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Jan 1, 1883

By C. G. Rhodes, D. Kramer

The kinetics of precipitation of transient a phase during the transformation in U-16 wt pct Mo between 400° and 550°C were studied using quantitative metallography and electrica1 resistiuity measurements. The volume percent of a phase goes through a maximum in time, corresponding to a critical degree of progress of y' formation. prior to its re-solution after prolonged annealing. The fastest rate of a precipitation oc-cuvs at 500°C with a concomittant lowest peak of 9.5 vol pct a. At 450°C, 14 vol pct a, greatest fov any temperature, was observed after 24 hr witlz an associated slowest rate of formation. a precipitation at 400°C ceases after approximately 160 hr and the amount of a present remains unchanged after long times at temperature; no y' was observed metallographically at this temperature. IN the U-Mo system at 16 wt pct Mo, an ordering reaction takes place below 600°C, see Fig. 1, whereupon the random bcc solid solution, y, transforms to the ordered bct phase, y'."2 The new unit cell is constructed of three old unit cells somewhat distorted. While attempting to study the kinetics of this transformation it was observed that an unexpected phase was precipitating out early during the transformation anneal reaching appreciable amounts before disappearing after long times. The y' appeared in the presence of this new phase and after long times constituted the whole sample. Owing to the high optical activity of this unexpected phase under polarized light, it was suspected to be the a phase. Subsequent X-ray powder pictures confirmed this belief. The kinetics of a phase formation and disappearance is the subject of this paper. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE A) Alloy Preparation. Alloys for this study were prepared by vacuum induction melting normal reactor grade uranium and 99.5 wt pct Mo pellets in thoria crucibles. Two ingots were prepared, and sections of the top and bottom of each ingot were chemically analyzed for uranium and molybdenum content. The results of the analyses appear in Table I. B) Metallography. Samples of 16M were wrapped in tantalum foil, sealed in evacuated (5 X 10"6 mm of Hg) quartz capisules, and annealed at 1110"C prior to being transferred directly to the transformation temperature. They were examined metallographically after increasing times to determine the progress of the transformation at 400°, 450°, 500°, and 550°C. The samples were prepared for metallographic examination by mechanical polishing with diamond paste and electrolytic polishing with a solution of glacial acetic acid and chromic acid. Since the y' phase is tetragonal, its presence can be detected by viewing the sample in polarized light. To increase the contrast between y' plates, the samples were electro-etched in a 10 pct oxalic acid solution. To reveal a phase in bright field (it can be seen in polarized light in the "as-polished" state), the samples were electro-etched in a solution of citric acid and nitric acid. To determine the vol pct a phase, a variation of the one dimensional systematic point count method as described by Hilliard and cahn3 was used. The

