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By Jean-Luc Collins

"The paper deals with the impact of fleet imbalance on a deterministic evaluation of shovel fleet productive capacity. It shows that if the fleet imbalance is overlooked, then estimated fleet productive capacity will be overrated.The paper shows that fleet imbalance inflates utilization, and care must be taken when using such statistics which are derived from reported field-equipment-hours. It shows that the utilization must be deflated by a factor called 'balancing efficiency"" in order to estimate shovel productive capacity correctly. The paper also shows how fleet imbalance can be controlled by managing idle time or downtime in an actual operation.The technique used for measuring the balancing efficiency factor is based on statistical analysis of equipment utilization."

Jan 1, 1980

By W. L. Uglow

In recent years, the microscope has come to be recognized as a valuable aid to engineers whose business is the discovery, development, concentration or reduction of metallic ores. In many of the large treatment plants microscopical research has already an important status; and in the hands of efficient operators the microscope has indicated methods of solving ore problems resulting in the saving of thousands of dollars that otherwise might have been lost in tailings, or expended in freight rates or smelter charges. Failure to procure all the information that the microscope can supply concerning the physical and mineralogical characteristics of complex ores has in many cases led to the construction of unsuitable concentrators, just as the failure to investigate in detail the geological conditions of an ore deposit has often results in the squandering of money on shaft sinking, and mechanical installations which subsequent development of the deposit failed to justify. The great progress recently made in the selective separation of minerals by means of the various processes of flotation and leaching brings strongly to our attention, the scope of the field in which microscopical methods may be advantageously employed. The microscope enables one to observe the minute details of rock, ore, gangue, concentrate, tailing, matte, slag and metal, that are invisible to the naked eye. Furthermore, the technique of microscopal research has been so highly developed that a microscopist can not only observe, but deter-mine the compositions and measure the diameters of the mineral constituents in the ore to be treated. Magnifications of these constituents up to 3,000 diameters may be produced by the proper combination of eyepiece, objective, and projection apparatus, and the images thus viewed may be photographed through the microscope, and permanent records made of them.

Jan 1, 1924

By G. E. Norman, R. E. Michelutti

"One of the major objectives of Falconbridge has been and continues to be, to minimize the impact of its operations on the environment around its Sudbury operations.The approach to achieving this objective and the results, are discussed under the following topics .I . Sulphur Dioxide Emission Improvements.2. Effluent Treatment Improvements .3. Effect of the Envrionmental Improvements.Sulphur Dioxide Emission ImprovementsHistoryThe rejection of pyrrhotite in the concentrators is one method of reducing the amount of sulphur to the smelter and therefore the sulphur dioxide emissions. In the 1950s and 1960s, Falconbridge developed the capability to remove 54% of this pyrrhotite. Numerous attempts were made to increase this amount by treating the pyrrhotite for recovery of nickel and in some cases elemental sulphur. Processes tested and operated were: hydrometallurgical pilot plant, roast-leach commercial operation and nickel-iron refinery. None of these processes proved to be commerically successful for both technical and economic reasons. Falconbridge therefore redirected its efforts to reducing sulphur emissions by improving its smelting process under The Smelter Environmental Improvement Project. A major component of this project was the installation of a sulphuric acid plant to recover the S02 in the roaster off-gases."

