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By A. K. Watt

"The availability of fresh water to meet present and future needs in Ontario is of concern to an increasing number of people. Rain and snow are the source of our potable water and provide, on the average, some 180,-000 billion gallons of water annually. This amount is reduced to 94 billion gallons a day as a result of the evaporation and transpiration of water and our inability to construct the necessary reservoirs for capturing surplus stream flow.The water used for domestic, irrigation, public supply and industrial purposes amounts to some 7 billion gallons daily at present and will reach 21 billion gallons daily by the year 2000; however, only about one-fifth of the water used is actually consumed, and this, along with the possibilities of water re-use, improves the water supply picture still further.The need for adequate pollution control has accompanied industrial and urban expansion and is an important factor in the extent to which our surplus water is used. In the 10-year period since the formation of the Ontario Water Resources Commission, the cost of water and sewage works constructed in the Province has exceeded one billion dollars. A special effort is now being made to control the industrial pollution situation.Numerous federal and provincial agencies are engaged in hydrologie studies in the Province, providing in-formation of benefit to those involved with water resources management."

Jan 1, 1967

By L. B. Hale

"Introduction This paper will discuss the current operations of Westar Mining Ltd. and give a brief history of the company and of the Crowsnest Pass area. Westar is an integrated company involved in mining, processing and marketing coal from its mines in southeastern British Columbia and shipping coal from Westshore Terminals at Roberts Bank, located just south of Vancouver, B.C. It is two-thirds owned by the B.C. Resources Investment Corporation and one-third owned by the Mitsubishi Corporation of Japan and a consortium of Japanese coal consumers. Operations in southeast British Columbia consist of four coal mines and two processing facilities (Fig. 1). The Elkview Coal Processing Plant near Sparwood, B.C. receives its raw coal from Balmer operations (Harmer open pit), Balmer South (Panel 6) an underground hydraulic mine, and Balmer North an underground room-and-pillar mine. The fourth mine, Greenhills, an open-pit operation, is located near Elkford, B.C. and has its own processing plant. The Balmer mining and processing complex is the largest metallurgical coal facility in Canada producing up to 7 .5 million tonnes of clean coal per year. The Greenhills operation, completed in mid-1983, has a capacity of 2.8 million tonnes. The high-grade metallurgical and thermal coal produced is primarily for export markets. The major customers are Japan, Korea, Brazil, Pakistan, Chile and Taiwan.Our coal and that produced by other mines in Alberta and British Columbia is shipped to the international markets through Westshore Terminals Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary. Westshore will have an annual capacity of 22 million tonnes of coal and accommodate ships of up to 250,000 dead weight tonnes by 1984 when its current expansion program is completed."

Jan 1, 1985

By Hajime Miki, Gde Pandhe Wisnu Suyantara, Tsuyoshi Hirajima, A. M. Elmahdy, Keiko Sasaki

"Seawater has been reported to depress molybdenite in a copper-molybdenum (Cu-Mo) flotation process at high pH due to the precipitation of Mg(OH)2. Meanwhile, to improve mineral recoveries, collectors are usually added into the flotation cells, thus adding the complexity to the mechanism of bubble-particle interactions involved in Cu-Mo flotation. Therefore, understanding the interaction mechanism in seawater flotation and in the presence of collectors is important to explain the minerals depression. The present work investigated the effect of kerosene on the bubble collision and attachment to pure chalcopyrite and molybdenite surfaces in MgCl2 solution as one of the seawater major components at pH 6 and 11. Mineral surfaces were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM). In addition, minerals floatability in the same system were tested in a column flotation. The study of bubble-particle interactions shows that following several collisions, bubble could displace the intervening liquid layer on the mineral surfaces, forming a three-phase contact (TPC). A TPC formed more rapidly in the presence of emulsified kerosene in a 0.01 M MgCl2 solution at pH 6 for both minerals. The reason is kerosene increased the surfaces hydrophobicity and destabilized the intervening liquid layer on the surfaces. Moreover, the average time required to form a TPC was shorter on molybdenite surface. This can be attributed to the effect of adsorbed kerosene on molybdenite surface and molybdenite surface roughness.INTRODUCTIONIn froth flotation, bubbles are used to separate hydrophobic mineral particles from hydrophilic particles. In this process, bubble-particle interactions (i.e., collisions, attachment, and detachment) are crucial with regard to mineral recoveries. The effectiveness of froth flotation depends on the formation of stable aggregates between the hydrophobic particles and the bubbles, allowing the bubble to carry the particles to the froth layer. To form such aggregates, the bubbles and particles must collide, and the intervening liquid layer must be drained below the liquid layer critical thickness, forming a stable threephase contact (TPC) (Ralston & Dukhin, 1999). Particles detachment may take place if the particles still have sufficient kinetic energy and the TPC is not formed. Previous studies of bubble-particle interaction in electrolyte solutions have been conducted using atomic force microscopy (AFM) (Assemi, Nguyen, & Miller, 2008), and by approaching the bubble using mica plate (Pushkarova & Horn, 2008), however, these studies did not focus on the bubble-particle collisions. Bubble collisions and attachment to hydrophobic (Teflon) and hydrophilic (glass) surfaces in a a-terpineol solution have been investigated by Krasowka et al. (2003)."