Jan 1, 1962

By R. J. Grace

Primarily, this report presents the results of direct efficiency tests which were conducted on the 200-hp Coal-Pak, hot water generator, No. 3 unit, at the Otterbein College heating plant in Westerville, Ohio. Also included is a comparison of fuel consumption of the old plant with that of the new plant, a comparison of efficiencies obtained by the indirect method on a 300-hp Coal-Pak, and the cost of gas vs coal to show the savings effected by the latter. Tests were conducted with ten different bituminous coals selected by Mr. S. A. Frye, business manager at Otterbein College. The coals, of ten different suppliers, from four different states and eight different seams, represented competitive products economically available to the heating plant. The tests were conducted by the usual plant personnel which consisted of the plant superintendent and two assistants. No outside supervision of any kind was given during the tests. The tests were made from Dec. 13, 1960, through Mar. 4, 1961. During this period, 300.03 tons of coal were burned in the No. 3 unit. This tonnage represented 25.5 pct of the total coal requirements for the 1960-61 season. Operation during the period was typical for the comfort heat load which the plant supplies. Of the 78.12 operating days, the boiler was on bank or holdfire 14.31 days, or 18.32 pct of the time. The length of individual bank periods varied from 2 hr to three days. Run periods varied from about 2 hr to 7.26 days. DESCRIPTION OF PLANT AND HEATING EQUIPMENT The new Otterbein College heating plant, completed in the summer of 1957, is located in a 50x50 ft boiler room on the lower level of a combination maintenance building and heating plant. The building is situated away from the main college complex on a hillside, which allows for on-grade delivery of coal to the three bunkers. The bunkers are located directly above and connected with the individual stoker hoppers. Fig. 1 shows an in-plant view of the Coal-Pak installations. The No. 3, hot water, unit is at the extreme right. The heating plant consists of three 200-hp Coal-Paks. Unit No. 1 is operated at 4 psi and carries the steam heating load of 14,000 sq ft EDR (steam) installed in two buildings. Provision has been made to convert these buildings to hot water heating at some future date. Since the unit under maximum load conditions operates only at about 50 pct steaming capacity, a heat exchanger was installed to convert steam to hot water. Thus, during light loads in mild weather the unit can be employed more efficiently to supply both steam and hot water and eliminate the need for operating either of the two hot water units. Units No. 2 and No. 3 serve a hot water heating circuit for a large group of 21 buildings of the College. These boilers deliver hot water at temperatures up to 200°F to the various buildings through distribution lines in tunnels. The present calculated maximum heat loss for the College is 15.195 million Btu per hr. The Coal-Paks have individual design capacities of 6.700 million Btu per hr. Table I lists the design date for the Coal-Paks. The No. 3 unit was chosen as the test unit, primarily because of its bunker location at the far end of the delivery ramp. Because of this location any excess coal above bunker capacity could be conveniently stored and isolated from the adjoining bunkers. Each bunker has a capacity of 30 to 35 tons of coal. The No. 2 and No. 3 hot water generators are equipped with automatic controls which maintain the

Jan 1, 1962

By Edward W. Parker

(Toronto Meeting, July, 1907.) NOTE.-The material from which this paper has been prepared was collected for the U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin, Contributions to Economic Geology, 1906, and appears also, though in somewhat more extended form without illustrations, in that publication. ALTHOUGH the briquetting of coals and lignites has been carried on for many years in Europe, and has reached a particularly high state of development in France, Belgium, and Germany, it has made comparatively little progress in the United States. The causes for the backwardness of the United States in this regard are several, and first among them has been the abundant supply of cheap raw fuel with which the manufactured article has to compete. With our millions of acres of coal-productive territory, from which the product can in most cases be cheaply extracted, it has appeared in many districts more economical to waste the slack or culm, which con¬stitutes a considerable percentage -of the product, than to attempt to save it at the additional expense required for briquetting. It is for this reason that the view in all sections of the anthracite-region of Pennsylvania is marred by the unsightly culm-banks which encumber the ground, and that in some of the bituminous-districts one sees huge piles of unmarketable- slack allowed to burn up in order to get rid of them. When the coal is of a coking quality, or when the slack can be used for steaming-purposes, these losses are not sustained, but many thousands of tons of what might be converted into usable fuel have been wasted every year simply because of the increased expense involved in its preparation.

Sep 1, 1907

Executive ARTHUR S DWIGHT, Chairman B THAYER CHARLES F RAND P MATHEWSON J V W REYNDERS Membership WILLIAM H BASSETT, Chairman W Y WESTERVELT Vice-chairman P MATHEWSON H G MOULTON F T RUBIDGE Finance WALTER H ALDRIDGE, Chairman GEORGE D BARRON GALEN H CLEVENGER

Jan 1, 1923

By Burt C. Mariacher

To note that environmental considerations had a major im¬pact on the minerals processing industry in 1971 would be something less than a profound observation. The degree of its importance was demonstrated by MBD when it established the Environmental Committee as a new unit committee within the Division to achieve greater participation in exchange of information relating to the technologies and problems involved. It is appropriate and necessary to devote special attention to this timely aspect of minerals processing, as its influence penetrates the research, engineering and operations of almost all unit technologies that comprise minerals processing. The pollution abatement aspect of this industry has been such a dominant factor in recent years there is reason to wonder whether progress in unrelated technologies has been curtailed. Perhaps so, to some degree, but unit committee reviews presented in this article suggest rather that it would appear to have served as a catalyst for accelerated progress in development of new methods and improvement in more conventional ones. Present concepts regarding primary metal or mineral recovery and by-product potential may change considerably as a result of improved technology in waste product treatment.