Jan 1, 1984

By P. K. Kaiser, S. Maloney, S. Yazici

"This paper focusses on the strength or capacity of cable bolts and introduces a new perspective for cable bolt design by demonstrating that mining-induced stress changes may affect cables in a detrimental manner. The concept underlying a novel cable bolt pull-out resistanceor bond capacity model is described and its practical significance is demonstrated by application to a simple two dimensional scenario of a fall-of-ground.A number of practical implications emerging from the application of this model are discussed to provide guidance to ground control personnel jar improving cable bolt support systems in mining applications. These include cable layout optimization, use of cable pre-reinforcements, assessment of embedment length requirements, need for plated cables (or straps), use of bird-caged cables (or buttons), and grout quality issues.IntroductionDuring the last decade, cable bolting has become a standard support technique in mining for handling wide spans, reinforcing are passes, preventing or reducing dilution of ore in marginally stable stopes, and for many other rock support need s.In its infancy, many deficiencies in cable bolt supports resulted from improper installation techniques and, in particular, grout quality control problems and the use of empty breather tubes (Goris, 1990). The development of special grout pumps and fail proof placement procedures (Oliver, 1992; Bourchier and O'Flaherty, 1992) have eliminated many of these early problems. Nevertheless, there are still situations where cables seem to lose their capacity during mining, and in these cases the cables do not provide the expected and needed ground support. In some instances, cables perform extremely well, whereas in others the same support layout and quality of support installation seem to be insufficient, allowing falls-of-ground or progressive cavings to occur."

Jan 1, 1992

By Mayumi Ito

Mineral processing of rare-earth ore from the Dong Pao deposit, Vietnam, was investigated. The ore contained bastnaesite, (REE (rare earth element)) CO3F, as the valuable mineral and barite, quartz, and fluorite as gangue. To establish a mineral processing flowchart, selective comminution, size classification, and magnetic separation were tested. Bastnaesite shows brittle properties and selective comminution was applied to improve the purity of products. The crushed products were classified by decantation, and the overflow product showed high purity of bastnaesite indicating that bastnaesite becomes fines by crushing and that selective crushing can be used to concentrate the bastnaesite. Magnetic separation for the sink product was carried out and the mag-product showed high recovery rates of bastnaesite, indicating that the combination of size classification and magnetic separation is effective.

Aug 1, 2013

By K. Torigoe, S. Owad, C. Tokoro, Y Tsunazawa

The mechanism of an abrasion process to recover metal values by removing components from printed circuit boards (PCBs) is modeled using a discrete element method (DEM) simulation. To simulate the abrasion process, a model PCB geometry was constructed consisting of bonded particulates. The simulation allowed connections between particles to be broken if the bonding force calculated from DEM exceeded a threshold level. Simulation results were compared with experimental comminution data using an agitation mill with test PCBs on which nine capacitors were surface solder-mounted. Simulation results obtained from the DEM with the anchoring model corresponded to experimental observations.

Jan 1, 2011

By T. Kalliomäki, A. T. Aji, M. Lundström, J. Aromaa

The settling properties of anode slime in copper electrorefining have crucial effect on copper cathode quality. Anode slime settling is affected by electrolyte composition and temperature, electrolyte circulation, and the sizes and density of the slime particles and agglomerates. Typically, the industrial copper electrolytes contain 40–60 g/dm3 Cu2+, 130–220 g/dm3 H2SO4, 0.04–25 g/dm3 Ni2+, 0.005–30 g/dm3 As, and have operating temperature of 55–70°C. In optimal electrorefining process, the settling rate of anode slime is sufficiently high to avoid the risk of getting the slime entrapped in copper cathodes. In this research the settling properties of copper electrorefining bottom slimes, mainly consisting of Cu, Ni, Ag, Se, Pb, As, Bi, Sb and Ba compounds, were studied by settling rate tests. The tests were conducted in water and synthetic electrolytes with known viscosities and densities. In addition, the effect of agglomeration was taken into account – it was observed that breaking the agglomerates which existed in the as-received slimes decreased the particle sizes on average 56–73%, which decreased the settling rate. The results of this study provide detailed information of anode slime settling and thus clarify the conditions causing cathode contamination risks in copper electrorefining. INTRODUCTION Settling rates of Cu-ER anode slimes affect the purity of cathode copper and faster settling rate decreases the contamination risk (Davenport et al., 2002; Shi & Ye, 2013). The settling rates are affected by the properties of anode slime particles (Wills & Napier-Munn, 2011; Aaltonen, 2014; Kiviluoma, Aaltonen, Aromaa, Lundström & Forsén, 2016) as well as viscosity and density of the electrolyte (Davenport, King, Schlesinger, Biswas, & Robinson, 2002; Shi & Ye, 2013). Thus, it is crucial to find out how the viscosity and density affect the settling rates. Small spherical particles with diameter below approximately 50 µm obey Stokes’ law (Equation 1) (Wills & Napier-Munn, 2011). v = gd 2 (ρS – ρF) (18η) -1 (1) where v is terminal velocity (m/s), g acceleration due to gravity (m/s2), d diameter of particle (m), ρS density of particle (kg/m3), ρF density of fluid (kg/m3), and η dynamic viscosity (Pa∙s). The approximate effects of kinematic viscosity (ν = η / ρS), density (ρS) and particle sizes on settling rates defined for small anode slime particles based on Stokes’ law are presented in Figure 1. However, Stokes’ law does not take into account other than spherical shapes, and it is only applicable for small particles. Consequently, the real settling rates of the particles are lower than these (Wills & Napier-Munn, 2011). Moreover, some of the anode slime particles are larger than 50 µm (Aaltonen, 2014).

