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By J. R. Martson

The arrangement of the larger furnace at the United Verde smelter, together with the boiler layout and connecting flues, is shown in Fig. 1. The important dimensions are given in the figure, and cross-sectional areas of combustion space, flues, etc., are recorded. The location and extent of the baffling in the boilers also are shown because of their importance in the interpretation of the data. Two boilers serve each reverberatory furnace. They are of the class M-26 Stirling type (rated at 713 boiler hp. each). Steam is generated at 178-lb. gage pressure at a total temperature of 528" F., from feed water at a temperature of 113" F. The feed water is condensate from turbogenerators plus make-up softened by the lime-soda process. The make-up is rather large in amount as it must match the amount of steam consumed in reciprocating blowing engines and the like, which are not served by surface condensers. As a result the boiler feed water has a hardness of 1.5 to 3.0 grains per gallon, but this results in the formation, during six months to one year of boiler operation, of scale only of "eggshell " thickness or less. The boilers are set at the same elevation as the tapping floor of the furnace, which results in the introduction of the waste-heat gases at the top of the front bank of tubes and necessitates the inversion of the usual baffling arrangements. The boilers are equipped with valve-in-the-head soot blowers, which keep most of the dust blown off the surface of the tubes, but it is necessary to supplement the soot blowers by high-pressure air lances, inserted by an attendant through side doors in the boiler setting. Deposits of coal ash and of dust from the furnace charge accumulate in the flues between the reverberatory furnaces and the boilers and this necessitates cleaning of these connecting flues by hand during the greater part of one of the three 8-hr. shifts during each 24 hr. This cleaning operation requires the opening of clean-out doors, which, of course, has some effect on the yield of steam. Revebberatory Furnace Practice The United Verde furnaces are fired with pulverized coal of sub-bituminous type of which the screen and chemical analyses are given in Table 1.

Jan 1, 1934

By Persifor Frazer

The following notes on the Whopper and adjoining mines in the Gunnison district of Colorado mere made in the spring of this year. The time chosen for the author to visit the region was, unfortunately, the most unfavorable of an exceptionably unfavorable year. About the middle of May all the hill slopes, which at this period of the pear are generally covered with pasture, were thickly covered with snow. The unusually large precipitation of this Tear caused loacal mountain torrents at every few hundred feet, which wore away the oft foothills into gulches, gouged great chasms out of the roads, and transformed miles of usually dry soil into dangerous quagmires. Travel was totally interrupted for weeks, except on horseback or afoot, and even then with great difficulty and some danger. The Whopper mine is situated on the Whopper Mountain, about two miles from the headwaters of Rock Creek, and on the right hank of that stream. The Whopper Creek flows into Rock Creek horn the east, and, by a precipitous descent, offers excellent facilities for its utilization as a source of power. This stream, which pours past the picturesque Whopper Cabin about thirty tons of water a minute, has a fall of 100 feet in 400 yards, and is said to be a stream of some size, even at the seasons of the year when drought prevails. The Whopper claim extends down the hill a distance of about 250 feet to its intersection with the Whopper Creek (on the other side of which is a small tunnel on its extension called the "Teller") and over the steep hill northwest to the limits of the claim about 1250 feet. The part of the mountain in which this mine is situated is remarkable for its splendid forest, the spruce, fir, and quaking asp covering the mountain-sides with a green growth of valuable timber. The distance from Gothic City to this mine is about eight miles along the valleys of East River and Rock Creek, and on the divide which separates them. The elevation of Gothic City is given from the engineer's notes as 9500 feet above sea-level, and the mean of several observations with a Beck watch-barometer made the elevation of Whopper Cabin (which is about fifteen feet above the floor of the Whopper upper tunnel) about 1260 feet above Skiles's Cabin in Gothic City. The record of this instrument must, how-

