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By X. M. Prévost

The reassessment of coal reserves has become a matter of urgency and has come as a result of the present situation of the industry, in the context of globalized coal economies, as well as new mining legislation and the advantages and difficulties of domestic coal suppliers. The de Jager report concerning coal reserves, released twenty years ago, can no longer be used as an estimate for accurately forecasting South Africa’s future coal production. The new reserve and resource study will promote the diversification of energy sources and provide a clearer view of the future of coal mining in the country. With plans to increase South Africa’s coal export capacity to approximately 84 million tons by 2005, it is uncertain whether the country really has sufficient reserves to meet this expansion, as well as satisfy the projected increase in inland demand. The face of South Africa’s coal industry and by association, the economy of our coal-dependent country, are both set to change. This is mainly due to factors such as the demise of most of the large collieries over the last approximately twenty years, growing numbers of economic empowerment producers, the emergence of strong competition in the export market, the dawn of Clean Coal Technologies (CCTs) and the Kyoto Protocol The paper will attempt to dispel some of the current myths about coalfields and reserves and highlight potential areas of high quality coal reserves, available mainly to new entrants in the industry. Keywords: Central Basin, Clean coal technologies, Coal combustion, Coal exports, Coalfields, coalLink, Coal reserves, Coal resources, Coal processing, Colliery, Economic empowerment, Discards, Fluidized bed combustion, Low-ash coal, Metallurgical coal, Power generation, Pulverized fuel, Reserve blocks, Richards Bay Coal Terminal, Run-of-mine production, Saleable production, SAMREC Code, South Dunes Coal Terminal, Steam coal, Synthetic fuels.

Jan 1, 2003

By D. Chetty

Process mineralogy forms an integral part of geometallurgy, with ore body characterisation being but one piece of the puzzle in optimising value derived from ore. This value is not only financial, but importantly speaks to sustainability from environmental and social standpoints. The reactive approach of traditional process mineralogy is increasingly being replaced by predictive methods in the geometallurgical sphere, for which mineralogical information must be timeously acquired on judiciously selected sample sets to understand ore variability and its impact on orebody processing. Such processes are not only metallurgical, but must incorporate mining and waste management protocols. Dwindling resources like water and energy also demand innovative approaches for lowering consumption and/or promoting recycling along the value chain. Addressing such challenges relies on appropriate characterisation of ore behaviour under different process regimes. Coupled with this, emerging characterisation tools are increasingly applied to understand the mineralogy of unconventionallypresented and difficult-to-process ores to meet societal and technology demands. Such tools are often accompanied by the generation of large, computationally intensive datasets, for which data management and storage are key requirements, particularly when deciphering temporal trends in ore and process variability. This paper will elaborate on these themes with examples that highlight the importance of process mineralogy throughout the minerals value chain. Keywords: Process mineralogy, ore characterisation, geometallurgy

Jan 1, 2020

By P. M. Mashaba, S. O. Bada

An advanced high internal phase water-in-oil (HIP W/O) emulsion binder and flotation with an internal dispersed water phase of 95 vol% was used to beneficiate South African weathered coal from discard dumps. Five coal samples with calorific values ranged from 8.48 MJ/kg to 20.94 MJ/kg were utilized. The performance of the HIP W/O emulsion was compared to that of kerosene in terms of the physicochemical properties of the clean coal products. A 5 kg/t emulsion binder addition produced a high-quality coal concentrate with 11.76% ash and a heating value of 28.61 MJ/kg from a sample containing 29.34% ash. Using the same dose and coal sample, kerosene resulted in a clean coal concentrate with 17.47% ash and a calorific value of 26.42 MJ/kg. Further samples were also beneficiated using 5 kg/t of W/O emulsion. The highest increase in calorific value was achieved from the beneficiation of a sample containing 48.71% ash, from 8.48 MJ/kg to 18.16 MJ/kg. It has been established that emulsion binders can upgrade coal samples dumped many decades ago.

Aug 2, 2022

By X. B. Zhao, J. G. Cai

When stress wave propagates through fractured rock masses, the wave will be slowed and attenuated due to the presence of these fractures. If the amplitude of stress wave is large enough to mobilize nonlinear deformation of these fractures, they will present different effects on one-dimensional P-wave propagation compared with those of linear deformational fractures. The static BB model is adopted to describe the nonlinear deformational behavior. Method of characteristics combined with displacement discontinuity theory is used to build analytical solutions of wave particle velocities and wave stresses. These equations are numerically solved with sufficient accuracy.

