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By E. H. BURROUCHS

This bulletin is the third of the series of yearly petroleum bibliographies being published by the Bureau of Mines. The two preceding, Bulletin 149 and Bulletin 165, were for the years 1915 and 1916, respectively. In arranging the references the same general scheme has been followed, but as in those bulletins, several changes and additions have been made in the classifica.tion, the more important being in the classes " Development and production " and "Refining and refineries." German periodicals for 1917 were not procurable and references to articles in those and in other foreign journals that were not available have been credited to the sources from which they were procured.

Jan 1, 1920

By J. Ritchey

This report describes the engineering feasibility and economic advantages of using a mobile bridge-type cross-pit belt conveyor system in conjunction with a large dragline to excavate and transport spoils in a typical Western surface coal mine. The studies show that such a system could be built to survive operational and climatic mining conditions, and that its implementation would offer a reduction in both acquisition and operating costs versus conventional mining units of comparable capacity. Reclamation costs can also be significantly reduced, and the total reclamation process accelerated, making the cross-pit conveyor system attractive to mine owners and environmentalists alike.

Jan 1, 1976

By Homor N. McDonald, G. Dale Coe, Will H. Coghill

"INTRODUCTION Sporadic beneficiation tests have been made on the Birmingham (Ala.) red iron ores for the last 55 years. Now, gravity-concentration plants are in operation, of tables are in use. A major problem, as seen by the present writers, is to obtain a coarser concentrate and add to the recovery without increasing the quantity of slime. The oily practicable solution found so far is to recover, by means of concentration (hydraulic) classifiers, the coarse concentrate normally lost in the table middling and, by a similar method, to recover middling particles from the table tailings The size and shape of the coarse concentrate Particles combine to cause them to report in the table middling rather than in the table concentrate. Similarly, mineral is lost in the tailing. Because of this, the nature of the ore, the deportment jerking table, plant tests on classifiers and tables, and the suitability of small concentration classifiers to treat table zonal middlings are discussed herein.The work was done by the Southern Experiment Station, Bureau of Mines, in cooperation with the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Ala."

Jan 1, 1935

By Arnold O. Tanner

The recession that took hold of the domes-tic mining industry in 1981-82 finally abated somewhat in 1987, resulting from increases in many commodity prices, especially in the metals sector, and from continuing success in lowering operating costs. By no means was the work finished; the mining industry was in a sense entering a new era. The struggle for survival was still very evident for many companies and various commodities, but increasing productivity and profits were accompanied by indications that these trends were more long term than short term. Raw nonfuel minerals produced in the United States during 1987 had an estimated value of $26.3 billion, an increase of $2.9 billion over the 1986 value. This is the fifth consecutive year that the value has increased. Except for a decrease in 1982, the value each year has increased since 1971, or 15 of 16 years. The value of raw metals production increased by an estimated 28%, an impressive improvement since the drastic fall in 1982. Industrial minerals growth was comparatively flat, with an estimated in-crease in value of 0.1 %, continuing a trend of the previous 2 years. Metal mine production dropped considerably in 1982 and maintained its resultant lower level until 1987, when production significantly recovered.

Jan 1, 1989

By J. C. Dumbrille

The following account of wining practices of the Kirkland Late Gold twining Co., (Ltd.), at Kirkland Lake, Ontario, is one of 4 series of papers being prepared by the United States Bureau of Mines on mining practices, methods, sad costs in various districts. The author has prepared this paper with the help and permission of J. B. Tyrrell and W. M. Sixt, the managing director and the mine manager, respectively. This mine is operating at a daily rate of about 150 tons.

Jan 1, 1931

By Michael Radnor

The purpose of the study was to 1) examine the social and economic impacts of surface mine blasting in relation to variations in conditions of terrain and geology, population density and type, levels of ground motion and air blast; 2) consider technical, legal and government policy issues; and 3) examine the potential, nature and extent of surface mine blasting impacts and its regulations upon both communities and surface mining companies. Phase One designed the empirical research and technical analyses of Phase Two, focused upon surface coal mining and quarrying in the Eastern U.S. Several broad conclusions are evident: 1) blasting is not the major issue for communities or surface mine companies; 2) while the number of instances of severe cracking or annoyance are relatively small, the impact can be severe for individuals immediately involved; 3) blasting/drilling cost curves tend to rise significantly at intervals below 1.0 particle velocity, in/sec, dependent upon the size of a permit area and the size of a mine; and 4) the legal, complaint, cost and density analyses do not suggest the need for a general lowering of present regulations.