Jan 1, 2016

By W. G. Hubler

History The Aldermac mine is situated on the Nipissing Central railway near the ' centre of the township of Boischatel, Quebec, and is about ten miles west of Noranda. Aldermac Mines, Limited, is a subsidiary company of Towagamac Exploration Company. The property was staked by Messrs. Alderson and MacKay and McMartin, during the winter of 1922-23. During October, 1925, a copper discovery was made by K. W. Fritzsche, who was in charge of exploration work at that time, the first trench on this discovery averaging 8 per cent copper over a width of ten feet. This led to the discovery of another body 200 feet to the north, with an average of 3 per cent copper over fifteen feet in width. A magnetic survey was then carried out which led to the location of the large pyrite ore-bodies which have been developed in the past few years. Development work was carried on to a depth of 1,125 feet, and approximately three million tons of massive pyrite ore was indicated. Extensive metallurgical tests were conducted in the laboratories of the Mines Branch of the Department of Mines at Ottawa to determine the proper metallurgical treatment and the economic possibilities of the ore. Owing to the comparatively low copper content, and the uncertainty of the copper market, it was doubtful if the mine could be profitably operated for the production of copper alone. Messrs. Alderson & MacKay, however, realized the possibility of utilizing the large tonnage of pyrite as a substitute for native sulphur, 'which in past years has been imported into .Canada for the manufacture of acid and sulphate pulp in paper mills. They therefore organized the Sulphite Research Corporation with the object of developing an economical process of utilizing the pyrite.

Jan 1, 1932

Mine Safety in Chile ?Since the year 2000 fatality rate averages 34 per year ?1% of world mining labour force but 8% of world?s mining fatalities San Jose Mine Safety ?From 1998 to 2010 eight fatalities ?In 2003 mine inspectors recognized no second means of egress and a raise system was developed ?In 2006 182 workers were injured, 56 of them seriously ?In January 2007, there was a fatality after a rock burst, and the government ordered the mine closed ?Less than a year later the mine was back in operations. It had not complied with some of the basic safety measures ordered. One of those measures was to complete the escape way ladder.

May 1, 2011

By B. W. Clyburn

"Coals from the Corporation's Lingan and No. 26 mines are classified as high-volatile A bituminous, with a very low inherent ash and containing a/l essential properties to provide metallurgical coal, with the exception of a high sulphur content. Only through proper cleaning at low specific gravity can the pyritic sulphur fraction of the coal be liberated to an extent where final sulphur meets coking standards. This first section of the paper deals with the operation of a Dutch State Mines heavy-media cyclone circuit to achieve an actual separation in the region of 1.30 specific gravity. A discussion of the parameter of control which must be applied along with an appraisal of the results obtained is included in the paper.IntroductionVery high fluidity and unusually low ash are the outstanding characteristics of coal from Devco's mines in the Harbour seam of the Sydney coal field.However, sulphur content, mainly pyritic, ranges from 1 to 2.5070. To obtain the low and consistent sulphur level required in metallurgical coking coals, preparation at low specific gravity is required .Metallurgical coke is used as the fuel in an iron blast furnace. Its sulphur content largely determines the quantity of slag required to remove it and therefore influences furnace productivity and unit costs.Typical data on the various coal properties of importance in the production of coke are included in Table I. Necessity of Low-Gravity SeparationThe design of any coal preparation plant requires the study of washability properties of the coal to be treated to determine the quantity and quality of coal produced at a given specific gravity along with the difficulty in accomplishing that separation.Their low ash content allows the important washability aspects of Harbour seam coals to be represented by sulphur! specific gravity curves (Fig. I). This particular example indicates that a yield of 54.5% is attained, at a sulphur content of 1.20%, for a perfect separating device operating with a 1.29 S.G. cut point.Material rejected from this separation still contains usable coal, which is recovered as middlings by separating at a higher gravity."