Jan 1, 2003

By G. Wu, S. Liu

In view of the singleness of traditional methods about international petroleum (Brant) price forecast, ten main factors that affect international petroleum price are fully analysed. Based on time series method and multivariate linear regression method, the simulation model with the theory and idea of system simulation is firstly established. And this forecasting system realizes visual operation under the environment of MATLAB/SIMULINK. So this article tries a new way for further exploring petroleum price’s running law and guiding its forecasting practice. Keywords: Petroleum price forecast, system simulation, residual error, physical flows information flows

Jan 1, 2003

By Siyabonga Malevu

Chemical Initiatives? Umbogintwini plant is the production facility of Chemical Initiatives? business. Umbogintwini?s J Plant manufactures sulphuric acid. The plant was designed and built by Simon Carves, and was commissioned in 1974. The plant was designed to produce 500 tons/day of Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) at maximum rates. The Sulphuric acid manufacturing is through the famous contact process whereby liquid Sulphur is injected through dried air in a burner operating at 1000 °C to form sulphur dioxide (10.5% SO2). The SO2 gas is then cooled in waste heat boiler no. 1 before being fed to a four pass converter which provides 99.5% SO2 conversion to sulphur trioxide (SO3). The SO3 gas is the absorbed by 98.5% H2SO4 through the inter-pass & final tower to make more concentrated acid and dilute it with water back to 98.5% H2SO4 in acid pump tanks and dispatched to storage tanks. The manufactured Sulphuric acid is supplied to a variety of industrial manufacturing customers includes Pulp & Paper industry, Mining industry, Chemical manufacturing industry etc.

Jan 1, 2009

By Siyabonga Malevu

Chemical Initiatives? Umbogintwini plant is the production facility of Chemical Initiatives? business. Umbogintwini?s J Plant manufactures sulphuric acid. The plant was designed and built by Simon Carves, and was commissioned in 1974. The plant was designed to produce 500 tons/day of Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) at maximum rates. The Sulphuric acid manufacturing is through the famous contact process whereby liquid Sulphur is injected through dried air in a burner operating at 1000 °C to form sulphur dioxide (10.5% SO2). The SO2 gas is then cooled in waste heat boiler no.1 before being fed to a four pass converter which provides 99.5% SO2 conversion to sulphur trioxide (SO3). The SO3 gas is the absorbed by 98.5% H2SO4 through the inter-pass & final tower to make more concentrated acid and dilute it with water back to 98.5% H2SO4 in acid pump tanks and dispatched to storage tanks. The manufactured Sulphuric acid is supplied to a variety of industrial manufacturing customers includes Pulp & Paper industry, Mining industry, Chemical manufacturing industry etc. During the 1st quarter of the year 2007, Chemical Initiatives undertook a study to up rate the sulphuric acid plant output by 10% (i.e. from 500 tpd to 550 tpd).

Jan 1, 2009

By C. A. F. Sweet

The inter-relationship between these parties and the effect on the outcome of the project is often grossly underestimated. There are numerous success stories where the parties have worked as complementary teams aiming at the best outcome for the client company and achieving significant success. While there are a good number of occurrences where either the roles of the parties were unclear or perceived to be different from what others in the team believed or required them to be and the results were less than desired. This usually resulted in ongoing conflict, incorrect focus, working to different agendas and the result being a less than optimum result to Client Company. Mining, by its very nature of exploring where you cannot see, be it a shaft being sunk, tunnel being developed or other excavation that needs to be made, requires a very special working relationship between the parties. To understand this, and it applies equally well to mine and plant construction and other multiple function projects, one needs to start by describing the relationship of the parties. Often people believe that because they manage ongoing complex operations and large numbers of people that they can manage projects and as such the participants will ?fall into line.? At the outset it needs to be stressed that ?Project Management? is a specific type of management and needs to be understood as such. There are enough Colleges and Universities that teach project management, not only as a subject but also as a Master Degree. As you start up your project the relationship you establish between the client, project team (C.P.T) and the Engineering, Procurement, Construction and Management team (EPCM) will largely determine how successful your project will be. It is essential that from the outset a spirit of co-operation, support and respect be nurtured, and that it be actively carried through the project life cycle. There are several methods to facilitate this including team building exercises right at the start. This time and money will be well spent and recouped many times over during the project life cycle.

