal issues affect all Canadians ???? Aboriginal prosperity is in everyone?s interest ???? Conditions for Aboriginal success include: - Indian residential school settlement - resolving outstanding specific claims

May 1, 2008

By A. I. A. Salama

The CANMET Western Research Centre (CWRC) has developed a hydrocyclone model simulation of dewatering and fine particle separation circuits. The simulation is based on an existing empirical model. Utilizing a cyclone manufacturer’s published data, some modifications have been developed and integrated into the model. Feed stream characteristics, cyclone mechanical dimensions, and operating conditions are used in the CWRC modelling simulation. The computer results are presented in 3D graphs and corresponding 2D maps showing the cyclone mass recovery, percent solids by mass in underflow and overflow, and cut size as functions of the cyclone apex diameter and cyclone throughput (i.e., inlet pressure or pressure drop). Results of the computer simulation have been used in the economic feasibility and design of several dewatering circuits in oil sand plants.

Jan 1, 2003

By J. B. Mawdsley

Introduction The writer was instructed to visit the Chibougamau region during the field season of 1927 and report on the mineral discoveries that had been made there since 1911. lt was deemed advisable to obtain detailed information regarding the rocks underlying the area in the vicinity of these recent discoveries. Accordingly an area 60 square miles in extent was mapped. The outcrops were studied along the water courses and along bush traverses spaced at half-mile intervals between these water courses. The completion of the rest of the summer's programme allowed only three weeks for this work. lt is from this small, mapped area, and this necessarily cursory survey, that the material for this paper was obtained. Location And Means Of Access The name Chibougamau district is applied loosely to an ill-defined area of about 1,000 square miles lying mostly north and west of Chibougamau lake in the Province of Quebec. The lake is approximately half way between lake St. John and James bay. It lies 150 miles north of the Canadian National railway and 40 miles south of Mistassini?lake.

Jan 1, 1928

By Richard N. Zimmer

This paper discusses the installation of corrugated steel linings in bored raises at Inco's Thompson Mine. The procedure for the installation of these linings is outlined and the relative advantages are compared with conventional methods of ground support. Future trends in the use of corrugated steel products are then discussed.

Jan 1, 1978

By E. Henderson, L. K. Daneshmend

Drawpoint control is critical in determining the cutoff point for load-haul-dump mucking operations to minimize dilution. It is also necessary to ensure even mucking distribution and to prevent possible hang-up of material within a stope. A prototype production monitoring and reporting system has been developed for load-haul-dump operations in under-ground mines. The system generates accurate and timely information regarding mucked tonnages and drawpoint and ore/waste pass utilization. The monitoring system integrates a PLC-based load weighing system with a radio frequency identification (RFID) system for locating the vehicle. The system records the identification and time of entry and exit of each draw-point and ore/waste pass visited during a shift, as well as the weight of each bucket load. A trial of the system was conducted at the CAN-MET Experimental Mine near Val d’Or, Quebec. The monitoring and reporting system functioned as designed, with the exception that the maximum read range of the RFID tags under dynamic conditions was found to be a limitation. RFID systems with greater range capabilities have been identified for a second generation system. The system is the first of its type in North America to demonstrate that RFID tagscan be successfully applied to locate trackless underground equipment. Because of their ability to locate equipment and personnel within underground mines, RFID systems should be considered a key technology for future mine information and process control systems.