Jan 1, 2019

By R. G. Gillies, C. A. Shook, W. H. W. Husband

"The current state of knowledge concerning pipeline transport of coal in water slurry form is summarized for the four categories: coal-water fuels, conventional fine coal slurries, coarse coals and stabilized mixtures of coarse and fine particles. Surface chemistry is of dominant importance for coal-water fuels and considerable progress in understanding the role of surfactants has been achieved in recent years. Little generalized research on the flow of conventional fine coal slurries has been done in the past 17years, although innumerable conceptual designs and feasibility studies have been undertaken. Coarse coal slurries are fairly well understood but the model which explains their flow requires more data to be established fully. Stabilized flow mixtures should probably obey the same model as coarse coal slurries but experimental results for stabilized mixtures have not yet been incorporated in a comprehensive theory.IntroductionPipeline transportation of coal in a water vehicle has been employed for many years in coal washeries. It has been used less frequently in hydraulic mining and thermal power station fuel supply systems. The suitability of coal for pipeline transport arises from its moderate specific gravity relative to the carrier fluid and the fact that throughputs are often large and steady over long periods of time."

Jan 1, 1990

By Anna Szostak-Chrzanowski, Adam Chrzanowski

"New techniques in monitoring surveys and new methods in the analysis and prediction of ground subsidence are being developed in the Department of Surveying Engineering at the University of New Brunswick (UNB). The new surveying techniques include a telemetry monitoring system developed at UNB in cooperation with CANMET, and use of the satellite Global Positioning System. A generalized approach to the analysis of deformation surveys has been developed which permits an integrated analysis of geodetic and geotechnical measurements in geometrical modelling of ground subsidence. A computer program, FEMMA, has been developed for the elastic and non-linear elastic analysis and the deterministic prediction of deformations using the finite element method.IntroductionResearch and development of new monitoring techniques and new methods in the analysis and prediction of ground subsidence in mining areas is an integral part of a broad research program on deformation surveys which is being carried out in the Department of Surveying Engineering at the University of New Brunswick.The research concentrates on:developmentof a general method for predicting deformations with an emphasis on the use of the non-linear elastic finite element analysis; development of a generalized approach to the geometrical analysis of deformation surveys with an integration of geodetic and geotechnical measurements; and development of new monitoring techniques with an emphasis on continuous data acquisition and application of new space techniques such as the satellite Global Positioning System (GPS).This paper gives a brief report on the progress and recent developments within the above program."

