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By H. A. MEGRAW

THE meeting of the A. I. M. E. at Wilkes-Barre, Pa., Sept. 12 to 15, inclusive, celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of the Institute. It was at Wilkes-Barre, in 1871, that the foundation was laid for the great institution that now includes in its roster the greatest names. in mining engineering in every civilized country of the world. The founders of the Institute, with rare prescience, established a common ground upon which all mining engineers, whatever particular branch they might consider most pertinent, could stand securely, assured of a deep-seated interest from their brethren similarly minded in other localities. So wise and clear was the vision of the founders that every engineer connected with mining has found it beneficial, not to say indispensable, to maintain his connection with the Institute and to increase his technical enthusiasm through the medium of the valuable technical publications. The little coterie of 1871 has grown to a strong body of more than 10,000 members in 1921, reflecting the glory of the founders in the record of the accomplishments written on the pages of the fifty years of the

Jan 1, 1921

THE opening session was held on Tuesday evening, February 17th, in the house of the American Society of Civil Engineers. The President of the Institute, Mr. E. B. Coxe, after a few introductory remarks, congratulating the members on the general prosperity in all the branches of the professions and manufactures represented by the Institute, called on Mr. E. F. Loiseau, of Philadelphia, for the first paper, On the Successful Manufacture of Compressed Fuel at Port Richmond, Philadelphia. Professor Prime called attention to the fact that the work of the United States Testing Board had been left unfinished at a point when valuable results had just been reached, and offered the following resolutions: WHEREAS, The American Institute of Mining Engineers has seen with regret that the work of the United States Testing Board has been suspended through the lack of an appropriation by Congress, which appropriation dues not seem likely to be renewed, and WHEREAS, It seems most important to the vital interests of our iron and steel manufactures that the experiments commenced by the United States Testing Board should be carried to successful completion ; Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed, to act with a like, committee to he appointed by the American Society of Civil Engineers, to carry out to completion the work commenced by the United States Testing Board. Resolved, That the American Society of Civil Engineers be requested to cooperate with this society by the appointment of a like committee. Resolved, That the committee have authority to request, in the name of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, contributions to a fund to be devoted to the completion of the experiments aforesaid. Resolved, That the Council of this Institute be authorized, whenever requested by the committee so appointed, to petition Congress for the free use of the testing machine at the United States Arsenal at Watertown. Resolved, That a committee be appointed by the President, to select the afore-said committee of experts. Resolved, That the President of the Institute have authority to fill any vacancies which may occur in the committee. The resolutions were unanimously adopted, and President Coxe appointed the following committee in accordance with the resolutions : Messrs. A. L. Holley, James Park, Jr., and J. F. Holloway. The President also appointed Messrs. Heinrich, Mickley, and Spils-

Jan 1, 1880

Strain-Hardening Exponent of Cross-Rolled Beryllium Sheet by S. R. Maloff, Vol. 215, No. 5, page 872, was omitted from Table of Contents for the October issue. Stabilization Phenomena in Beta Phase Au-Cd Alloys by Howard Birnbaum, Vol. 215, No. 5, page 786. The figure denoted Fig. 1 should be Fig. 3, Fig. 3 should be Fig. 4 and Fig. 4 should be Fig. 1. The captions are in the proper sequence. Activity of Carbon in Liquid Iron Alloys by Tasuku Fuwa and John Chipman, Vol. 215, No. 4, page 708. First equation, right hand column, page 710 should read

Jan 1, 1960

Texture Transition in Ordered CuAu, by E. A. Starke, Jr., J. C. Ogle, and C. J. Sparks, Jr., Trans. TMS-AIME, 1969, vol. 245, pp. 169-70. pole figures should have had two parts not one. On the Estimation of Oxygen Absorption by Continuous Molten Metal Streams, by J. Szekely, Trans. TMS-AIME, 1969, vol. 245, pp. 341-44.