Jan 1, 2005

By R. Armstrong

The stability of rock slopes is significantly influenced by their curvature in plan view. The importance of this in open pit mining is indicated by the fact that, in a deep pit, steepening of the slopes by 1° may save as much as $100 million. It is considered that there are two significant factors that play a part in the influence of plan curvature. These two factors are the effect of stress, and the effect of geological structure. The scant literature that pertains to this aspect of rock slope design was reviewed. The geometrical influence of the plan curvature was then investigated. It was seen that it has a parabolic effect on the maximum possible wedge that can fail into a circular pit, where the tighter the concave curvature the smaller the wedge. The plan curvature also affects the volume of a particular wedge, where concave slopes result in an exponential decrease in the volumes and convex slopes have exponentially increased wedge volumes. A change in the strike of the wedge did not affect the curvature’s influence on the volume, but the volumes of shallower dipping wedges were affected more by the influence of the plan curvature. La stabilité des talus des roches est très influence par la courbure de celles ci dans la vue en plan.Son importance de l peut arriver à sauver même $100 millions. Il est considère qu il y a deux facteurs importants qui jouent une influence sur cette courbure. Il s’agit de l’effet des contraintes et l’effet de la structure géologique. La brève littérature qui se réfère à cet aspect du conception sur le talus des roches a été revue. L’influence géométrique de la courbure des plans a été investiguée. Il a été vu que cela un effet parabolique sur la bosse ou le su relèvement maximum possible qui peut faillir dans un puits circulaire, ou le plus resserre est la courbure concave, le plus petit est su relèvement (bosse). La courbure plane aussi affecte le volume d’un particulier su relèvement ou les talus concaves résultent dans une décroissance exponentielle en volume alors que les talus convexes accroissent la volume de ces su relèvements (bosse). Le changement de l’orientation de la bosse (su relèvement) perpendiculairement ou obliquement n’ a par affecte l’influence de al courbure sur le volume mais les volumes des bosse (su relèvement) peu profonds étaient affectes par la courbure des plans. Die Stabilität der Felsensteigungen wird erheblich durch ihre Biegung im Plan beeinflußt. Der Wert von diesem in der Tagebaugrube wird durch die diese Tatsache, in einer tiefen Grube, steepening der Steigungen durch 1° angezeigt; kann soviel wie $100 Million speichern. Es wird betrachtet, daß es zwei bedeutende Faktoren gibt, die eine Rolle im Einfluß der Planbiegung spielen. Diese zwei Faktoren sind der Effekt des Druckes und der Effekt der geologischen Struktur. Die dürftige Literatur, die diesen Aspekt des Felsensteigungdesigns betrifft, wurde wiederholt. Der geometrische Einfluß der Planbiegung wurde dann nachgeforscht. Es wurde gesehen, daß es einen Parabolischen Effekt auf dem maximalen möglichen Keil hat, der in eine kreisförmige Grube ausfallen kann, wo, das fester die konkave Biegung, das kleiner der Keil. Die Planbiegung beeinflußt auch das Volumen eines bestimmten Keils, in dem konkave Steigungen eine exponentiale Abnahme an den Volumen ergeben und konvexe Steigungen exponential Keilvolumen erhöht haben. Eine Änderung im Schlag des Keils beeinflußte nicht den Einfluß der Biegung auf das Volumen, aber den Volu