Jan 1, 1881

By Persifor Frazer

THE following notes on the Whopper and adjoining mines in the Gunnison district of Colorado were made in the spring of this year. The time chosen for the author to visit the region was, unfortunately, the most unfavorable of an exceptionably unfavorable year. About the middle of May all the hill slopes, which at this period of the year are generally covered with pasture, were thickly covered with snow. The unusually large precipitation of this year caused local mountain torrents at every few hundred feet, which wore away the soft foothills into gulches, gouged great chasms out of the roads, and transformed miles of usually dry soil into dangerous quagmires. Travel was totally interrupted for weeks, except on horseback or afoot, and even then with great difficulty and some danger. The Whopper mine is situated on the Whopper Mountain, about two miles from the headwaters of Rock Creek, and on the right bank of that stream. The Whopper Creek flows into Rock Creek from the east, and, by a precipitous descent, offers excellent facilities for its utilization as a source of power. This stream, which pours past the picturesque Whopper Cabin .about thirty tons of water a minute, has a fall of 100 feet in 400 yards, and is said to be a stream of some size, even at the seasons of the year when-drought prevails. The Whopper claim extends down the bill a distance of about 250 feet to its intersection with the Whopper Creek (on the other side of which is a small tunnel on its extension called the "Teller ") and over the steep hill northwest to the limits of the claim about 1250 feet. The part of the mountain in which this mine is situated is remarkable for its splendid forest, the spruce, fir, and quaking asp covering the mountain-sides with a green growth of valuable timber. The distance from Gothic City to this mine is about eight miles along the valleys of East River and Rock Creek, and on the divide which separates them. The elevation of Gothic City is given from the engineer's notes as 9500 feet above sea-level, and the mean of several observations with a Beck watch-barometer made the elevation of Whopper Cabin (which is about fifteen feet above the floor of the Whopper upper tunnel) about 1250 feet above Skiles's Cabin in Gothic City. The record of this instrument must, how-

Jan 1, 1881

ALABAMA Alabama City.-Eddy, L. Altoona.-Cain, J. America.-Foreman, J. T. Anniston.-Foster, R. N. Ashland.-Sturdevant, J. C. Bessemer.-Ball, E. M. Calhoun, F. W. Maschmeyer, W. L. McKenzle, W. C., Jr. Birmingham.-Abbott, C. E. Aldrich, T. H. Aldrich, T. H, Jr. Ashton, J J.

Jan 1, 1923

By Waldemar Lindgren

Introduction To the miner, as well as to the geologist, the eastern part of Cuba is a most interesting region. Here we find, in contrast to the moderate relief predominating elsewhere in the island, an imposing mountain range, the Sierra Maestra, extending east and west parallel to the coast, its precipitous front facing the blue Caribbean Sea.. In a geological sense this range is largely an unknown land, the only well-explored region being that in the vicinity of Santiago. The range also contains the most important mineral deposits of the island. They comprise, first, a series of iron deposits yielding a partly hematitized magnetite with low content of phosphorus; second, a remarkable copper-bearing vein at El Cobre; and third, various manganese deposits. Probably more deposits will be found, for the larger and western part of the range is as yet little explored and its slopes are covered by a thick tropical jungle. The following notes are based on a short visit by the senior author in January and February of 1914 to the mines at Daiquiri, El Cobre, and Mayari. For many courtesies and great assistance he is deeply obliged to Charles F. Rand, President of the Spanish-American Iron Co.; to George W. Pfeiffer, General Manager, and to the several members of his staff.

Jan 10, 1915

By Frank Haas

Many articles on the physical properties of fire damp have appeared in the Transactions and elsewhere but practically nothing has been written in regard to its occurrence or fluctuation in quantity in an ordinary mine. After the Monongah explosion in 1907, with the loss of 361 lives, the Consolidation Coal Co. sought a method by which such catastrophes could be prevented. While the cause of this particular explosion was attributed to coal dust, some of those acquainted with the mine thought that fire damp was involved, if it was not the initial cause. So the literature on the subject was studied and mines where similar conditions prevailed in this country and Europe, were visited, with the view of establishing some system by which gas could be more easily detected and controlled. The results of this study were disappointing for no method was found other than the time-honored fire boss with his safety lamp, with some variations in the rules and regulations governing his inspections and reports. Duties of the Fire Boss Pending the development of a better method, it was decided to standardize and perfect the duties of the fire boss and the reports based on his observations. Those who were then in service were closely examined, various lamps were experimented with and the lamps and individuals tested under known conditions. It was found that a fire boss could tell whether gas was present but his estimate of quantity was not even an approximation; therefore, while the services of fire bosses were indispen-sible there was need of additional information by which the quantity of gas could be estimated with some precision in order to determine its variation from time to time. Chemical Process for Determination of Methane After considering all methods known at that time a chemical process was adopted. The principles involved in the process are that in an enclosed receptacle, in the presence of excess air, methane will be completely burned by means of a hot platinum wire to carbon dioxide and