Jan 2, 1972

By A. S. Callen

These iron mines of Spain are located on the mountain ridge forming the boundary between the Teruel and Guadalajara provinces, called Sierra Menera. They form a property of 25 mines extending over an area of 1,677 hectares (4,140 acres) situated at a height varying from 1,200 m. (3,940 ft.) to 1,500 m. (4,920 ft.) above sea level. The deposit follows the direction north to south; huge masses of ore are being found both on the slopes and at the summit of the Sierra. The ore occurs among quartzites and magnesite limestone, in some places overlaid by quartzite 15 m. (50 ft.) thick; in some others (and this is more general) the ore is overlaid by earth and boulders of quartzite origin; this layer is about 8 m. (26 ft.) thick. The ore beds occupy the geological horizon of the Superior Trias or Muschelkask, which are here in direct contact with the Silurian quartzites. The lime-stones have been more or less transformed. There is ample evidence to show that these mines were worked in very ancient times—objects and tools employed in mining by the ancient Romans and Arabs are to be found plentifully in old workinigs which extend down into the deposits. It has been estimated that more than 10,000,000 tons of ore were mined in the old days in this district and carried to the primitive forges in the vicinity where iron of much renown in Spain was extracted. Remains of more than 20 of these forges are found in the neighborhood of Sierra Menera and are usually situated near waterfalls and forests. Much investigation has been carried on for the purpose of determining the quantity of ore to be found in these mines, but no exact calculations can be made at present. When the investigation is completed it will surely be found that the deposit contains a much larger quantity than the 100,000,000 tons indicated by the present workings. The mines are now worked as open quarries and this method can and will be followed for a long time, probably until the deposit is worked out. Figs. 1 and 2 give some idea of the quarries in operation and the reserves, the iron-ore stocks, screening installation and general arrangement. From these quarries 1,000,000 tons can be mined annually (987,000

Jan 1, 1916

By Herbert Clark Hoover, Lou Henry Hoover

QUESTIONS of assaying were explained in the last Book, and I have now come to a greater task, that is, to the description of how we extract the metals. First of all I will explain the method of preparing the ore1 ; for since Nature usually creates metals in an impure state, mixed with earth, stones, and solidified juices, it is necessary to separate most of these impurities from the ores as far as can be, before they are smelted, and therefore I will now describe the methods by which the ores are sorted, broken with hammers, burnt, crushed with stamps, ground into powder, sifted, washed, roasted, and calcineda.

Jan 1, 1950

By Thomas T., Read

DESIRABLE as it is to summarize what has been set forth in preceding chapters, the task can only be approached with great hesitation. What follows represents the personal views of the author at the moment of writing, reserving the privilege to change them on more mature reflection or in the light of further evidence. With that reservation they may be stated somewhat as follows. Education for the mineral industries falls into two categories; general education and technical vocational, using the word vocational not in its usual sense but to signify preparation for specific activities, in which sense a law school is a vocational school. Even at the beginning, as indicated in the first chapter, mineral industry education was partly general and, partly technical and that relationship still persists, because technical education requires a firm basis of general education. Our general American system is to provide free public' general education through the twelfth grade, or completion of high-school work, though there are already many technical vocational high schools, and even in a community where nearly all the young people are preparing for entrance to college there will be some who wish to qualify for employment at the end of the high-school course, or even on completing junior high. Our educational system, therefore, has not only to provide education for those who intend to proceed beyond the twelfth grade but also for those who, for a variety of reasons, may wish or be forced to cease full-time education at any level between the first and twelfth grades. This study has been chiefly concerned with the problem of what kind and how much technical education to provide for those who have completed the twelfth grade and who wish to make their living in the mineral industries. The obvious fact that the mineral industries employ all sorts of trained persons,