Jan 1, 1987

By P. J. Oakley, W. M. Thomas, S. W. Kallee, D. G. Staines

A Friction stir welding (FSW) is now extensively used in aluminium industries for joining and material processing applications. The (FSW) technology has gained increasing interest and importance since its invention at TWI almost 15 years ago. The basic principle, recent applications and the continuing development of the FSW technology are described. The paper will introduce some of the variants of FSW, such as Dual-rotation, Twin-stir(TM), and the Stir-lock(TM) technique.

Jan 1, 2006

By Stephen G. Hardcastle, Michel G. Grenier

"Safety and health issues are and have been in the last decade a very high priority item with all parties involved in the Canadian mining industry. As a result of this high level of concern for workers' safety and health, Canadian mines are at the leading edge of environmental control technology. For the most part, the occurrence of pollutants in mines is unavoidable. Dust from mining operations, airborne radiation, gases and heat from the strata as well as gases and particulate from diesel engine emissions will undoubtedly be found to some level in most Canadian mines. A lot of work remains to be done, however, in order to bring all Canadian mines at the same level of proficiency when it comes to safety and health. Also, more work is needed in order to maintain our status as world leaders in this field.CANMET's Mining Research Laboratories (MRL) in Elliot Lake and Bells Corners, Ontario, with the cooperation of the mining industry, have contributed to improving environmental conditions in underground and surface mining and milling operations. The extent of collaboration and efforts vary widely from long-term, multi-million dollar projects between several interested parties to smaller projects involving one laboratory and a single mining operation. This paper gives examples of such collaborative efforts and potential future directions as they apply to: mine ventilation analysis using tracer gas techniques, optimization of mine ventilation network efficiency using real-time monitoring and controlled recirculation (heat saving), respirable dust and radiation sampling and control techniques, diesel emission control using regenerative ceramic filters and, finally, the control of sulphide dust explosions and resulting sulphur dioxide production."

Jan 1, 1990

By G. Morin, S. Amira, F. Chiesa, B. Duchesne

"The effect of heat treatment on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance of A206 aluminum alloy was studied using the breaking load test according to ASTM G139 standard. This method uses the residual strength measurement from tensile test specimens previously stressed axially while exposed to the 3.5% NaCl alternate immersion test according to ASTM G44 standard. The residual strength after exposure is used as a measure of SCC degradation. The performed heat treatments were conventional natural aging T4 and artificial over-aging T7 tempers in addition to artificial aging T6 temper added for purpose of comparison. These tests showed that A206-T4 has a good resistance to SCC at pre-loads up to 100 MPa while A206-T7 was prone to SCC for pre-loads of 0 and 50 MPa, and showed total loss of ductility for pre-load of 100 MPa. Both A206-T4 and A206-T7 pre-loaded at 150 MPa showed poor resistance to SCC. A206-T6 showed the worst susceptibility to SCC as it lost all mechanical resistance at the end of the alternate exposure to 3.5% NaCl solution, even without any applied pre-load. Metallographic analyses showed that the resistance of A206 alloy to SCC is mainly affected by the transition from pitting to intergranular corrosion attack. The initiation and the propagation of intergranular corrosion attack might be assisted by high stress concentrations in the pits, particularly for pre-loads higher than 100 MPa. The transition from pitting to intergranular corrosion can also be promoted by hydrogen evolution from growing pits, which supports crack propagation by hydrogen embrittlement.INTRODUCTIONA206 aluminum-copper casting alloy offers ones of the best mechanical properties among the aluminum foundry alloys. This alloy belongs to the 206 alloy family developed in 1970s as an alternative to the highly resistant and ductile but more expensive Ag containing 201 alloy (Tiryakioglu, 2009). A206 showed also good low cycle fatigue strength (Sigworth, 2002). These properties made A206 alloy a strong candidate for some vehicles lightweighting applications. In spite of its interesting properties cited above, A206 alloy was rarely used in critical applications due to its tendency for hot tearing and stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Studies of A206 hot tearing behavior showed that this tendency can be reduced by improving castability and by grain refinement (Sigworth, 2002). The optimisation of the casting design can also prevent the tendency toward hot tearing. The SCC of aluminum-copper alloys arises from their susceptibility to localised corrosion, especially in chloride containing media. The localised corrosion in Al-Cu alloys is caused mainly by their heterogeneous microstructure, where the presence of many phases leads to the formation of micro-galvanic coupling with the matrix. However, most of the studies aimed at investigate the SCC of Al-Cu alloys concerned the wrought ones, especially the AA2024 alloy tempered in the T3 (or derivative) condition and few studies concerned the 206 and cast alloys in general (Alexopoulos, 2009 and 2016; Campestrini, 2000; Vogt, 1998; Talamantes-Silva, 2008; Zhang, 2003). Jean et al. (Jean, 2009) studied the effect of heat treatment on SCC behavior of B206 alloy using alternate immersion technique and grain boundary attack method and did not find direct correlation between the two methods. Another study showed that aging of 206 alloy may make a casting susceptible to SCC (Sigworth, 2002). However, these studies did not provide detailed information about the mechanisms of SCC of 206 alloy, as well as the effect of the stress intensity. The present work investigates the effect heat treatments and the stress intensity on the morphology of the corrosion attack and the SCC behavior A206 aluminum alloy. This study uses the breaking load test according to ASTM G139. This test utilizes direct tensile specimens and was developed to give a more quantitative measure of the SCC performance of resistant aluminum"