Jan 1, 1927

By C. Willard Hayes

Introduction.—The recent developments in the metallurgy of aluminum and its consequent rapidly growing use in the arts are at present attracting considerable attention to its ores. The success of the Hall electrolytic process, by which the metal is obtained directly from the oxide, has removed bauxite from the position of a rather uninteresting mineral to that of an important ore. Its production on a commercial scale is so recent, particularly in this country, that little attention has yet been paid to its mode of occurrence and origin.. Any investigation, therefore, which throws light upon these points should be of interest to mining engineers- at the present time, especially if the conclusions afford a basis for estimating the probable extent and value of deposits already known and a mane of directing search for others. Two localities in the United States have so far yielded bauxite in commercial quantities. These are in Arkansas and in the Coosa valley of Georgia and Alabama. According to descriptions of the Arkansas deposits by Branner, they bear little resemblance to those in the Southern Appalachians and their geological relations appear to be entirely different. Only the latter deposits are considered in the following paper. These have been briefly described by McCalley† and Spencer.† They were visited by the writer during the past summer and somewhat carefully examined, in connection with the study of the areal geology of the region. Location of the Deposits.—The ore is found irregularly distributed within. a narrow belt of country extending from' Adairsville, Ga.,

Jan 1, 1895

Prof. Frank H. Probert, dean of the College of Mining of the University of California, visited the mining areas in the devastated regions as a member of the Bureau of Mines committee, which is studying the problems presented in the rehabilitation of mines there. He says that the absolute destruction of the coal mines in the Pas de Calais section makes it-necessary to use either the Westphalia or the Saar valley coal. The Saar mines, however, produce a poor quality of coking coal: therefore, it will not be possible to operate blast furnaces very efficiently unless provision is made for the introduction of better coal. He believes

Jan 6, 1919

LIST OF MEMBERS AND ASSOCIATES ARRANGED ACCORDING TO STATES AND TOWNS. ALABAMA. Aldrich, Aldrich, W. F. Anniston, Noble, A. E Bessemer, Fergusson, V. Bir¬mingham, Aldrich, T. H., Jr, Bowron, C. E, Bowron, J., Davis, F H, Dimmick, F. D., Hillman, Ludwig, C. P., McCarthy, M. E, McCormack, G B., McCrery, Ramsay, E, Shook, A. M. Ensley, McDonald, S., Shook, J. W. Gadsden, Lee, R. H., Jr. Gannts Quarry, Hiller, E Helena, Squire, J. Huntsvalle, Moss Le¬high, Toulmin. Ozmoor, Greenamyer, A. G. Rock Run, Garvin, J M. Selma, Saylor, B. F. A. Sheffield, Miller, D, I. Tuscaloosa, Lodge, J. Woodward, Wood¬ward, A. H. ALASKA Coppermount, Wiswell, H. J. Douglas Island, Macdonald, J Ellamar, Stevens, B. Fairbanks, Hamilton, A L Haines, Le Wald, E A. Jualin, Hoggatt, W. B. Juneau, Denby, Hampton, W. H , Thane, B L , Whipple, J. R. Ketchikan, Bar¬ber, J C , Parker, J. L., Reid, G D Nome, Garfield, C D. Snettwham, Tisdale. Teller, Hirshberg, M. R. Treadwell Caty, Kinzie, Stow, H. P. Valdez, Esterly, G. M, Hazelet.

Jan 1, 1910

By Theo B. Comstock

TO the large majority of visitors the unique features of the National Park are interesting chiefly on account of their novelty. Scientists of all schools may find here food for reflection, and much that is rare and marvelous; but the real, practical uses of the reservation, aside from its pleasure-giving adaptations, are not as yet fully appreciated. Since 1873, the writer has on frequent occasions expressed freely his own views upon the proper means of utilizing the Park for the best interests of science.* Some of the recommendations made have been adopted by the authorities. At the suggestion of friends I present here a brief statement of facts concerning matters which may be of advantage for visiting engineers to know, hoping that the very limited stay of the Institute may thereby be rendered a little more profitable, and that our common profession may possibly receive some benefit. First, then, it should be understood that, as in many other cases in. the West, the present routes to the Park from the south are not the most direct. The expedition of Captain (now Major) Jones in 1873 discovered a practicable route for a, wagon or railroad via the head of Wind River, through To-gwo-tee Pass and Two-Ocean Pass, by which the distance from Point of Rocks, Wyoming, on the Union Pacific R.R., to the Yellowstone Lake, is only 290 miles. Eventually, it is probable that a railway line from Cheyenne or some other point in Wyoming will be constructed, which, taking advantage of