Jan 1, 1980

By T. Patching

"A GLANCE BACK AT what has happened in the past is often a useful guide to the future, although it should be used mainly to provide a sense of direction rather than a map that must be followed. As a preamble to discussing some of the questions posed by the organizing committee it may be appropriate to briefly review the distribution and careers of the graduates of our Department since the first degree in mining engineering was awarded in 1916. An attempt has been made to keep a record of the locations and careers of the Department's 540 graduates in mining and metallurgical engineering. Almost all of those who graduated before 1930 have now retired, but a very large proportion held positions as senior executives prior to retirement. A major proportion of those who graduated before 1950 are now in what might be considered senior management positions. Those who have 10 to 20 years of experience are generally in work of senior engineering responsibility or in supervisory or junior management ranks, while those who graduated in the last ten years appear to be generally in staff engineering or junior supervisory positions. This classification is admittedly imprecise because it is difficult to determine from a job description whether duties should be considered of an engineering or management nature - a distinction between the two terms is often over-emphasized. Nevertheless, the trend from technical engineering to management responsibilities with seniority and years of experience is clear in the careers that we have been able to follow."

Jan 1, 1972

By W. A. Padgham, H. Helmstaedt

Field evidence for current hypothe e about age and kinematic ignificance of gold-bearing hear zones in the Archean Yellowkni fe greenstone belt is reviewed , and it is concluded that major disagreements between previous workers are a direct result of differences in stratigraphic and tructural in terpretations of the Yellowknife Supergroup. Although goldbearing hear zone appear to be confined to the mafic volcanic pile of the Kam Group. it can be shown that shearing affected all supracru tal rocks, including the Jackson Lake Formation. now con idered to represent the youngest unit of the Yellowknife Supergroup. tructural ob ervations are incompatible with the hypothe is that the hear zones represent loci of ynvolcanic gravity sliding but are consistent with earlier conclu ions that shear zone development commenced with rotation of the volcanic pile and continued as re ult of lateral shortening broadly overlapping with the emplacement of granitoid batholiths. Shear Zones are common throughout the entire green tone belt. yet productive zone are confined to the Yellowknife Bay Formation of the Kam Group and localized where flow abut with a high angle again t the contact of the We tern Plutonic complex. However. no obvious tructural and lithological features have been recognized that are more favorable for gold deposition and distinguish the shear zones and flows of the area around the mines from those of other parts of the greenstone belt. The model that gold wa transported by metamorphic solutions and that hear zones were the firs t-order control for gold deposition provides no explanation for the trong localization of the depo it . As porphyries with elevated gold contents are present in and near ome of the mines. the possibility that gold was deposited from hydrothermal system around fel ic intrusion representing early phases of the Western Plutonic complex should be given erious consideration.

Jan 1, 1986

By Q. Han

A modified cast-on method has been developed to reinforce aluminum castings with steel insert. Defect-free bond between the steel insert and the aluminum casting has been consistently obtained. Data obtained from a push-out experiment indicated that the bond strength was much higher than that obtained using the Al-Fin approach. This paper introduces this modified method in four sections: the coating of the steel pins, the cast-in method, microstructure characterization, and the bond strength. The section on the coating of the steel pins contains coating material selection, electro-plating technique for plating Cu and Ni on steel, and diffusion bonding of the coatings to the steel. The section on cast-in method deals with factors that affecting the quality of the metallurgical bond between the coated steel and the aluminum castings. The results of microstructure characteristics of the bonding are presented in the microstructure characterization section. A push-out experiment and the results obtained using this method is described in the section of bond strength/mechanical property.

