Search Documents

By A. Gibson

Most methods for the treatment of scrap printed circuit boards do not reclaim the components in working order as the boards are either fed to a copper smelter, to recover the valuable elements, or, simply landfilled. This work reports the dissolution of the solder in fluoroboric acid containing Ti4+ ions which was particularly selective for solder, allowing the components to be recovered. The solder was subsequently electrowon from the leachant. The boards were then shredded and the copper dissolved in ammonium sulfate and, then treated via solvent extraction to give an electrolyte suitable for electrowinning. The remainder of the metals were dissolved aqua regia, silver remained unattacked by the aqua regia, palladium precipitated as Pd(NH4)Cl6 in the presence of zinc and nickel, the gold was removed by solvent extraction and precipitated as nanoparticles. The aqua regia was then diluted and the zinc and nickel separated by solvent extraction.

Jan 1, 2009

The district specially referred to in this paper comprises the very gently sloping country extending from the western shores of Port Phillip from the mouth of the Yarra to Footscray along the Bacchus Marsh railway to near that town thence in a southerly direction to the Little River, and along that river to the coast, 1 as may be seen on the accompanying map. Almost the whole of this area is covered by volcanic rocks, consisting of pumerous sheets of basalt, which have been poured out of various volcanic hills in the districts, such as Mts. Atkinson and Cotteril, near Melton; Mt. Maryand Bald Hill, 12 and 16 miles respectively N.W. of Werribee; and vents in different parts of the parishes of Tarneit, Mouyong, Mooradoranook, Pyweitjorrk, and Derrimut. These volcanoes were in an active state of eruption during a late period of the earth's historyprobably the late Pliocenll, or still younger Pleistocene.Occupying a narrow strip of country, for most of the distance along the coast from Williamstown to past the mouth of the Little River, there occur deposits of still younger age, belonging to the Recent period. These lie on the basalt, and extend for distances varying from a few chains to more than a mile back from the beach. They comprise superficial deposits of blown sand, and raised beaches, composed of marine sands...

Jan 1, 1902

THE method depends upon:--1. The position of the mill.2. The space available for stacking the residue.3. The nature of the residue as discharged from the mill.4. The value of the residue for re-treatment.5. The requirement of the residue for underground filling.Originally the conditions in this district varied mainly in the position of the mill, some mills having an elevated site with plenty of dumping space for the time being, whilst others had a flat site, and very little dumping space near at hand; but in most cases the residue discharged was in the form of filter-press cakes, suitable for conveying on belts, or in trucks, and stacking in a high clump; and, while a portion of the residue was used for underground filling, the dump was regarded as a valuable asset, to be re-treated later. Under these conditions, conveyor belts, electric trams, aerial trams, and hose trucks, all gave satisfactory results, and the following figures, taken from "'West Australian Metallurgical Practice," will show how these methods compared as regards costs...

Jan 1, 1909

A three?stages countercurrent fluidized bed prototipe reactor to neutralize the SO2from smelter gases has been developed. For gases with 8 vol-%SO2, at 800°C and for 4 h mean reaction time of the limestone, the capture of SO2 is 99%, with off gases with 0.07 vol-%. For 2 vol-%SO2, the total capture of SO2 can be obtained at 750°C and 4 h reaction time. The calcine obtained contain a blend of unreacted limestone and calcium sulphatewith minor amounts of residual lime.