Jan 1, 1888

Executive A. R. LEDOUX, Chairman GEORGE D. BARRON SIDNEY J. JENNINGS J. V. N. DORR J. E. JOHNSON, JR.¬ Membership J. E. JOHNSON, JR., Chairman KARL EILERS F. F. SHARPLESS R. M. RAYMOND LEWIS W. FRANCIS Finance J. V. N. DORR, Chairman CHARLES F. RAND J. V. W. REYNDERS Library E. GYBBON SPILSBURY,' Chairman ALEXANDER C. HUMPHREYS GEORGE C. STONE' JOHN H. JANEWAY BRADLEY STOUGHTON Papers and Publications BRADLEY STOUGHTON, Chairman

Jan 1, 1923

CONTENTS PAGE PEIRCE, CARL-Making Rimmed Steel. Discussed by L. F. Reinartz. H. D. Hibbard, C. L. Kinney, Jr., A. H. Woodward, V. B. Buck, A. L. Feild, J. V. W. Reynders 1 SCHROEDER, F. W., and LARSEN, B. M.-Progress Report of the Effect of the Open-hearth Process on Refractories. Discussed by D. A. Lyon 12 KEATS, J. L., and HERTY, C. H.-Elimination of Metalloids in the Basic Open-hearth Process. Discussed by J. V. W. Reynders 14 Making Rimmed Steel Discussion of paper by CARL PEIRCE, presented at the New York fleeting and issued, as Paper No. 1563-C, with MINING AND METALLURGY, March, 1926. L. F. REINARTZ, Middletown, Ohio.-Mr. Carl Peirce has presented a valuable paper on a subject that has been very widely discussed in recent years, especially since the demand for high finish, deep drawing and other grades of sheet steel in the lower carbon ranges has become an important factor in the steel business. Steel of this analysis has been produced for many years, but the product for which it was made did not require the extra care in the steel plant that it does today. It must now be worked down into thin sheets for special purposes and undergo many severe finishing processes both in the steel mill and in the fabricating plants. Mr. Peirce's paper has outlined in a concise and logical manner the steps which must be taken in manufacturing such steels. The secret of successs is attention to details of well known steel practices. I agree with him that quality steels of this class cannot normally be made out of inferior raw materials. Scrap should be clean and if possible not too variable in analysis. Galvanized scrap or babbit are particularly objectionable. Scrap should be in such physical condition that undue delays are not encountered in charging the furnace. Limestone should preferably contain over 95 per cent. available calcium carbonate, and be free from clay or other foreign substances. Almost universal practice shows that 10 per cent. limestone is required for proper slag volumes to protect the metal from over oxidation. The use of 8 per cent. limestone makes the operation less fool-proof.

Jan 4, 1926

By H. A. Guess

A Discussion of the Paper by Mr. H. A. Guess, read at the Atlantic City meeting, February, 1904. MR. JOSEPH P. GAZZAM, Germiston, Transvaal, So. Africa (communication to the Secretary*) :-About fourteen years ago, in southeastern Missouri, I used a method for the wet determination of lead which closely resembles the modified sulphate-chromate method described by Mr. Guess. The principal difference, however, is, that after dissolving the lead chromate in hydrochloric acid, the chromic acid is determined by means of a standard solution of ferrous sulphate. The method, which I believe is still in use in southeastern Missouri, was found to be convenient and accurate for the determination of lead in the ores and various products of the mills and furnaces in that district, but it was never used for complex ores. A number of determinations of lead in mill-tailings were made in the year 1891; a few of these results are given in Table I.