Jan 1, 2015

By H. Wotruba, J. Heizmann

"The use of shotcrete is a mandatory means for rock support and therefore for safety in many underground mining operations. If shotcrete gets into the flotation feed though, it can negatively influence the flotation process. This especially occurs when sublevel stoping, cut-and-fill or room-and-pillar methods are applied because as the mining face moves on, formerly applied shotcrete layers are mined together with the ore.As shotcrete does not differ significantly from fluorspar ore in its physical properties it gets moved through the comminution process and is fed to the flotation plant like the ore. To prove the influence of shotcrete on the flotation process, a laboratory test series was conducted at the Unit of Mineral Processing (AMR) of the RWTH Aachen University. The shotcrete grade of the flotation feed was varied between 0 and 10% through addition of pure shotcrete. Flotation parameters and also reagent dosage were held constant apart from the addition of the pH regulator, which was dosed to reach a constant pH of 8 at the flotation start. Results showed that with increasing shotcrete grades in the flotation feed the fluorspar recovery as well as general mass recovery decreased. The enrichment factor of Fluorspar also decreased with increasing shotcrete grades in the feed.In an effort to eliminate the shotcrete contamination of the flotation feed, a feasibility study for use of sensor-based sorting prior to the comminution process was conducted. Rock sorting not only reduces the bad influence of shotcrete on the flotation process, but also reduces comminution costs. INTRODUCTIONShotcrete is used in underground mining on a regular basis. It is used for rock support and therefore to increase safety in the underground mining environment. In mineral processing the presence of shotcrete can cause difficulties for example in the concentration processes. In flotation the highly sensitive reagent mixtures can be disturbed by the chemical activity of shotcrete and therefore recovery rates and selectivity of the process can suffer.Shotcrete is a special form of concrete which is applied pneumatically with high velocities and is compressed by its impact energy. Since the process is especially suitable for work in difficult environments and overhead areas, it is established in underground mining for many years. Shotcrete is not only applied in pre-processing of the mines, but particularly of use for cut and fill, as well as room and pillar mining methods. There it is used to secure excavation chambers. When the mine face is secured with shotcrete and subsequently the mining continues, the applied shotcrete will automatically be mixed with the ore."

Jan 1, 2016

By C. G. Anderson

As the global demand for copper and gold steadily increases and the need for environmentally sound processing also grows, successful hydrometallurgical treatment of enargite (Cu3AsS4) concentrates has come to the forefront. This type of concentrate contains considerable arsenic so that successful arsenic fixation, for example as scorodite, is of the essence. This paper outlines the successful application of low temperature and low pressure nitrogen species catalyzed (NSC) hydrometallurgical pressure oxidation of enargite concentrates. The successful stabilization of the arsenic as an iron arsenate compound is discussed. Also, the use of experimental design software is highlighted as a process application and optimization tool.

Jan 1, 2006

By L. H. Cole

FOR many years Industrial Minerals, or as they were formerly called, 'the Non-Metallic Minerals', compared with the metallics, were considered of only minor importance and as such were given scant attention in the technical press as well as in the public press. Those days are, however, happily passing, and thanks, to an appreciable extent, to the constant endeavour of the Industrial Minerals Section of this Institute, established in the fall of 1932 industrial minerals are now assuming the importance to which they are entitled. The term 'Industrial Minerals', when first adopted in this sense by the Institute, was thought to be original in its application, but it is interesting to note that it had been used many years previously by the Queensland Geological Survey in the following publication: SALT Article 1 in Industrial Minerals by B. DUNSTAN, Chief Government Geologist (Publication No. 268, in Part) Queensland Geological Survey, Department of Mines, Brisbane 1920 In Queensland, however, the term embraced some of the metals as well as the non-metallic minerals proper. The lead furnished by Canada in this matter bore rapid fruit, and already the term 'Industrial Minerals' is widely used, not only throughout Canada but in the United States as well.

Jan 1, 1939

By D. Tao

Froth flotation is widely used in the coal industry to clean -28 mesh or -100 mesh fine coal. A successful recovery of particles by flotation depends on efficient particle-bubble collision and attachment with minimal subsequent particle detachment from bubble. Flotation is effective in a narrow size range outside which the flotation efficiency drops sharply. A fundamental analysis has shown that use of picobubbles can significantly improve the flotation recovery of particles by increasing the probability of collision and attachment and reducing the probability of detachment. A specially designed column with a picobubble generator has been developed for enhanced recovery of fine coal particles. Picobubbles were produced based on the hydrodynamic cavitation principle. Experimental results with one metallurgical coal and one steam coal have shown that the use of picobubbles in a 2" column flotation increased fine coal recovery by 10-30%, depending on the feed rate, collector dosage, and other flotation conditions. Picobubbles also acted as a secondary collector and reduced the collector dosage by one third to one half.