Jan 1, 2006

By William B. Hughes

The rubber-sleeve core barrel was developed to improve core recovery from unconsolidated sands, where it is most difficult to obtain cores with conventional barrels. The use of a rubber-sleeve core retainer, together with other departures from clsual design, has required a considerable amount of testing to prove its op-erability. Tests run in shallow experimental holes and in drilling wells in the U. S. and Vemzuela have, to a large extent, proved the operation of the barrel. Internal mechanism troubles, such as sandbinding of the sleeve, have been largely overcome. Cores have been recovered from completely unconsolidated sands where conventional coring has almost been abandoned because of poor recovery. In addition to retaining the core until brought to the surface, the barrel gives a "packaged-ar-cut" core, which is coilverzient for handling and transportatiorz. In the initial work, drag blade cutters, roller cutters, and tungsten carbide insert cutters were usrd for cutting unconsolidated sands. Further bit head development is presently being conducted using diamond heads in unconsolidated sands where shaler, hard sands, and limestones are encountered in adjacent formations. Thir work should render the barrel capable of cratting and recovering most types of formations, possibly including broken and frac- tured fornlations. This development is being carried on in cooperation with a diamond bit manufacturer. INTRODUCTIO N For many years the oil industry has needed greater recovery of cores from unconsolidated formations. Conventional equipment has been used to core unconsolidated sands with little success. Specifically, a core barrel was needed which would recover unconsolidated sands in a condition that would give useful reservoir information. DEVELOPMENT OF 'THE RUBBER-SLEEVE CORE BARREL Basic Requirements of Unconsolidated Sand Corino The basic need was defined as a core barrel that would obtain a continuous unconsolidated core with sand grains in place as deposited in the formation. A preliminary survey of coring equipment and search of the literature pointed out the weaknesses of conventional core barrels. Laboratory tests using unconsolidated sand in a metal tube simulated actual sand movement into the core barrel during conventional coring. In conventional barrels the core sometimes crumbles and bridges, or fails under compressive column action, becomes oversize, and wedges against the walls of the inner barrel. The core barrel requirements established by the surveys and preliminary tests are as follows. 1. The core should be held to- gether as it is cut so it cannot crumble and bridge against the walls of the coring tool, care being taken not to permit damage from fluid circulation. 2. The core should be continuously supported as it is cut so it will not have to support itself in compression. 3. The core should be packaged in the barrel to retain an undisturbed condition during the trip out of the well. The packaging should be such that the core can be removed from the barrel and shipped to the core analysis laboratory without physical disturbance or alteration of fluid content by exposure to the atmosphere. Operation of the Rubber-Sleeve Core Barrel The rubber-sleeve core barrel (Fig. 1) meets the basic requirements for the recovery of unconsolidated sands.

By The Staff

THE object of the work was to increase the capacity of the plant and, if possible, to reduce costs of the actual unit grinding while doing so. The accompanying assays of an infra-sizer analysis of the cyanide tail (Table l) illustrate the problem in hand. The cyanide tail is a combination of two products, gangue and FeS2. The assay alters by virtue of a change in gold value due to grinding and the relative quantity of FeS2 in the sizes, which itself varies with the grind. The disposal tail is the residue after the cyanide tail is scavenged by flotation, most of the pyrite being removed for roasting. It presents a somewhat different problem, since grinding gangue is all gain, but -10 micron FeS2 does not float nearly as well as + 10 product. This results in compromise in the final size to be aimed at. Extra grinding has hardly any appreciable effect on the gold extraction from the FeS2. (See Milling Investigations Into the Ore as Occurring at the Lake Shore Mine; Trans. C.l.M.M., Vol. XXXIX, 1936).

Jan 1, 1940

By L. Bloomquist

This paper describes how Automated Mining Systems (AMS) is evolving the state-of-the-art in guidance systems for autonomous underground vehicles. The techniques, trade-offs, and lessons learned from these systems are described, including the safety regime that has been implemented. First generation autonomous guidance systems for underground vehicles relied on infrastructure for the vehicle to follow. However, there are additional costs associated with that approach. The current generation uses a pair of laser range finders as its only guidance sensors. This system uses a minimum of infrastructure, in the form of a redundant system of location referencing. Advanced steering and drive control algorithms are incorporated into this generation of system. The next generation of infrastructureless guidance systems will be based on a 3D vision sensor, which was originally developed for autonomous Mars rovers and is being adapted for underground mining use. Results of early underground field trials are presented, along with a description of this emerging technology.