Jan 1, 2016

By L. Fernandes

A factorial study was performed to investigate the relative effects of temperature, copper concentration and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) concentration on the performance of thiosulfate leaching of gold. A total of 24 leaching experiments were performed representing eight unique combinations of high-low levels of the three factors performed in triplicate. All investigations were performed in an electrochemical cell with an electrolyte composed of 0.1 M sodium thiosulfate with a combination of copper (either 0 mM or 1 mM) and DMSA (either 0???or 1µM). All leaching investigations were conducted under open circuit while the electrolyte, which was open to the atmosphere and mechanically stirred, was maintained at either 25°C or 50°C. After 1.5h of leaching the amount of gold in solution was quantified using ICP-MS analysis from an aliquot of the electrolyte. Results indicate that DMSA addition improved gold leaching performance, most notably at 50°C and with addition of copper. Under this unique condition, the quantity of gold in solution was reproducibly and significantly above the average response of all other factors studied.

Jan 1, 2014

By Sandra L. Mesa-Espitia, Gretchen T. Lapidus

Gold present in arsenopyrite matrices is refractory and requires highly oxidative pretreatments in order to obtain acceptable degrees of extraction. However, these release many byproducts that are harmful to the environment. In the present work, a high-grade arsenopyritic ore was pretreated with different solutions, containing hydroxide ion, EDTA, oxalic, tartaric, or citric acids, to improve gold extractions in a posterior leaching step. The pretreatments were carried out at room temperature for 24 hours with a respective ligand concentration of 0.25 M. Once completed, the residue was leached in a thiosulfate solution to quantify the effect of the pretreatment on gold extraction. Only 29% of the gold content was leached, with very slow kinetics, in the untreated mineral. However, after pretreatment with tartaric or citric acid, the kinetics improved, although the percentage of gold extraction only reached 42-45%. The highest gold recovery, with very rapid kinetics, was found with the oxalic acid or the hydroxyl ion pretreatment (70 and 62%), respectively, but also corresponded to the most arsenic co-dissolution.

Jan 1, 2014

By D. Lessard, S. Nantel

"Surface crown pillars are important Canadian,mining structures. Mines operating in the Canadian Shield usually have several, forming a first line of protection from surface elements.Detailed technical information from twenty-four Canadian hard rock mines show that the deposits dip steeply and are generally either single or multiple veins. Considerable overburden usually cap the deposits. The rock mass is often altered and intersected by important discontinuities.The designs for these types of pillars lack basic data and are based on experience rather than a scientific approach. Regardless of the competence of the rock mass, the surface crown-pillar thickness to width ratios (an unscientific design tool used by the industry) are usually less than five. Rock bolting is, in almost every case, used as a support measure. However, there are many openings neither backfilled nor monitored.The characteristics of openings with surface crown pillars are also examined."