Jan 1, 1981

By W. R. Herrera

A research effort was conducted to present or develop methodology for evaluating candidate potting materials intended for use in explosion-proof enclosures. The primary purpose was to develop acceptance guidelines based on arc decomposition products. Acceptance criteria can be based on: ? Inherent thermo-chemophysical, mechanical and electrical properties; ? Arc decomposition products: ? Nature of volatile products produced, e.g., flammability, explosivity, synergistic effects on existing environment in the enclosure, toxicity; ? Quantity produced as a function of arc power and duration; ? Acceleration aging tests to evaluate breakdown under electrical stress.

Jan 1, 1982

Mine waste and mine reclamation are topics of major interest to the mining industry, the government and the general public. This publication and its companion volume are the proceedings of a conference held in Pittsburgh, April 19-21, 1988. There were nine sessions (50 papers) that dealt with the geochemistry, hydrology and problems of mine waste and mine water, especially acid mine drainage. These comprise Volume 1. The nine sessions (43 papers) that dealt with reclamation and restoration of disturbed lands, as well as related policy issues, are included in volume 2. Volume 2 also contains the ten papers that pertained to control of subsidence and mine fires at abandoned mines. Poster session presentations are, in general, represented by abstracts; these have been placed in the back of both volumes.

Jan 1, 1988

By Kenneth L. Bickel

During an underground mine fire, the importance of controlling the spread of smoke and toxic gases with suitable ventilation structures has been proven. However, under certain conditions, control of the propagation of the fire itself may be even more critical in insuring a safe mine evacuation. Fire doors offer the means for accomplishing both objectives. In 1978, the Bureau of Mines initiated research to evaluate the state of fire-door technology and develop and test a fire door suitable for large openings (10 by 12 ft or larger) in noncoal underground mines. This report discusses current fire-door technology in the context of the underground mine environment and the design, fabrication, lab testing, and in-mine field testing of a mineworthy fire door. This door has a 1.5-h fire resistance rating and limits temperature rise across the door to 2500 F during the first 30 min of fire exposure.

Jan 1, 1987

By Robert W. Geehan

"INTRODUCTION A preliminary examination of the Argentena mine was made in 'January 1945 by an engineer of the Bureau, who recommended investigation by diamond drilling. The Bureau conducted a core-drilling project at the mine from April 30 to August 4, 1946. Claims investigated are in sec. 33, T. 24 S., R. 58 E., Mount Diablo base and meridian, in southern Clark County, Nev., about 2.2 miles west of Goodsprings.The Argentena mine has been an intermittent producer of zinc-lead-silver ore since 1926. During the war years, ore was shipped to the Government stock pile at Jean, Nev., and to the International Smelting F. Refining Co.'s smelter at Salt Lake City, Utah. The mine has been shut down at intervals because of lack of a market for mixed oxidized zinc-lead ore.The 12 holes drilled by the Bureau totaled 1902 feet. The program was designed to test for faulted portions of the ore bodies know in the mine and to test favorable areas for similar ore bodies. As a result of this program, one faulted segment of the ore body was found, and it was established that no one was present in a second fault block. Similar blocks remain unexplored in the vicinity of the mine. Two holes drilled in favorable areas several hundred feet from the mine failed to discover new ore bodies."

Jul 1, 1947

By Mark Flower

A 20L ignition test chamber has been used to test suspensions of 7 UK and world traded coals in air and O2/CO2 mixtures typical of oxy-combustion conditions. The coals varied in rank from sub-bituminous to bituminous and were tested in varying concentrations from the ignition limit to 400g/m3. Following each successful test the combustion residue was collected, weighed and analysed within a thermogravimetric analyser, allowing Q factors to be estimated. The ignition limit varied slightly in air, but was mostly around the 200g/m3 level. With the exception of Coal C, which was much harder to ignite, it correlated roughly with coal rank. The ignition limit changed significantly with O2 concentration when in mixed O2/CO2 gases. Only a few high volatile coals ignited in 21% O2/CO2 v/v, and then only with a 2500 J, rather than a 1000J, igniter. An increase in O2/CO2 levels to 30 or 35% gave ignition patterns similar to those carried out in air with a further increase to 40% having little additional effect. In addition the minimum ignition concentration decreased with increase in O2. Heterogeneous combustion or gasification of the coal by CO2 appears to be confirmed by comparing weight loss results for air and O2/CO2 mixtures respectively for an equivalent peak pressure rise.