Jan 1, 2003

By I. Hague

Support liners for underground applications include steel and timber sets, meshing and lacing, screen/mesh, shotcrete and thin support liners (superskins). Over the past few years, major advances have been made in the design and application of liners; especially shotcrete and thin support liners. For shotcrete in mines these advances include the common use of slick-lines to solve logistics problems, the design of alkali free accelerators, the use of synthetic fibres and the new generation application equipment. The field of thin support liners is a new one but advances have been dramatic. This paper discusses the progress made and the need for standardization in definitions and testing for thin support liners. It concludes that the newer technologies have a huge potential positive impact on the industries, from both safety and cost points of view. Le chemisage de soutènement pour extraction souterraine comprend des cadres d’acier ou de boisage, mailles et chapeau, cribles/mailles, béton projeté et des chemisages minces de soutènement (super-peaux). Dans les dernières années, des progrès considérables ont été fait dans la conception et application des chemisages, en particulier les chemisages de soutènement en béton projeté et les chemisages minces. Pour le béton projeté dans les mines, ces progrès comprennent l’utilisation courante de lignes de minerais broyés fin pour résoudre des problèmes de logistique, la création d’accélérateurs sans alcali, l’usage de fibres synthétiques et d’une nouvelle génération d’outillage. Le domaine des chemisages minces de soutènement est très récent mais les progrès ont été rapides. Cette étude présente les progrès accomplis et discute du besoin de standardisation dans les définitions et les tests pour chemisages minces de soutènement. La conclusion est que les technologies nouvelles présentent un énorme impact potentiel positif sur les industries, du point de vue à la fois de la sécurité et de la rentabilité. Unterstützungsverkleidungen für Untertaganwendungen inkludieren Flecht und Seilwerk, Gitter/Geflecht, Spritzbeton und dünne Unterstützungsverkleidungen (superskins). Während der letzten Jahre wurden grosse Fortschritte im Design und in der Anwendung der Verkleidungen gemacht; besonders bei Spritzbeton und dünnen Unterstützungsverkleidungen. In Bezug auf Spritzbeton in den Gruben schließen diese Fortschritte den allgemeinen Gebrauch von Rutschbahnen ein um Logistikprobleme zu lösen, das Design von alkalifreien Akzeleratoren, den Gebrauch von synthetischen Fasern und die neue Generation von Anwendungsausrüstung. Der Bereich der dünnen Unterstützungsverkleidungen ist neu, aber die Fortschritte sind drastisch gewesen. Diese Arbeit behandelt den erzielten Fortschritt, die Notwendigkeit der Normierung in den Definitionen und in der Prüfung dünner Unterstützungsverkleidungen. Sie kommt zum Schluß, daß die neueren Technologien, sowohl vom Gesichtspunkt der Sicherheit als auch der Kosten, eine sehr große potentielle positive Auswirkung auf die Industrien haben.

Jan 1, 2003

By Q. X. Yun

This paper provides a new approach to optimize the production planning in underground mines by means of evolutionary algorithms. Firstly, genetic algorithm is used to reach the global optimization in planning. Then, evolutionary programming is employed to obtain the partial optimization for each year. The application proves that the new approach is reasonable and useful. Keywords: Evolutionary algorithm, Genetic algorithm, Evolutionary programming, Optimization, Mining engineering.

Jan 1, 2003

Professor R.P. King holds a Ph.D. degree in chemical engineering, which he obtained at the University of Manchester in 1963. After that he lectured in the Departments of Chemical Engineering at the Universities of the Witwatersrand and Natal. From 1968 to 1973, he was Leader of the Chemical Engineering Research Group of the National Institute for Metallurgy at the latter University. Mr C.E. Fivaz, Pr. Eng., is Chief Consulting Metallurgist of Rand Mines (Mining & Services) Limited, and is responsible for the metallurgical activities of the Gold and Uranium Division and the Coal and Base Minerals Division of the Group.

Jan 1, 1984

By W. V. Mutler

Present day capital costs are analyzed for a 2,000 metric tonne per day (MTPD) pyrite burning plant and compared with a sulphur burning plant of the same capacity. Power, raw material and steam production rates are then compared for the two facility types. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to highlight the impact changing sulphur, pyrite, capital and operating costs have on the relative economics of these feeds. Technological improvement effects on capital cost and energy recovery are also discussed. Besides the steam produced from the burning of pure sulphur or pyrite, plants using an advanced form of heat recovery can produce up to 10 bar steam using heat from acid formation. The quantity depends on the overall water balance which is influenced by such factors as gas strength and product acid concentration. Modern materials and innovative process design also improve the ability to increase the high pressure steam from the roaster boiler in pyrite plants above the traditional 1.25 kg of superheated steam per kg of acid produced.

Jan 1, 2009

By W. Zhu

ABSTRACT: This paper presents further developments of the principle of Construction Process Mechanics of rockmasses, The principle of loading variations analyses in space-time is systematically described. To demonstrate the applicability of the theory and method, the effect of the construction process of two practical engineering cases are analysed. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Das Mechaniksprinzip vom Konstruktionsprozess des Massenfels wird in diesem Aufsatz weiter Entwickelt.. Das Prinzip von Variationsladungsanalyse mit dem Zeit-Raumseffekt wird systematisch erklaert. Um die Anwendungsmoeglichkeit der Theorie und der Methode zu anschaulich darstellen, das Mechanikseffekt des Konstruktionsprozess wird fuer zwei praktische Anwendungsbeispielen zergliedert. : RESUME: Dans ce papier le development se fait pour principles de la mechanique de process de construction . Le principle de variable analyse considerant effet de temps et de Space est present ´e . Pour demonstrer l´appilicabilite de le theorie et la methode , l´èffect de processe de construction pour ce deax examples sont analysés .