Jan 1, 1970

University of Alabama University, Alabama Mining and Metallurgical Society WILLIAM R. HIGGS, President ROBERT E. MEAD, Secretary J. R. CUDWORTH, Faculty Sponsor MILTON H. FIBS, Counselor University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona Miners' Society LEE BLESSING, President R. W. CORY, Secretary E. P. MATHEWSON, Faculty Sponsor B. R. HATCHER, Counselor University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles, California Student Chapter, A.I.M.E. ARCHER WARNE, President ROBERT JOHNSTON, Secretary E. K. SOPER, Faculty Sponsor EMILE HUGUENIN, Counselor Colorado School of Mines Golden, Colorado Student Chapter, A.I.M.E. J. Ross REED, President ANDREW PERRY, JR., Secretary J. BURNS READ, Faculty Sponsor A. W. NEWBERRY, Counselor

Jan 1, 1936

Jan 1, 1880

By H. O. Hofman

Jan 1, 1896

Jan 1, 1967

The Role of the Drilling Contractor BY FERRIS E. SAINSBURY Ron Haxby, Occidental Minerals What is the best method for drilling a 12-in. diam hole to a depth of 1200 ft and maintaining the deflection within 25ft from vertical? Ferris Sainsbury: In order to drill a 12-111. hole down to 1200 ft, In most places you would have to employ a rotary tricone bit With a down-the-hole hammer, I expect by that depth significant Inflows of water would be experienced Even with foams, we would not be able to get the water out of a hole of that diameter So the down-the-hole tricone method of drilling would be best. To keep it straight, we would probably employ the largest square drill stem compatible with the diameter of the hole. Ron Haxby: Is it common in drilling contracts to put in a vertical hole clause? Ferris Sainsbury: You can put in the vertical hole clause Ron Haxby: Does it cost more? Ferris Sainsbury: Normally, if the hole deviates, the driller can correct it with deflection wedges and will charge it back to you at cost, plus 10% or somewhere along that range Any drill hole has a tendency to go perpendicular to the dip, and there are times when stabilization systems are not successful in preventing the hole from turning into the dip of the formation. The only solution, in this situation, is to go in with an oriented wedge and kick the hole back out.

Jan 1, 1979

By D. B. Williams

The end of the war in Europe and the Pacific failed to curb the upward trend of production in Venezuela,- which easily surpassed that of any previous year. The total production for 1945 amounted- to 323,369, 430 bbl., which was 26 per cent over the total for 1944, the previous peak in the history of the oil industry of the country. This increase was caused mainly by the greater demand for petroleum in the last stages of the war; the fact that the danger from enemy submarines had been overcome, which allowed all oil companies to use increased shipping facilities, and the fact that more materials were available for drilling operations. However, the materials supplied were by no means adequate and considerable credit is reflected on the Venezuelan petroleum industry for the increased production obtained by utilizing all available equipment to its fullest extent.

Jan 1, 1946

Jan 1, 1968

Jan 1, 1965

By Christopher Haycocks, Lawrence P. Johnson, George M. Neall, James M. Townsend

No method of roof control yet devised has proven to be universally acceptable for the wide range of strata conditions experienced in U. S. coal mines. However, a relatively new innovation, the roof truss, has proven itself capable of preventing roof failures which both conventional and resin bolting could not. Presently, the economics of roof trusses are not favorable when compared to bolting due primarily to drilling and installation procedures, but this is expected to change with improved truss and equipment designs. To realize the full potential of this new method of roof control, design criteria are needed which can optimize the effect of the truss for varying strata conditions. A review of the literature reveals that some work has been conducted on the roof truss. Cambrell and Haynes1 (1970) showed that the roof truss is superior to angled roofbolts installed through a header. Sheorey, Verma, and Singh2 (1973) used statics to prove that the optimum angle of inclination should be greater than 45°. However, to date, no systematic attempt has been made to establish design criteria. In this paper, the problem was approached in three ways. First, model studies were performed to determine general trends of truss support as a function of a number of variables. This provided a better understanding of the support mechanism involved. Secondly, beam theory was employed to calculate the actual support capacity of a truss, realizing the many simplifications, assumptions, and shortcomings of this approach to such a complicated problem. Last, field testing will be utilized to test the hypotheses previously developed and provide hard data to further synthesize roof truss design criteria. Field testing has recently commenced and should be complete before mid 1977.

Jan 1, 1979

By B. D. Saklatwalla

FOR the proper understanding of the inclusion of certain elements in this review it seems necessary to state the meaning of "rare metals." Certain elements occur in deposits limited in extent or concentration, so that the extraction of the element in relation to market conditions becomes uneconomical. Others may occur in extensive and rich deposits but the reduction of the metal may be difficult and costly. Both these conditions effect the same result, namely, make the metal rare and costly. As an example of the first kind may be mentioned radium and of the second, calcium.