Jan 1, 1996

By Christoph Mueller

Broad band mine communication today is characterized mainly by individual solutions, which have in common their long development phases and their high cost for development, operation and service. The use of Ethernet and TCP/IP on the other side provides an uniquely price efficient combination of high bandwidth open networking, universal use and accessibility of cheap development tools, especially because it forms the technical infrastructure for the worldwide Internet. TCP/IP and Ethernet assures reliable networking however it is not able to guarantee the latency timing of forwarding network information. Therefor, the network design requires strict load limitation and application level traffic control especially if moving equipment has to be manually remotely controlled via the network. To optimize the use of bandwidth on mining networks using load limited, ?bandwidth wasting? local Ethernet segments, long distance broadband traffic should be carried out using more efficient, deterministic communication backbones providing a guaranteed quality of service for each of the physically separated networks. Open networking and broadband systems however may lead to the anticipation that any demands on bulk data or multimedia traffic can be fulfilled in the future. This definitely will not be the case as the bandwidth demands of applications will be growing as least as fast as the bandwidth provided by communication systems. Looking on those problems from an overall system integration perspective, machines and equipment in the future have to be equipped with intelligent computing devices capable of an intelligent local data preprocessing. Such ?Embedded Machine Information Servers? running commercial computing power in the future will be the intelligent bridge between open networking and a secured, high safety local automation system. These ?Embedded Machine Information Servers? then also can make advantage of intelligent video and audio data preprocessing to store and transmit multimedia information ?on demand? or when the application requires it. Summarizing the potential for the future Ethernet based networking together with powerful communication backbones and intelligent local data preprocessing on the machines in the future will lead the way to integrative, reliable and cost efficient mine automation solutions.

May 1, 2002

By F. Hassani, D. O’Donnell, M. Momayez, P. Guevremont

Shotcrete is a practical and economical support system in many Canadian underground mines. Although shotcrete technology has gained acceptance in the mining industry, there are some problems that have emerged with respect to quality assessment and thickness measurement of the liner. This paper presents recent tests performed with miniature seismic reflection technology (MSR) developed and patented at McGill University primarily for thickness measurement of this heterogeneous liner. MSR is also capable of providing information regarding the quality of shotcrete in terms of its mechanical properties such as modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio. Work was performed on site in an underground mine in Ontario, Canada. This paper also presents the results from laboratory tests performed on fiber-reinforced and non-reinforced shotcrete panels that were used to assess the P-wave velocity in both materials. The results of these tests were used in a second site investigation. The NDT thickness measurements showed good agreement with direct thickness measurement such as coring. In addition, the MSR technology has the advantage of being more accurate and more affordable compared to other non-destructive testing (NDT) systems in the market.

Jan 1, 2002

By S. Noh, T. K. Kim, B. O. Lee

Future nuclear reactor systems such as a sodium-cooled fast reactor are being designed under severe conditions in terms of operating temperature and irradiation fluence compared to current commercial reactors. For realization of such systems, it is necessary to develop an advanced structural material having both high strength and irradiation resistance at high temperatures. Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel is considered as one of the most promising structural material because of its excellent creep and irradiation resistance on the basis of uniformly distributed nano-oxide particles with a high density. Up to now, ODS steels have been intensively studied and developed to apply these materials to the in-core structural component of future nuclear systems. Several advanced ODS steels were designed and fabricated by a mechanical alloying, hot isostatic pressing and hot extrusion processes. This study focuses on the effects of heat treatment parameters during the fabrication process parameters on the microstructures of ODS steels for future nuclear system applications.

Jan 1, 2015

By J. A. Allan

OCCURRENCES of salt in Alberta have been mentioned and described by the writer in 1929 (l) and by Cole in 1930 (2). Brine springs occur at a number of places along the valley of Athabaska river north of latitude 56 degrees, and also on the south margin of Salt prairie, twenty-five miles west of Fitzgerald in the vicinity of the 60th parallel of latitude, which is the boundary between Alberta and the Northwest Territories. These salt springs were visited by Sir James Richardson in 1820, and in the same year D. W. Harmon stated that " ... clown Salt river there are several places where almost any quantity of excellent dean white salt may be taken with as much ease as sand along the seashore" (3). One hundred years later, in 1920, when the writer first visited these springs, the "dean white salt" which had accumulated about the springs was about 400 tons ( 4). This paper deals with a thick deposit of rock-salt which has been proved by drilling in the vicinity of McMurray. Particular attention will be given to a well drilled at Waterways early in 1936 by Industrial Minerals, Limited, when a continuous bed of rock-salt was penetrated with a thickness of 199 feet. As this paper is being presented, a salt plant is being completed and a production well is being drilled at the plant. < is salt deposit is in the vicinity of McMurray, close to the junction of the Clearwater and Athabaska rivets, in township 89, range 9, west of the 4th meridian. McMurray is about 240 miles northeast from Edmonton. As shown on Figure 1, Clearwater river, which rises at Methy portage, in Saskatchewan, enters Athabaska river at McMurray. Some three miles above the mouth of Clearwater river, the Hangingstone enters from the southwest. Waterways, where the latest salt development has taken place, is situated at the end of the Northern Alberta railway, a distance of 304 miles from Edmonton. This railway reaches the bottom of the Clearwater valley at Draper station, about 3 miles east of Waterways and near the mouth of Deep creek. The Draper bituminous sand plant is approximately half a mile east of Draper station. About one mile south of the townsite of McMurray, Horse river enters the Athabaska from the east.