Jan 1, 2003

By A. Fahimifar, H. Soroush

Abstract: Triaxial tests were conducted on the schist specimens with various anisotropic angles under confining pressures of 0, 7 and 15 MPa, and axial stress-axial strains, were measured and plotted for various conditions. The results obtained reveal the effects of schistose on the strength and deformability of the rock very clearly. Peak strength of the specimens for 00 and 900 schistose orientations are nearly the same. Modulus of elasticity of this rock varies with anisotropic angle. For 0 orientation modulus of elasticity increases to a maximum. Confining pressure increases the peak strength and improves the rock deformability. However, this effect is not the same for various orientations, and there are no similar trends for each anisotropy direction. Analysis of the results shows that consideration of a linear failure criterion such as Mohr-Coulomb is appropriate for the prediction of rock behaviour up to 10 MPa, rather than a non-linear one. The analysis also reveals that the friction angle and cohesion are affected by the anisotropy orientation, and this effect is more important for the cohesion than the friction angles. Resume: Les esseys triaxiales sur les echantillon d un roch schist avec les differents angles non-isotrop sous les tension lateral zero et sept et qoinze mega pascal (mpa) est fait et les covtraite et allongment unitaire sont mesure et leur curues est destine sous different condition les resultats obtenues montre les effets du schistosite sur le resistance et le ductilite vissiblement. Le resistance final sur les echantilions pour les angles o degre et 90 degree est equivalent. Le modoule d elasticite de ce roch sera difere par a port de l angle de stratification. Pour l angle o degree le valeur de modoule est le maximum. le pousse lateral augmenterai le resitance final, et sera amilterai le toleran le de ductilite. Mais cette effet bn est pas unigue pour les different stratification, et pour les diferents directions no– isotrop it n y a pas le meme solution. L analyse des resulitats montre que le criterre de ruin comme mohr–colomb est moderate pour le pousse lateral jusq av lo mega pascal , et ce n est pas neccesaire d utiliser de criterre no–linear . Cette analyse aussi montre que l angle de frottement et cohsion est en relation de la direction no–isotrop, et cette effet est olus important pour le cohsion par a port de l angle de frottement . Abriß : Dreiachsige Prüfung wurde auf den schist Exemplaren mit verschiedenen anisotropic Winkeln unter Bestätigen von Drücken von 0.7 und 15 MPa geleitet, und axiale Spannung axiale Spannungen, wurden gemessen und für verschiedene Bedingungen wurde geplant. Die Ergebnisse haben die Wirkungen von schisocity auf der Kraft und dem deformability des Felsen sehr deutlich erhalten offenbart. Maximale Kraft der Exemplare für 0° und 90 sind° schistos Orientierungen beinahe das gleiche. Modulus der Elastizität von diesem Felsen ändert sich mit anisotropic Winkel. Für 0° vermehrt Orientierung modulus der Elastizität zu einem Maximum. Einschränkender Druck vermehrt die maximale Kraft und verbessert den Felsen deformability. Aber ist diese Wirkung nicht das gleiche für verschiedene Orientierungen, und es gibt keine ähnlichen Tendenzen für jede anisotropic Richtung. Analyse der Ergebnisse zeigt jener Überlegung Kriterium eines linearen Ausfalls wie zum Beispiel Mohr Coulomb passend für die Voraussage von Felsen Verhalten bis zu 10 MPa, anstatt eines nicht linear ist. Die Analyse offenbart auch, daß der Reibung Winkel und Bindekraft werden beeinflußt von der anisotropic Orientierung, und diese Wirkung wichtiger für die Bindekraft ist, als der Reibung Winkel

Jan 1, 2003

By S. J. Thomas, P. A. Lilly, J. A. L. Napier

An industry research project has been established to examine the issue of rock mass failure in large open pit slopes. The approach began with numerically modelling failure at the laboratory scale with a displacement discontinuity program. The interim results from the program suggest the output failure mode is dependent upon the input parameter cohesion weakening. Es wurde ein Forschungsproject mit unterstützung von Bergbauindustrie bearbeitet. Die Zielsetzung der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Analysierung des Böschungsgefähr im größen Festgesteinstagebauen. Das Verfahren besteht aus der numerischer Modelierung mit Ansatz einen sonderen Rechnerprogram. Die erste Ergebnis zeigt, daß die Aufgabe am Angabendaten (cohesion) abhängig sein wird. Un project de recherche industriel fût conduit avec le but d’examiner les éboulements de roche dans les mines a ciel ouvert. La premiere étape a été de modelliser numériquement les éboulements dans un laboratoire en utilisant un programme de déplacement discontinu. Les resultants préliminaires du programme indiquent que la prédiction des ébouliements est directement reliée à la magnitude de la cohesion.