Jan 1, 2004

By D FitzGerald, S Jakica, R Paterson, J Silic

A new 2.5D airborne electromagnetic (AEM) algorithm has been developed by Intrepid Geophysics and Jovan Silic & Associates. The advantage of 2.5D (2D geology, 3D source) AEM inversion in 3D geological mapping applications and identification of conductive drilling targets, compared to the more commonly used conductivity-depth imaging (CDI) transforms or 1D inversions, are demonstrated using examples from banded iron formations (BIFs) and other geological settings. We show emerging AEM systems are capable of providing estimates of economic rock unit thicknesses, dips and fault definition at an accuracy that mitigates the need for pattern drilling.The 2.5D inversion application used in this work and described in Silic et al (2015) is a substantially changed version of ArjunAir (Wilson, Raiche and Sugeng, 2006), a product of CSIRO/AMIRA project P223F. The changes include a new forward model algorithm and a new inversion solver. The application enables the accurate simulation of 3D source excitation for full domain models inclusive of topography, non-conforming boundaries and very high resistivity contrasts. Solution is accurate for a geoelectrical cross-section, which is relatively constant along a strike length that exceeds the AEM system footprint.The major innovation includes a new inversion solver with adaptive regularisation, which allows the incorporation of a misfit to the reference model and the model smoothness function.Memory usage has been dramatically reduced and is estimated prior to execution. For speed the software has been parallelised using Intel message passing interface (MPI) and can be used on standard computing hardware or computing clusters. Data from survey lines with lengths exceeding 100 km can be inverted on high end laptop computers.We allow flexibility in the selection of components and in the estimation of noise.AEM inversion examples are shown for surveys from BIFs, base metals (volcanogenic massive sulfides) and geological mapping projects and the results are compared with known geology and drilling. We demonstrate the much improved mapping and target definition delivered by this inversion method when compared with the other more common transforms or inversion methods used on these projects.CITATION:Paterson, R, Silic, J, FitzGerald, D and Jakica, S, 2017. High accuracy .D airborne electromagnetic inversion method for banded iron formation and other geological settings, in Proceedings Iron Ore 2017, pp 319–330 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Jul 24, 2017

The purpose of this paper is to cover in a general way the extent, geology, quality of product, working methods and trials of the coal mining industry. of New South Wales from 1946 to the present day, with particular reference to the Western field.It must be clearly understood that any opinions expressed are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Joint Coal Board.The extent of the Western coal field at the present stage of investigation may be said to be from a few miles east of Katoomha to a few miles north-west of the township of Ulan, the total distance being 150 miles.To the west of a line from the Western Highway from Lithgow through Wallerawang, PortIand, Tyldesley, Ben Bullen, Kandos and Rylstone, there are no signs of coal except for one or two outiiers in the neighbourhood of Portland. To the east of this line the coal-bearing areas extend to the seaboard approximately 80 miles to the east.GEOLOGY AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COAL SEAMSThe Western coal measures belong to the Upper or Newcastle series, which have been correlated with the Sciritheru or lllawarra, and the North-western or Gunnedah measures. Being close to the margin of the coal basin the Western measures have an average thickness of only 200 ft. to 500 ft., or approximately one-half of the maximum development of the Newcastle measures. They are underlain by Upper Marine beds which in turn rest directly on Devonian rocks.

Jan 1, 1954

By Eugene L. Grumer

High-expansion foam was applied to the flames of six fuels burning in a 1-foot-diameter tray. The flames of three hydrocarbon fuels were more readily extinguished than the flames of methanol, acetone, or unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine. The result is rationalized on the basis that heat transfer from flame to fuel surface is primarily radiative with the hydrocarbons and more largely convective with the nonhydrocarbons. INTRODUCTION Equipment for producing high-expansion foams has been developed by the Bureau of Mines to control coal mine fires.5 Recently such equipment has been redesigned for portability and has now been produced commercially for other fire-fighting applications. In May 1961, a 50-by 50-foot gasoline fire was extinguished within 2 minutes by a trailer-mounted foam unit that produced 12,000 cu.ft./min. of high-expansion (1,000:1) foam.6

Jan 1, 1962

By J. van Deventer

Testwork was done with two different adsorbents, Dowex-Minix gold-selective resin and activated carbon, to detemine their relative performances with regard to gold recovery from clarified low-grade solution employing a fixed-bed operation. The mill discharge from the milling-in-cyanide operation at a Witwatersrand gold mine was used as feed to the adsorption columns. A small amount of gold was leached during the milling process, so that this solution simulates, to a certain extent, a low-grade solution representative of a heap-leach operation. A speciation of the feed solution was done to establish which metal complexes were present in the milling-in-cyanide solution. This information was necessary to interpret metal loadings on the resin, as base metal cyanide species and their respective charges have an effect on the final gold loading capacity of the resin. Equilibrium isotherms were established for both adsorbents to estimate the rate of adsorbent flow anticipated for this specific feed solution. Breakthrough profiles were obtained at two different superficial linear velocities for each adsorbent. Mass transfer zone heights determined from the test work and the elution/regeneration time requirements were used to size a 150 m3/h full-scale plant for both adsorbents. A counter current configuration of adsorption columns, using three columns, should be suitable to recover gold effectively and to produce an effluent with a gold concentration below 0.01 mg/l. Based on the results obtained from the breakthrough tests, a preliminary techno-economic comparison was done between the resin-in-solution and carbon-in-solution options for the recovery of gold from low-grade solutions. This study indicated that the capital expenditure for a carbon-in-solution plant would be about 33 percent higher than that of a resin-in-solution plant. The operating expenditure for a resin-in-solution plant is expected to be only 60per cent of that for a carbon-in-solution plant. Keywords: resin-in-solution, carbon-in-solution, heap leach.