Jan 1, 2006

By R. D. Corrans

"Abstract - Africa is endowed with a number of the world's giant ore deposits which have contributed significantly to the development of their host countries. Mineral exploration has a long history in the continent, but mining on an unprecedented scale took off during the latter part of the 19th century, accompanied by the development of lines of communication and other infrastructure to service the major mining centres .The ""Winds of Change"" which swept Africa in the 1950s and 1960s brought in new styles of government and economic management to a number of regions, often with demise of economic viability and infrastructure. ln recent years, with the end of the cold war, collapse of communism and changes in South Africa, new opportunities for mineral exploration are opening up rapidly in Africa. However, due to the large cost, long lead-in time, and high risk of developing new mineral ventures in the continent, it is necessary for the host countries to draft realistic and favorable mineral laws and fiscal codes in order to attract, and not deter, potential mineral investors.There will be an on-going role in mineral exploration throughout Africa for the artisanal miner, the smaller entrepreneurs and mining companies, exploration aid programs funded by the developed countries through African governments, as well as the major mining houses who have the resources to develop larger viable mineral deposits."

Jan 1, 1994

By A. Mcdonald

"An X-Met Analyzer was purchased from Outokumpu in late 1983for use in the Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting smelter. Its first use was in the fuming plant to give zinc assays of each charge of slag tapped from the fuming furnaces. This quickly told the operators exactly when each charge had reached its economic tap-out point, and gave supervision a fool-proof method of identifying good operation. These and other factors led to major improvements in coal utilization in the fumers and to major increases in zinc oxide production. A second unit was later purchased for the reverberatory furnace to give silica and iron assays of the slag, and these were used to make adjustments in the feed composition to maintain the desired SiO2:Fe ratio in the slag. Since purchasing the units for the furnace, the oil consumption and copper content of the slag have dropped significantly. IntroductionSmelters have lagged far behind concentrators in process control by mean s of rapid product analysis. The on-stream X-ray analyzer was developed about seventeen years ago, and soon concentrators around the world were getting assays of the incoming ore, .concentrates and tailings every fifteen minutes, and using these to control reagent additions and other process variables. Almost always, the concentrate grade and recovery improved.In smelters, product streams are solids or molten materials, not the more easily handled slurries, and until seven years ago no inexpensive equipment was available to provide rapid analysis of this type of material. In approximately 1980, several companies developed instruments based on irradiating solid samples with low-intensity gamma rays from radio-isotope sources, and measuring the secondary X-rays emitted from different elements in the sample to provide an analysis of the elements desired.The smelter staff had a close look at what was needed and listed the following points as being critical:1. ability to provide Zn assays of a sample of slag within 15 minutes of taking it, in order to achieve optimum fuming times (zinc fuming , being a batch process, had the greatest potential benefit from rapid slag analysis);2. ability to give Cu and Fe assays on the slag, and on other smelter products, such as matte and converter slag;3. ability to give Si02 assays since the SiO2 content of the slag has a strong effect on fuming rate; and4. ability to stand up to an industrial atmosphere such as exists in the fuming plant."

Jan 1, 1987

By B. Voyzelle

The deterioration of highway and bridge infrastructure has received considerable attention in recent years because of the billions of dollars needed for repair and rehabilitation. A major factor contributing to this problem is the corrosion of steel reinforcement. Reinforcing steels with good corrosion resistance and relatively low price are therefore essential for maintenance, cost reduction and service-life extension of the steel-reinforced structures. This article describes the development of low-alloying steels that offers good corrosion resistance with reasonably low cost. Topics include steel microstructures, mechanical properties, corrosion performance, industrial applications and economic aspects.