Jan 1, 2009

By D. J. Donaven, Manuel Gomez, W. S. Landers

Bulk density tests were made on a Western U.S. coke oven plant blend to obtain bulk density control data that would be directly transferable to plant practice . Maximum bulk density values were obtained at zero surface moisture . Increase in surface moisture to about 6 percent decreased the bulk density to a minimum value . Increase in the fine grinding of the blend , at constant surface moisture , decreased the bulk density . The effect of oil on bulk density was observed with five oils at concentrations ranging from 1/8 to 1-1 / 2 gallons per ton . Maximum bulk densities were obtained within the 1 / 2- to 1 - gallon - per - ton range . Essentially the same bulk densities were obtained with petrolatum- and nonpetrolatum- containing oils . Storage effects were observed on samples tested at selected intervals from 0 to 56 days . No significant change in bulk density took place if no surface moisture was lost during storage .

Jan 1, 1964

By Ellsworth Y. Dougherty, Edwards F. Fitzhugh

"INTRODUCTION During the summer of 1945 the Bureau of Mines made approximately 200 miles of reconnaissance magnetic surveys in north-central Mirnesota. The survey started near the western end of the Mesabi Iron Range and extended into the area to the southwest, west, and northwest and also southward to the-northern limits of the Cuyuna Iron Range. The purpose of the survey was to data to assist exploration for iron ore in the region through:1. Supplying a relatively unit form network of traverses, by which and future surveys of localities in the urea ray be correlated. Suggesting localities in which more detailed magnetic surveys may be justified, and, Disclosing localities in which there is lass hope of obtaining significant results from further magnetic surveys.The instrument used was a Hotchkiss Superdip, and traverses for calibration and comparison were run with a Schmidt-type magnetometer. Field observations and work directly related thereto were carried out under contract by E. J. Lang-year Co., Minneapolis. Engineers of the Bureau of Mines planned, directed, and reviewed the survey."

Aug 1, 1946

By Chas. F. Jackson

The work of the Mining Division is divided among seven sections, each in charge of a supervising engineer, as follows: 1. Metal-mining methods section, the supervising engineer of which is also supervising engineer of the Southwest Experiment Station at Tucson, Ariz. 2. Metal-mining research section. 3. Nonmetal-mining section. 4. Coal-mining section. 5. Mine-ventilation section. 6. Mineral-industries survey section. 7. Electrical section. The names of the sections indicate broadly the fields covered by each, and in the following, pages the objectives and type of work of each section will be summarized briefly and their active problems listed. The work clone during the fiscal year 1937 will also be summarized.

Jan 1, 1937

Recent Bureau of Mines research in earth grounding safety is documented in three separate papers. First, guidelines for the design of a 5- ohm borehole ground are presented. Next, an inexpensive practical means to construct a low-resistance bed in high-resistivity soil is described. Finally, a procedure that employs a commercial resistivity meter to measure shock potentials around grounded objects is explained step-by-step. These papers complement the material presented at an earlier technology transfer seminar and published as IC 8767.

Jan 1, 1985

By H. J. Lechtenberg

Preliminary results are given of solvent stimulation of two wells producing viscous oil (14°-17° API) from the Tar zone in the Wilmington field, California. The solvent (coker oil, an intermediate refinery product) was injected into the formation, and after a soak period, the well was returned to production. Data are given on crude oil properties, solvent properties, determination of volume of solvent in the produced oil, rate of oil production before and after stimulation, volume of additional oil produced, and volume of solvent recovered. Although further study and improvement of the method arcs needed, cyclic solvent stimulation appears to be an unqualified success in one well and a moderate success in the other.