Jan 1, 2000

By I Lumsdaine

QNI Pty Ltd operates the Yabulu Refinery located 25 kilometres north of Townsville, North Queensland. The plant treats nickel laterite ores sourced from the Philippines, Indonesia and New Caledonia. The cobalt head grade and overall recovery expectations for the 2001/2002 financial year are 0.161 per cent and 53.8 per cent respectively. Cobalt is a valuable byproduct derived from the nickel refining operation which utilises the Caron Process. Any increases in cobalt recovery that are achieved from the existing relatively low level provide significant improvements to the bottom line of the operation. Towards the end of 2000, a project was undertaken to characterise cobalt losses with the sole purpose of improving cobalt recoveries using a variety of analysis techniques. The Time-of- Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS û University of South Australia) method was used to verify the presence of surface bearing cobalt species, originating from either co-precipitation or adsorption mechanisms. Cross-section examinations were also performed using Scanning Electron Micrscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDXS). These techniques indicated the presence of high cobalt concentrations (in the order of several per cent) within a select number of roasted and leached ore particles. The phenomenon of cobalt losses due to incomplete leaching within specific ore particles was not widely documented within the Refinery prior to these studies. In order to quantify losses via this mechanism, Mineral Liberation Analysis (MLA û JKTech Centre) was also performed on key samples. This paper serves to document a systematic approach in determining the source of significant valuable mineral losses in an established, operating plant. It discusses the use of a variety of analytical techniques, which have been adapted for the minerals processing industry, but are strongly relevant for plant investigations in the hydrometallurgical industry.

Jan 1, 2002

By Michael K. Phang

The use of explosives to fragment rock generates ground vibrations which may have a detrimental effect on contiguous underground coal mine openings. Increased surface blasting by a burgeoning number of surface coal mines and quarries has caused considerable concern among underground mine operators. Ground vibration effects generated from surface mine blasting are also causing public concern. In response to this concern, the U.S. Bureau of Mines (Stagg and Engler, 1980) has measured and analyzed ground vibrations and their effects on underground and surface structures. Some of the complaints registered against the mining industry are claims of substantial material damage from vibrations generated by the blasting; others are nuisance complaints of minor damage or annoyance. In general, allegations of damage from surface blasting have been sufficiently numerous to constitute a major problem for mine operators engaged in blasting operations. They have recognized the need for more technological data to evaluate the vibration problems associated with blasting. Both the operators and the general public need adequate safeguards based upon factual data to protect their specific interests. The coal mine industry needs reliable information from which to change blasting operations to reduce the number and severity of major damage claims and eliminate the growing number of nuisance complaints. The problem is of major concern not only to coal mine operators and nearby property owners, but also to federal, state and local governments. At the same time, environmental control agencies responsible for blasting and explosives use require reasonable and appropriate guidelines to protect the miners' lives.

Jan 1, 1984

By B. N. Hira

A multistoreyed residential complex was at the penultimate stage of construction by ONGC at Nazira, Assam. The site was situated at high earthquake zone. The subsoil was very weak and contained soft to medium clay with water table almost at the ground level. The bearing capacity of soil was quite poor particularly with predicted settlement beyond permissible limit. In this situation, the conventional shallow and deep foundations were found uneconomical and ground improvement with granular piles was considered as the viable solution. ONGC approached the Central Building Research Institute with the request to design granular piles along with R.C.C. foundation and other suitable cost effective measures. CBRI collected relevant geotechnical informations and supplimented the data by conducting field tests at site and laboratory tests at Roorkee. Rational design of 30 cm dia. and 5.00 meter deep granular piles were suggested with isolated and combined RCC footings over the reinforced soil. In addition to several structural and geotechnical advantages, the granular pile foundation provided considerable economy in the cost of construction. The paper presents the salient geotechnical and structural informations of the challenging project and provides the design details of the innovative granular pile-system. It also furnishes the design approach of the RC footings and other elements of the foundation.