Mar 1, 1905

By Jennings S. Cox

The following notes, prepared in 1908, as the result of a personal examination and extensive explorations under my direction in 1906, have been revised and greatly augmented after two subsequent visits and further explorations in 1910. The hard iron-ores of the south coast of Oriente Province, in the island of Cuba, have been known for many years, in fact one mine has been in operation for more than 20 years; but it is only within the past four years that the large mantle-deposits of brown ores of the north coast have attracted serious attention. A. C, Spencer' has described these ores in a paper, entitled Three Deposits of Iron Ore in Cuba, which refers to the Mayari, Moa, and Cubitas deposits. C. M. Weld,2 in a scholarly paper, The Residual Brown Iron-Ores of Cuba, has discussed the character and possible genesis of these deposits with particular reference to the Moa field, calling attention also to the Taco and Navas fields in addition to those described by Spencer. Descriptive articles with reference to the Mayari field, and a few words about the Moa deposit, have also appeared3 It is the purpose of the present paper to give some account of the exploration of the Moa deposit arid to call attention to its commercial importance. Location. The Moa district is situated on the north coast of the Province of Oriente, which is the most easterly province of the

Jan 1, 1912

By R. A. Wagstaff

THE method of charging a reverberatory furnace has changed many times since smelting was introduced in this country from the old smelters of Swansea, England. The cause of the latest change at the Garfield plant has been the excessive fineness of the charge due to fine grinding in the concentration of the crude copper ores. The many desirable features of deep-bath smelting as now used at Garfield have been proved. The old method of dropping the charge through holes in the arch (known as center-feed method) causes excessive dusting which makes heavy slag and causes flue-dust losses, also rapid deterioration of the silica brickwork of the furnace through fusion .with the iron oxides from the dust. The purpose of this paper is to describe a gun feeder that was designed to overcome the disadvantages of the older methods of center feeding and still maintain the good features of deep-bath smelting with the hot finer charge. A gun feeder was designed to introduce the finely divided hot calcines under the moving gas stream of the combustion zone and still have them spread in a uniform blanket over the highly heated matte bath. The temperature of the furnace was so great that it was impossible to maintain a stationary feeder, so a movable feeder was designed that could be introduced into the highly heated zone and be withdrawn after the charge had been dropped. It was necessary to protect the nozzle of the gun with a water-cooled coil. Many different types of protected nozzles were tried, such as air jackets, water jackets and heat-resisting steel alloys, but none proved satisfactory.

Jan 1, 1932

By Walter Harvey Weed

In a previous paper upon the enrichment of mineral veins by later metallic sulphides,? the writer has shown that certain masses of rich ores, such as are found in many mines, either near the water-line or as bonanzas in depth, are of secondary origin, and are due to a leaching of lean ore and the concentration of the material by reaction between the solution and the unaltered ore below. The geological and mineralogical evidence is believed to form an adequate basis for a chemical and physical explanation of the phenomenon. In the present paper the writer will give a brief synopsis of this theory, and will apply it more particularly to deposits of the precious metals, laying special emphasis upon the dependence of such enrichments upon the presence of iron sulphide (as pyrite, etc.) in the primary ore, and upon structural features which control the circulation of the enriching solutions below the water-level. It is believed that many, though not all, of the bonanzas arid pay-shoots of rich sulphide ores, especially those carrying gold and silver, which are encountered in ore-deposits, are of such secondary origin. Apparently it is essential that the occurrence and structural relations of such ore-masses should be understood, as the success of the mine is often dependent upon the finding and extraction of these ores. A legitimate deduction, too, is that such ore-deposits decrease in value With depth. As my own studies have been mainly in Montana, my illustrations must be drawn from the ore-deposits of this and adjacent States, with such as I have noted in hurried visits else-

Jan 1, 1901

By T. Egleston

The importance of condensing the gases which escape from furnaces so as to save both the fine particles of ore carried off mechanically and those which are volatilized, has for a long time occupied the serious attention of metallurgists in all parts of the world. It was my good fortune during the last summer to visit the lead and silver works at Ems, near Coblentz on the Rhine, and through the politeness of Mr. Freudenberg, general director of the works, to study in detail their methods of condensation, and to receive from him the important results which have been obtained through a series of experiments lasting over a number of years. I have thought, that these results would be of great interest to the members of the Institute and to other metallurgists in the United States, and I have, therefore, with the assistance of Mr. Freudenberg, prepared a careful, detailed description of the construction of the flues, as well as an account of the various experiments which have been made with them, and the conclusions arrived at as the result of these experiments. It may be said, in general, that the reason why so little attention has been paid in the metallurgical works of the United States to the collection of flue-dust, is that we are not generally aware of the large amount of material carried off by the gases. This is owing partly to the fact that little or no attention is paid to the subject, and also to the fact that the assays, which are almost invariably made in the dry way, show a result so much below the real contents