Jan 1, 1972

By C. E. Lapple

To improve mine health and safety conditions, there is need for a portable instrument that mine inspectors can use routinely for rapidly checking concentrations of dust in mine atmospheres. On October 23, 1969, Stanford Research Institute was authorized by the U.S. Bureau of Mines to conduct a study aimed at developing such an instrument under Contract No. H0100186. The results of that study are reported in Technical Report No. 1, "Development of Portable Instrument For Measuring Coal Mine Dust Concentration," August 1970. In that study it was demonstrated on bench-scale that a near-forward optical scattering device gives a linear correlation between mass concentration and optical readout over a range of 2 to 200 mg/m3 with excellent reproducibility. The same correlation was obtained for the Respirable* dust fraction of three different coal dusts within ± 10% and an extreme spread of ± 30%. Based on these results a prototype instrument was designed which was expected to meet all the necessary requirements of a portable instrument for mine use. Because of the excellent results obtained, a further study was authorized by the Bureau of Mines on May 10, 1971 under Contract No. H0111688. The prime objective of this study was to build, calibrate, and deliver to the Bureau of Mines two prototype instruments based on the design previously developed. The emphasis was to be on providing instruments which would meet certain minimum standards of size, weight, response time, sensitivity, ruggedness, reproducibility, permissibility, and cost (ultimate); optimization of the design was to be considered only insofar as it would not significantly delay the development. One instrument was to be delivered after initial calibration of both instruments with Coal Dust PGH. The second instrument was to be used for further calibration with a number of other coal and rock dusts and for assessing other relevant performance characteristics. This report summarizes all the results of this second study.

Jan 1, 1972

By S. H. Ash

THE INVESTIGATION of barrier pillars in the Western Middle field is part of the comprehensive study of the mine-water problem in the anthra¬cite region of Pennsylvania by the Federal Bureau of Mines (1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8,9,10,11,1,2,15,16).8 The Western Middle field is in Schuylkill, Columbia, and Northumberland Counties in eastern Pennsylvania. It has an area of 120 square miles, is 42 miles long from Delano on the east to Trevorton on the west, and is 2 to 5 miles wide. In the Western Middle field are 58 underground water pools containing 38 billion gallons of water (5). Some of the pools overflow to the surface, and the water from others seeps into adjacent mines through permeable barrier pillars separating them from abandoned mines. Several active mines are interconnected to workings in abandoned mines, which are partly filled with water. These mines are separated by barrier pillars that are considered effective only below the altitude of the connections. In some abandoned mines, pumping stations maintain the water at altitudes where the hydrostatic pressure against the barrier pillars is not excessive and does not endanger adjacent active mines. If water in these abandoned mines is allowed to rise to where it can overflow into the active mines, it must be pumped from the active mines at lower altitudes; this materially increases the cost of pumping. It is estimated that from 1944 to 1948 approximately 30 percent of the water pumped to the surface was from abandoned mines.

Jan 1, 1953

By Joseph M. Kurtak

The U.S Bureau of Mines conducted a five-year mineral resource assessment of the 16.6 million acre Colville Mining District in northern Alaska, which includes part of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska. The study was initiated at the request of the Bureau of Land Management, which administers the majority of the region. The study was done in cooperation with the Alaskan Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, the U. S. Geological Survey, and the University of Alaska. During fieldwork, 1593 rock, soil, and stream sediment samples were collected and four bulk samples taken for beneficiation studies. A total of 40 mineral occurrences were documented, including 27 which were previously undescribed. No mining has occurred within the district. Mississippian carbonaceous shale and siliceous mudstone contain stratiform exhalative lead-zinc-silver occurrences. Grades average 8.0% combined lead/zinc and 51 gm/mt silver. Upper Devonian to Lower Mississippian sandstones host breccia veins, containing up to 29% combined lead/zinc and 274 gm/mt silver. Mineralized quartzites of similar age have potential for disseminated-type lead-zinc deposits. Samples from Lower Cretaceous mudstone and shale beds up to 6.5 meters thick, contain as much up to 12% manganese. Upper Mississippian carbonaceous shale and limestone beds contain up to 23% phosphate. Stratiform barite deposits hosted by cherts, are up to 27 meters thick with an average specific gravity of 4.16. Vein-type fluorite occurrences are associated with Mississippian limestone. Moderate potential exists for development of zinc -lead-silver, barite, and phosphate deposits.

Jan 1, 2011

By E. A. Mevissen

With the ever increasing consumption of mineral commodities, the vital question is not whether sufficient mineral quantities will be available, but rather can the known existing low grade resources be mined economically. Conventional conveyor systems are being used in some open pit mines to decrease haulage costs. n an effort, to take this concept one stop further, this contract study examines the use of a high angle conveying system in an open pit mine. It identifies available high angle conveying equipment and examines the haulage and crushing costs associated with both a conventional truck and shovel mining operation and a high angle conveyor operation. These costs analyses were performed on a hypothetical copper, taconite and phosphate mine. Information was gathered from a series of high angle conveying equipment and open pit mining operations in the U.S. Volume I includes a detailed review of the state-of-the-art in high angle conveying concepts, the, hypothetical mine development, and the cost analyses. Volume II includes the appendices.

Jan 1, 1981