Jan 1, 1996

It has been fairly firmly established (Fisher, N. H., 1945) that the fineness of the gold in any ore deposit varies with the depth from the surface at which the deposit was formed, and, as a corollary to this, that it is dependent upon the temperature and pressure at the time of deposition. This relationship is such that, under certain conditions, the gold fineness, taken into consideration with other recognised criteria, furnishes a very sensitive and reliable guide to the relative temperature of ore formation, at least within the epithermal and the upper part of the mesothermal range.Definition of Fineness.The fineness of gold is calculated in parts per thousand and refers to the proportion of gold present in the naturally occurring metal in the lode, which is actually a gold-silver alloy, containing usually about 10 parts per thousand of base metal and up to 500 parts perthousand of silver. A clear distinction should be made between fineness and gold-silver ratio. The latter refers to the total gold and silver in the lode as determined by assay and is usually expressed as the ratio Au:Ag. Only in deposits where other silver-bearingminerals are entirely absent, which occurs comparatively rarely, can the gold-silver ratio be used as a measure of gold fineness and, in many cases, the two have no relationship. For instance, in the Edie Creek area in New Guinea, the lodes formed under shallow epithermal conditions all carry gold 500 to 550 fine, although the gold-silver ratio ranges from 1:100 to 1:1, in places in adjacent lodes.Determination of Gold Fineness.The fineness of lode gold can be determined only after it has been separated from all other minerals. Amalgamation recovers gold fairly cleanly - unless native silver is present - and the fineness of amalgam bullion is generally a reliable indication of the correct fineness of the gold. If the use of plates is involved, the bullion may be adulterated, but the effect of any copper, or other metal, that may have been introduced can be cancelled by assuming that the gold and silver shouJrl add up to about 990 fine, or by ignoring the base metal content altogether, which varies little in naturally-occurring gold, and in calculating for comparison purposes all fineness figures to the basis Au + Ag = 1,000.The composition of bullion obtained from cyanidation is generally intermediate between the true gold fineness and the total gold-silver proportion as determined by assay of mine or mill-head samples of Cyanide solution dissolves other silver-bearing minerals and the fineness of the resulting bullion is thereby lowered. Consequently, the fineness of cyanide bullion rarely corresponds to the true gold fineness and is useless for diagnostic purposes, although it is a common fallacy to refer to the fineness of cyanide bullion as the fineness of the gold.

Jan 1, 1950

Open cast mining has been practiced in South Africa since the late1970s under near ideal geotechnical conditions. In the past decade, with the exhaustion of the traditional South African coal fields, geotechnical conditions have deteriorated. In addition, the nature of the open cast coal mining industry is changing from the conventional strip mining of virgin coal seams to the extraction of underground coal pillars by buffer blasted highwalls. These industry changes have resulted in the need to re-examine the manner in which geotechnical engineering is applied to highwall design. This paper proposes a geotechnical design rationale for open cast highwalls. Furthermore, the rationale takes cognizance of the various geotechnical hazards associated with conventional strip mining and pillar extraction by buffer blasted highwalls. The need to use geotechnical domain models and blasting geotechnics, as proactive tools for rock fall reduction, are also discussed.

Jan 1, 2001

"For effective steel refining in the ladle (secondary steelmaking) the amount of steelmaking slag that is transferred from primary steelmaking must be limited, because the steelmaking slag contains iron oxide, manganese oxide, and phosphorus oxide. Adverse effects of slag carry-over include increased consumption of deoxidizers, phosphorus pick-up by the steel, and increased ladle refractory wear. Infrared imaging at longer wavelengths is an effective non-contact method to detect slag in the tapping stream. Various devices are used to shut off the tapping stream rapidly. These include slag darts, pneumatic slag stoppers, and slide gates for steelmaking converters, and eccentric bottom tapping for electric arc furnaces. IntroductionOxygen converters and electric arc furnaces are used for primary steelmaking. For both process types, the product (liquid crude steel) has a similar composition: largely liquid iron, with around 800–1000 parts per million (ppm, by mass) dissolved oxygen and low but significant concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The steel is tapped into a ladle, which serves as the refining vessel to adjust the final steel composition and temperature before casting.Some steelmaking slag is inevitably tapped with the liquid steel. The mass of steelmaking slag tapped with the steel is termed ‘slag carry-over’. Controlling and limiting slag carry-over from steelmaking is a primary requirement for clean steel production (Fandrich, Lüngen, and Wuppermann, 2008). Steel cleanliness refers to limiting the concentrations of dissolved impurities (such as nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulphur) and of nonmetallic inclusions (oxides, sulphides, and nitrides) in liquid steel and in the final solid steel product. Of these, the strongest effect of slag carry-over is on the content of dissolved phosphorus in the liquid steel"