Jan 1, 1939

By H. O. HOPMAN

(Canal Zone Meeting, November, 1910.) I. INTRODUCTION. THE substance of this paper was prepared for the Seventh International Congress of Applied Chemistry, held in London, May, 1909, under the title, Some Developments in Blast-Roasting. In the absence of the author, a -short abstract of the paper was read, and the abstract only will appear in the proceedings of the congress. The present paper has been partly rewritten and considerably enlarged by information gained since the original was prepared ; also some illustrations have been added. Blast-roasting' is a generic term for the process of forcing air through finely-divided. metallic sulphide with the object of roasting and agglomerating in a single operation. At first the process was confined to a galena-concentrate ; lime, limestone, or gypsum was added, to serve both as a diluent to keep separate the particles of galena that they might be thoroughly oxidized, and as a flux that the partly-roasted ore might be agglomerated by the formation of some slag. Later it was extended to treat other metallic sulphides. The leading processes were the Huntington-Heberlein and the Savelsberg of Europe, and the Carmichael-Bradford of Australia. In the United States and Canada, the Huntington-Heberlein process has found application in some instances with galena-concentrates, for which it was originally intended; but this class of ore is not often treated alone, hence the process has had to be modified to suit conditions. The Savelsberg process has been transplanted to this country in about its original form. The Carmichael-Bradford is not used at present. The changes called for in the Huntington-Heberlein process to adapt it to the class of lead-bearing ores usually smelted have been the 1 A. S. Dwight, Engineering and Mining Journal, vol. lxxxv., No. 13, p. 649 (Mar. 28, 1908).

Jun 1, 1910

By J. B. Morrow

BITUMINOUS COAL production for 1937 up to Nov. 27, was 400,000,000 ions, an increase of 3.43 per cent over the comparative period in 1936. The in- crease in consumption, however, was not so great as the increase in production. Stocks of coal, mostly in the hands of consumers, on Nov. 1 were 57,000,000 tons, compared to 44,400,000 tons at the same periods in 1936. The prospects were that both production and consumption for December, 1937, would be lower than for the corresponding month of 1936. , Anthracite production for the period ending Nov. 20 was 43,900,000 tons, com- pared to 48,500,000 tons for the corresponding period in 1936, or a decrease of 9.5 per cent. Production of mechanically loaded coal in. 1936 was approximately 57,000,000 tons, an increase of 17.5 per cent over

Jan 1, 1938

By E. G. Dahlgren, Dan O. Howard

THE West Edmond oil field, which covers parts of Oklahoma, Canadian, Kingfisher, and Logan Counties in the State of Oklahoma, is in geographical extent the largest single oil field found in the state. At the present time, its area of 26,800 acres is almost twice as large as the Oklahoma City field, which hitherto was the state's largest field. Many authorities believe that the West Edmond field is the most important oil pool found in the United States since Pearl Harbor. The discovery of the field without the help of geological, geophysical, or other recognized technical information, the fact that the oil and gas accumulated in a stratigraphic or wedge-type trap, and the rapid development of the productive area under wartime conditions are some of the interesting features of the field. The West Edmond field lies west of the Oklahoma City, Britton, and Edmond fields. The field is in an area that has been considered on the west flank of the Granite Ridge line of folding, on which a number of Central Oklahoma's most important oil fields are located. Over a period of years, especially since the discovery of the new pools such as Oklahoma City, Edmond, Britton, and Crescent, the general area of the West Edmond field has been explored intensively by geological and geophysical methods. This led at times to the drilling of a few dry Wilcox sand tests.

Jan 1, 1945

By Graham Bright

T HE chairman of the Mines Committee of the A. 1: E. E. for 1920-21 has had the honor of being also the chairman of a similar committee, the Mine Equipment Committee, of the A. I. M. E. It has been the endeavor during the past year to have the two committees work together since the object of these committees is very much the same. A meeting of the committees was held in Chicago in November of 1920, at which time it was decided that one of the best ways to work together would be to foster joint meetings of the local sections of the A. I. E. E. and A. I. M. E. By these meetings, it was hoped that various engineers in the local sections interested in mining subjects could be brought together and not only become better acquainted but be greatly benefited by the interchange of ideas and by the discussion of papers presented on mining subjects.

Jan 1, 1921