Jan 1, 1988

By Malcolm R. Gent

"The presence in Saskatchewan of sixteen kimberlite pipes of probable late Albian age has been reported. An abundance of aeromagnetic anomalies possibly attributable to kimberlite pipes have been identified and it is anticipated that industry has acquired reasonable proof of the presence of more than seventy k imberlite pipes in Saskatchewan. Historical reports of diamonds, the discovery of kimberlite pipes and these aeromagnetic anomalies indicate the Phanerozoic Basin and some parts of the exposed Shield in Saskatchewan have an excellent potential f or the occurrence of economically exploitable diamond deposits. The presence of some igneous minerals found in some salt solution breccias also indicates the probable occurrence of extensive diatreme activity during the Devonian.A Laramide Orogeny-induced crustal hinging or arching of the eastern margin of the Phanerozoic Basin and probably dextral wrenching-induced arching and faulting within the basin are proposed as major factors in the emplacement of Cretaceous or younger kimberlites. Zones of crustal weakness between subcratonic Archean blocks and internal faults are also thought to be significant controlling factors in the location of kimberlites in Saskatchewan.Mapped aeromagnetic anomalies interpreted as being possibly due to kimberlite pipes generally tend to be concentrated in, areas underlain by a basement of or with components of Archean age. Within Saskatchewan, these anomalies occur within the probable Trans-Hudson Orogen zone; the Rae-Hearn Craton margin; and the northeast flank of the Elkpoint Basin. Recognized areas of potential f or kimberlite emplacement are the Phanerozoic basin margin, the western limit of the Superior Province adjoining the Churchill Province, and a swath approximately 150m wide along the northeast-southwest trending Shaunavon linear and other areas of inner basin arching."

Jan 1, 1992

By B. Das

"Computers have been used extensively in the mineral industry in exploration, reserves calculation, mining technology, mineral processing, etc. With respect to coal mining, there are also various applications for evaluating rock slope stability of open pits, design of open pits, underground operations, mine ventilation, ground control, data processing and management information, operations control and certain technological applications. Mine ventilation appears to be the field in underground coal mining touched on most; on the other hand, underground coal mining methods evaluation is represented only sparingly.It is therefore essential to review the status of the computer in underground coal mining methods evaluation in order to define its scope for further application. The paper discusses the roles of the mining engineer, programmer, computer operator and analyst as well as that of the computer. The important parameters will be identified and discussed along with their application for different underground coal mining methods, with their individual unit processes. Mainly, longwall face operations have been covered. Although many models have been of academic interest, they can be considered as important steps in a transition stage which will be followed by more practical applications for computers for underground coal mining method evaluations in the future. This calls for a coordinated effort from all concerned."

Jan 1, 1981

By Rae Simpson

"This paper provides insight into the elements of computerized maintenance systems and identifies some of the factors which influence their effectiveness. The paper describes what to expect in terms of benefits and problems, the nature of effective computerized maintenance systems, some of the systems available and a process for selecting a system for your organization.The paper will be of interest to mining company executives and maintenance or computer personnel who are involved with, or contemplating, the introduction of computerized maintenance systems.IntroductionIn the drive to improve profits in an increasingly competitive world, mining companies are now using some of the most sophisticated equipment available. The introduction of large and complex equipment such as drag lines, haul trucks, and high-capacity milling equipment has resulted in order-of magnitude improvements in productivity. However, this productivity is now, more than ever, dependent on the continued operation of the equipment. A prolonged breakdown of a critical component can have a significant effect on companies' bottom-line results. As more technologically sophisticated equipment is introduced, maintenance costs become an increasingly important factor for mining companies.Fortunately, sound modern management principles are being used more often in maintenance departments. Progressive maintenance managers are turning to computers to help manage the myriad of details associated with running a maintenance organization.Some maintenance departments in larger mining operations would find it difficult, if not impossible, to operate at current productivity levels without their computer systems. Unfortunately, some other companies gain very little from their computerized systems and would probably be better off without them.How can you be sure that computerized maintenance will improve the maintenance picture for your company? What benefits can you expect to achieve? How do you go about selecting a maintenance system for your organization? These are some of the questions facing industry managers and executives today. In the following sections, we will provide some guidelines and insights to help address these challenges."