Jun 1, 2019

By K. Nasrallah

"The Dumont deposit is a large (1,179 Mt proven and probable reserve) low grade (0.27% nickel), nickel sulphide project located in the Abitibi region 25km west of Amos, Quebec. Royal Nickel Corporation acquired the project in 2007 and has since taken the project from a scoping study in 2010 through to completing the feasibility study in July 2013.The Dumont deposit in a nickel deposit with the recoverable nickel contained in three minerals; pentlandite, haezlewoodite and awaruite. The minerals are recovered by a combination of flotation and magnetic separation. Over the course of the studies many flowsheet design decisions and changes were made. This paper outlines an overview of the project, flowsheet design including the comminution circuit, desliming and awaruite recovery. The overall resulting flowsheet that was used for the feasibility study is then presented along with the confirmatory locked cycle testing that showed the feasibility design basis was able to produce the predicted concentrate grade and recovery.IntroductionRoyal Nickel Corporation (RNC) is a mineral resource company headquartered in Toronto, Canada, primarily focused on the exploration, evaluation, development and acquisition of base metal and platinum group metal properties. RNC's principal asset is the Dumont Nickel project (Dumont project) located in the established Abitibi mining camp, 25 km northwest of Amos, Quebec. RNC acquired a 100% interest in the Dumont property in 2007. The mineral claims covering the Dumont deposit are currently held 98% by RNC and 2% by Ressources Québec.The Dumont project is located in the province of Quebec in the municipalities of Launay and Trécesson approximately 25 km by road northwest of the city of Amos, 60 km northeast of the industrial and mining city of Rouyn-Noranda and 70 km northwest of the city of Val d’Or."

Jan 1, 2016

By V N. Rudashevsky, F Melcher, J Lodziak, D Klosa, N S. Rudashevsky, M Sitnikova, L Gast

A combination of novel and æclassicÆ methods, namely electric pulse disaggregation (EPD), hydroseparation (HS), preparation of monolayer polished sections, and mineral liberation analysis (MLA) was employed to study ores from platinum pipes (Bushveld Complex, South Africa), pristine PGE mineralisation of the Main Sulfide Zone (Great Dyke, Zimbabwe), as well as ancient and modern gold/PGM placer deposits. It is shown here that the EPD technique liberates mineral grains of interest without any visible destruction allowing the study and analysis of individual rock-forming and ore minerals, in our case especially platinum-group minerals. The HS method is an effective tool in concentrating heavy minerals by factors up to 10 000 fold. As near-total recovery of grains >10 ¦m is achieved, the nugget effect can be overcome also in case of limited availability of samples (drill core, museum specimens). The MLA technique is a fast tool to detect and characterise mineral phases in ores and ore processing products. Many mineralogical parameters of individual grains and mineral assemblages can be deducted and documented. The results show that the techniques employed, either on their own or in combination, provide a wide range of additional information especially on platinum ores which is beneficial to both the researcher and the metallurgist.

Jan 1, 2008

Underground Mine Drainage may be conveniently divided into two operations:(a) Collecting and transporting drainage water to the pump eastern.(b) Elevating water to the surfacc by pumping.This short paper describes a system which automatically performs operation "a" and which has been developed on the South mine at Broken Hill, under the supervision of the mine foreman, Mr. F. McDonell. Operation "a" does not come under the heading of "subsidiary mine" drainage.SUMMARY(1) All drainage waters are collected by gravity flow into sumps.(2) Automatic control boxes operate syphons which transfer water from level to level to pump cisterns or to feed water service.EQUIPMENTSyphon Control Boar - Constructed of 10 ft. x 2 ft. oregon timber, suitably bolted together and equipped with a Bailey's cistern valve, with copper ball float control, and 12 in. pipcs and fittings forming a syphon (Fig. 1). One of these boxes is placed on each level at the shaft.The valve and float are so arranged that when the float is up (ie, box full) the valve will be fully open, and when the float is down (ie, box empty) the valve is closed. The vertical range between the cxtreme positions can be altercd by lengthening orshortening the adjustable arm of the float. The ideal valve is one...

Jan 1, 1927