Jan 1, 2005

By M. Bender, H. D. Goodfellow

"Belt conveyors, because of their low capital and operating costs and inherent flexibility in handling a wide variety of products, have numerous applications in the mining industry. With the increased emphasis on improving the workplace environment, dust emissions from belt conveyors at transfer and other points have become a significant problem for many applications.The paper reviews belt conveyor dust control technology and compares dust emissions from belt conveyor systems with other possible materials handling systems. Technical information on existing belt conveyor installations which have been designed to minimize or eliminate dust emissions is summarized. The important features of good design as well as the necessary input from operating and maintenance personnel are highlighted. The status of research and development work on dust control on belt conveyor systems on a world-wide basis is discussed. A proposed methodology for field measurements of emission factors from belt conveyor systems is presented. Data collected from such a test program can be used to establish a design basis for new dust-free belt conveyors.IntroductionBelt conveyors have proven themselves over the year s in the mining industry as a reliable and low-co st method of moving bulk material at high tonnage rates. Because of the above, as well as their inherent flexibility in handling a wide variety of products, belt conveyors are often called the ""workhorses"" of bulk material handling systems. For many processing plants, belt conveyors serve as the ""vital link"" in providing feed to the plant and the removal of the finished product. As would be expected, there has been considerable engineering effort in designing rugged and reliable belt conveyor systems.It is also well known that belt conveyor systems are a primary source of respirable dust emissions. The major sources are from the tail pulley where material is received and the head pulley where material is discharged, from the return idlers, due to the fine material attached to the return belt, and from the take-up pulley. It is usually considered that for dust particles less than 10 microns, these particles will remain airborne and thus can have a profound effect on the workplace environment."

Jan 1, 1982

By R. H. Duthie

As at any other mine in Canada, grade control procedures are used at Steep Rock Iron Mines (1) in order to ensure that concentrator and pellet-plant operator s have a uniform feed so that they can manufacture a pellet to suit buyers' specifications and (2) to maximize ore recovery so that as little as possible finds its way to the waste dump or is downgraded by contamination. At Steep Rock, material grading 40% to 66 % Fe is considered ore. The ore may contain up to 10% sulphur. These ranges create six different stock pile types, with the possibility of more if large concentrations of arsenic are encountered. Although grading and mining techniques used to accomplish these ends are fairly standard, there is an appreciation and willingness by hourly and staff pit personnel to make grade control effective. This produces vertical and horizontal communication, which is necessary for success in this field. At Steep Rock, the waste-to-ore ratio is greater than at any other iron ore mine in Canada. Also, a high percentage of the ore mined is direct pellet feed. For these reasons, .grade control is very important.

Jan 1, 1977

By W. E. Uren

The Dominion Coal Board was created by Statute passed on July 17th, 1947, and was brought into effect by proclamation on October 21st, 1947. It is, consequently, a comparatively young body, having been in existence for only eighteen months. Before dealing with the constitution and duties of the Board, it may be well to answer the unspoken question of why it has been considered necessary to single out coal as one specific mineral requiring the continuous attention of a specially created permanent Board. In Canada, coal has been the neglected sister of the more spectacular minerals and it comes as a surprise co many to note that in 1948 the value of the coal produced in Canada was higher than that of any other mineral with the one exception of gold. Coal touches upon our daily lives in many different places of which the public are not generally conscious. As household fuel, it is a necessity of life in this northern climate; as a source of steam, it provides the heat for most of our industries; it is the food of the 'iron horse' chat shuttles our persons and our goods across the land; it is the source of power in many parts of the country; it is the chemical reducing agent chat, in our furnaces, transmutes the metallic oxides to the virgin metal. Coal is, in fact, the indispensable mineral chat forms the corner-stone of our present structure of industrial civilization. Is it, then, such an odd thing that the provision of an adequate supply of coal should be a matter of national interest or that measures should have been taken by government co provide for a constant watch, by a permanent Board, on the supply of co al? ? The Board is the result of the recommendations of the Royal Commission on coal which made a long and detailed study of the Canadian coal problem. It is composed of a permanent Chairman and six part-time members, most of whom have had intimate contact with various phases of the industry.

Jan 1, 1949

By S Romanchuk, V N. Macvkiw, D. J. I. Evans

The paper describes the processes developed and piloted by Sherritt Gordon Mines Limited for recovering copper, in the form of specification copper powders, from Lynn Lake sulphidic copper concentrates and Fort Saskatchewan Refinery by-product copper sulphides. The process includes ammonia pressure leaching and hydrogen reduction from solution. Nickel and cobalt present in the con-centrates dissolve in the leach solution and a method was developed for separating these metals from the cop-per. Methods are described for con-trolling the physical properties of the copper powder produced in the reduction vessel. The chemistry of the process is briefly discussed and the effects of some of the more important process variables are described. SHERRITT Gordon Mines Limited have developed and proven on a pilot plant scale, a process (I) for the production of copper powder

Jan 1, 1961