Jan 1, 1883

By Walter Harvey Weed

INTRODUCTION. IN a previous paper upon the enrichment of mineral veins by later metallic sulphides,† the writer has shown that certain masses of rich ores, such as are found in many mines, either near the water-line or as bonanzas in depth, are of secondary origin, and are due to a leaching of lean ore and the concentration of the material by reaction between the solution and the unaltered ore below. The geological and mineralogical evidence is believed to form an adequate basis for a chemical and physical explanation of the phenomenon. In the present paper the writer will give a brief synopsis of this theory, and will apply it more particularly to deposits of the precious metals, laying special emphasis upon the dependence of such enrichments upon the presence of iron sulphide (as pyrite, etc.) in the primary ore, and upon structural features which control the circulation of the enriching solutions below the water-level. It is believed that many, though not all, of the bonanzas and pay-shoots of rich sulphide ores, especially those carrying gold and silver, which are encountered in ore-deposits, are of such secondary origin. Apparently it is essential that the occurrence and structural relations of such ore-masses should be understood, as the success of the mine is often dependent upon the finding and extraction of these ores. A legitimate deduction, too, is that such ore-deposits decrease in value with depth. As my own studies have been mainly in Montana, my illustrations must be drawn from the ore-deposits of this and adjacent States, with such as I have noted in hurried visits elsewhere. The literature of ore-deposits doubtless affords also

Jan 1, 1902

NEW MEMBERS The following list comprises the names of those persons who became members during the period of June 10, 1917, to July 10, 1917. BANKS, LEON MAXWELL Agent 3. Supt., Grant Leasing Co. Metcalf Ariz. BEAUCHAMP, HENRY CLAY : Mine Operator, Sisson, Siskiyou Co., Cal. BOCKING, CHARLES, Asst. Mgr., Butte & Superior ,Mining Co., Rialto Bldg., Butte, Mont. BEYER, HERMAN E., Chief Engr., Condenser Dept., Ingersoll-Rand Co., 11 Broadway, New York, N. Y. BLACK, HERBERT F 1512 Oliver Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. BRENNAN, PATRICK J., Gen'l. Supt., Elkhorn Division, Consolidation Coal Co., Jenkins, Ky. BUTNER, DANIEL W., Chem. & Supt., Underground Min., Spanish American Iron Co., Daiquiri, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. CARLTON, DAVE P Nevada-Douglas Cons. Copper Co., Ludwig, Nev. DE AROZENA, JOE Min. Engr., 321 Preusser St., San Angelo, Texas. DICKIE, CHARLES HERBERT, Pres., Georgia River Min. Co., Duncan, Vancouver Island, B. C., Canada. DOBBINS, WALTER Mill Foreman, Chino Copper Co., Hurley, New Mexico. DRURY, CHARLES W., Asst. Professor of Met., Queen's University, Kingston Out. Canada.

Jan 8, 1917

By A. W. Hesse

TWELVE years ago, a meeting of coal-mine operators, mining engineers, oil and gas operators, Bureau of Mines engineers, geologists and state mine inspectors took place in Pittsburgh, Pa. for the purpose of discussing, and solving if possible, the problems in connection with the drilling of oil and gas wells through or near coal mines and through the future coal reserves. Proposed regulations were drafted and presented at that meeting by 0. P. Hood and A. G. Heggem of the Bureau of Mines.1There was considerable discussion of the various articles, practically all of which appear in Bulletin 65, but unfortunately the interest aroused at that meeting was short lived. Practically none of the important coal-, producing states gave the matter the consideration it should have received at that time. REASONS FOR AGAIN RAISING THE QUESTION Notwithstanding the marked progress in, safety work, coal mines still have an unenviable reputation for mine explosions. Our mining laws have become stricter and the enforcement, especially in Pennsylvania, more sternly carried out, but what good will come from a rigid carrying out of the mining laws if some source of danger exists all around the mines, over which the operators have no control? It is hardly necessary to recite all the cases of natural-gas explosions published in Bulletin 65, but with some of them I am especially familiar. In 1912, while making one of my usual Sunday visits to the Miners' Hospital, at Fairmont, W. Va., my attention was called to a patient in a horribly burned condition. He was swathed in bandages so that no part of his face and hands were visible. He had not then been informed that his two sons, mere boys, had died of the burns they had received in the same accident. This explosion was due to natural gas leaking into a country mine at Peora, Harrison Co., W. Va.

Jan 2, 1925