Jan 1, 1988

By S. Esfahani, M. Barati, K. Danaei

"Substituting Portland cement with slag cement is one of the most economically attractive uses of slags. For this application, high cooling rates are required to form an amorphous structure. However, this is counteracted by the need to use small coolant flowrate to allow recovery of slag thermal energy as high quality heat to the coolant fluid. Therefore, a relationship between cooling rate of slag and its structure is essential to recover the heat effectively while making an amorphous slag.A modified Single Hot Thermocouple Technique (SHTT) was employed to investigate the crystallization behavior of slags by plotting their TTT (Time-Temperature, Transformation) diagrams. Seven different slag compositions containing CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, MgO were prepared at varying basicity (CaO/SiO2 =0.5-1.4).The results indicate that with increasing basicity, the TTT curves of glassy to crystalline transformation shift to the left which means higher crystallization tendency. This agrees with the fact that with the increase of basicity, the Si-O bonds are weakened, which in turn facilitates the re-ordering and crystallization of the silicate structure."

Jan 1, 2014

By Masashige Makifuchi, Hiroki Kumakura, Kota Nagai, Takahiro Kikuchi

"A large amount of platinum group metals (PGM) are used in automobile catalyst. It is important to recover the metals from wasted catalyst. Nomura and Kageyama (2013) suggested recovery process that PGM oxides were absorbed to perovskite-type oxide based on LaScO3. In their process, the PGM in wasted catalyst as absorbed to the perovskite-type oxide as PGM oxide. It has potential to each element in the process if the perovskite-type oxide is selected properly. In this study, the PGM oxide absorption properties of various perovskite-type oxides are investigated to develop a new recovery and separation process. The various perovskite-type oxide were synthesized with metallic platinum, palladium, rhodium at high temperature in air atmosphere. And the PGM contents in the perovskite-type oxide after the experiment are determined by chemical analysis. Some of them have the properties to absorb specific PGM oxide selectively. In addition, in order to increase the amount of absorption of PGM oxide and composition of the perovskite-type oxide experimental temperature was investigated. Then it is also found that doping another specific element to the perovskite-type oxide is effective to increase the amount of absorption of PGM oxide. Then a new recovery process of PGM from wasted automobile catalyst, in which PGM can be separate to each element, was designed.INTRODUCTIONA large amount of Platinum (Pt), Palladium (Pd), and Rhodium (Rh) are used in automobile catalysis (Figure 1) (Platinum, 2013). Natural supplies for these metals are limited and PGM mining can detrimental environmental impact. Therefore, the recycling of PGMs from wasted automobile catalysis is very important. The Rose process (Figure 2) was developed as a process to recover PGM from wasted automobile catalysis. In this process, the automobile catalysis is first crushed mechanically, and then extracting agent, copper (Cu), and flux are melted at high temperature. The mixture separates into a metal phase, (Cu alloy containing PGM) and slag. The PGM is enriched by oxidizing. Cu to Cu oxide. The PGM are then recovered and separated to each element in a wet process. However, it is hard to dissolve the PGM with acid because they are chemically stable and strong oxidation agent such as aqua regia is used. Moreover, to separate the PGM to each individual element, a solvent extraction process is required."

Jan 1, 2016