Jan 1, 2003

By W. V. Mutler

Present day capital costs are analyzed for a 2,000 metric tonne per day (MTPD) pyrite burning plant and compared with a sulphur burning plant of the same capacity. Power, raw material and steam production rates are then compared for the two facility types. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to highlight the impact changing sulphur, pyrite, capital and operating costs have on the relative economics of these feeds. Technological improvement effects on capital cost and energy recovery are also discussed. Besides the steam produced from the burning of pure sulphur or pyrite, plants using an advanced form of heat recovery can produce up to 10 bar steam using heat from acid formation. The quantity depends on the overall water balance which is influenced by such factors as gas strength and product acid concentration. Modern materials and innovative process design also improve the ability to increase the high pressure steam from the roaster boiler in pyrite plants above the traditional 1.25 kg of superheated steam per kg of acid produced.

Jan 1, 2009

The Steering Committee for Minerals and Mining Policy convened two workshops during March 1996 to address the following topics: Business Environment- National and Provincial Powers, Administration and Regulation, Mineral Marketing, Beneficiation, Research and Development, Environmental Issues, Mining Impact on Surface Usage, Southern Africa Regional Issues. Human Resources: Elementary Residual Racism, Housing, Downscaling, Migrant Labour and Human Resource Development. Mineral Tenure: Mineral Rights, System of Access to Mineral Rights, Access to Exploration information, optimal Exploration, Trust Lands. Small-scale Mining. Development of Small-scale Mining, Artisanal Mining.

Jan 1, 1996

By A. R. Leach

Anomalous mining conditions can be described where the level of hazard is increased relative to normal conditions within a mining area. Normal conditions would be those defined as a Ground Control District in a mine’s code of practice, and for which mine standard support layouts are generally developed. It has been found that up to 80% of fall of ground accidents occur where anomalous mining conditions exists, typically in the vicinity of geological weaknesses. These areas require specific attention to ensure they are readily anticipated and identified and that appropriate strategies are used to reduce the hazards associated with them. As part of SIMRAC project GAP 607 checklists to aid identification and best practice mining methods were identified for a range of geotechnically anomalous conditions.

Jan 1, 2003

By K. Sugawara, Y. Hirakawa, A. Sato

The rock mass properties such as deformability and permeability are highly dependent on the existence of cracks. The Ratio of Crack Opening Dependency (RCOD) was proposed as a new index to evaluate the deformability of infinite jointed rock mass. The RCOD is defined as the ratio of total amount of crack opening and the total deformation of jointed rock mass. The theoretical relation between the RCOD and the effective compliance of jointed rock mass is discussed and confirmed through two-dimensional numerical analysis by the SC-DDM, together with the applicability to the rock engineering. Les propriétés de masse rocheuse telles que la déformabilité et la perméabilité sont très dépendantes de l'existence de fissures. Le rapport de dépendance d'ouverture des fissures a été proposé comme un nouvel index d'évaluation de la déformabilité de masse rocheuse à assemblage infini. Le rapport de dépendance d'ouverture des fissures est défini comme étant le pourcentage de quantité totale d'ouverture des fissures et de déformation totale de la masse rocheuse assemblée. Le rapport théorique entre le rapport de dépendance d'ouverture des fissures et la compliance efficace de masse rocheuse assemblée sont traités et confirmés au travers d'une analyse numérique à deux dimensions par SC-DDM en même temps que l'applicabilité à l'ingénierie des roches. Die Felsmasseneigenschaften wie Verformbarkeit und Durchlässigkeit sind hochgradig abhängig von dem Vorhandensein von Rissen. Das Verhältnis der Riss-Öffnungsabhängigkeit (RCOD) wurde als neuer Index der Verformbargkeit von infinit zerklüfteter Felsmasse vorgeschlagen. Der RCOD wird als Verhältnis der Gesamtmenge der Rissöffnungen und der Gesamtverformung der zerklüfteten Felsmasse definiert. Die theoretische Beziehung zwischen RCOD und der effektiven Verformbarkeit von zerklüfteter Felsmasse wird diskutiert und durch zweidimensionale numerische Analyse mit SC-DDM bestätigt, zusammen mit der Anwendbarkeit auf Bergbautechnik.

Jan 1, 2003