Jan 1, 1937

By Paul R. Terry

This paper presents a brief picture of the quality of coal produced in Eastern Canada for use in thermal generating stations. It describes, in particular, the characteristics of coals burned in six power plants -two in New Brunswick and four in Nova Scotia. Each station is dis-cussed in turn, and comments are made on the coals used therein with regards to origin and physical and chemical properties affecting station operation. A table of coal data shows, at a glance, the wide variation in the quality of coals received by these stations from producers in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. "The promotion of improved coal quality for thermal generation can benefit our national economy." T HIS is the opening statement in a paper which was presented by Mr. D. A. Pirttinen at the Coal Division&apos;s Toronto meeting in April, 1960. In bringing the power engineer&apos;s viewpoint to the coal producers&apos; attention, Mr. Pirttinen made a survey of utility steam plants operating in Canada, and the results of this survey formed the basis for his paper, which he titled: "Generating Station Coal Quality.

Jan 1, 1965

By L. C. Lien

Tower crane layout (TCL) is a typical construction site layout (CSL) problem, which is suitable for a wide range of work assignments and site conditions. Tower crane is one of the key facilities for vertical and horizontal transportation of materials, especially for heavy prefabrication units such as steel beams, ready mixed concrete, prefabricated elements and large panel formwork such as machinery and equipment, and a wide variety of other building materials within a construction site. However, it is a difficult combinatorial optimization problem to determine the locations of tower cranes with materials quantity supply and demand for engineers. Swarm intelligence (SI) was very popular and widely used in many complex optimization problems which was collective behaviour of social systems such as honey bees (bee algorithm, BA) and birds (particle swarm optimization, PSO). This study applied a hybrid swarm algorithm namely particle bee algorithm (PBA) based on a particular intelligent behaviour of honey bee and bird swarms by integrates theirs advantages. This study compares the performance of PBA with BA and PSO for a proposed hypothetical construction engineering of TCL with materials quantity supply and demand problem. Results show that PBA performs better performance than the mentioned algorithms on a proposed hypothetical TCL problem.

Aug 1, 2013

By Larry M. Southwick

Extraction of gold and other metals from ores suspended in liquid slurries often involves gases (such as oxygen) as a participant in the reaction. An important factor then in setting the rate of extraction can be mass transfer of the gas into the liquid and/or solids. A number of recent studies have indicated that as solids loadings increase, mass transfer rates of gas into solid-liquid mixtures decreases. This would seem to imply that lower solids loadings would be beneficial to increased reaction rates. However, since it is the solids which are being reacted, a most intriguing paradox is created. More solids should lead to more surface area to react, but it seemingly also provides less gas to react. So is the reaction faster or slower as solids loadings increases? The creation of this paradox is imbedded in how mass transfer and reaction data is collected and measured, how it is analyzed and correlated, and finally on the rate controlling steps in the reaction. An alternative analysis of these studies is presented which clarifies and eliminates the paradox. The analysis applies to water slurries as used in gold or other metal leaching processes or in bio-hydrometallurgy, as well as to molten metal/solid/gas mixtures such as might be encountered in submerged gas injection.

Jan 1, 1999