Jan 1, 1941

By Baxter C. Madden

Stress corrosion is defined and certain examples are illustrated. A number of test methods, to determine the resistance of materials to stress corrosion, are being developed at Wright Field. The criterion as to the validity of a method is stated. Three types of specimens and the method of stressing each type are described. Five different corrosive conditions are set forth. The results of tests to date, although too few for any general conclusions to be arrived at, are presented. The program for the continuation of the investigation is indicated. A bibliography is included. The development of the method of loading a cantilever-type specimen, so that a nearly constant stress at a large deflection may be realized, is presented as Appendix I.

Jan 1, 1945

By D. W. Fuerstenau

On page 1243, column 1, the first line of the author's reply should read "D. W. Fuerstenau (author's reply)---," rather than D. E., as printed. In the sentence immediately preceding the first equation (page 1243, column 2)' the word "none" was omitted. The sentence should read: "However, if enough ore is put into the mill [so] that none of the energy put into the mill is wasted on metal-to-metal impact, then the product should have size modulus determined by the relation: ..."

Jan 1, 1961

By A. B. Kinzel

SILICON, unfortunately, is not in the same category as some other metals with respect to the absolute value of the highest purity material prepared. Tucker, in England, and Becket, in this country have devel-oped procedures for the purification of silicon, and Becket's process has made industrially available silicon of a purity of 99.8 per cent or better. However, even the term "silicon metal" may be a paradox to some people, although not more so than the term "amorphous" as applied to silicon. These terms come from commerce, and "metal" is used to distinguish industrially high-purity silicon from ferrosilicon, silicon-aluminum, and other high-silicon alloys. Alloys of iron and silicon with 95 per cent Si or less are known as ferrosilicon, with a designation of silicon content where necessary, and the terns "silicon metal" is invariably applied to the grades containing 96 per cent Si and higher. The Becket method of purification was referred to in a monograph on the Alloys of Iron and Silicon, and the Tucker procedure was described in some detail in that publication.1 In order to get silicon of still higher purity, a sample, prepared by the Becket method, analyzing 99.84 per cent Si, 0.020 Fe, 0.016 Al, 0.005 Ca, 0.025 C, 0.033 per cent 02, 0.006 H2, 0.006 N2, and 0.001 per cent Mn, was crushed to pass a 100-mesh sieve said further purified by a modification of Tucker's procedure. This modification differs from Tucker's method in that after treatment the 100-mesh alloy was centrifuged to remove the last traces of acid. Our directly determined analysis of this purified sample shows: Si, 99.952 per cent; Fe, 0.009; Al, 0.012; Ca, 0.003; C, 0.006; or 99.982 per cent. Silicon by difference equals 99.97 per cent. The variation between silicon by difference and silicon as directly determined is important. Although Tucker mentions the amount of insoluble matter in commercial silicon both before and after his treat-ment, he does not mention the existence of carbon in the alloy; neverthe-less, lie reports silicon by difference. Any final figure as to purity obviously results from agreement between direct determination and

Jan 1, 1939

By A. W. Schlechten, R. F. Doelling

Parkes' process crusts were vacuum distilled using a shortened Pidgeon retort. Zinc was effectively removed below 800°C and recovered as a zinc sheet easily stripped from the furnace liner. Lead dasdistillationazinc required about 950°C and the resulting lead condensate tillationtended to stick to the thin metal liner. Final purity of residue is limited only by nonvolatile metals such as copper. THE successful commercial application of vacuum distillation for the removal of zinc from lead, as described by W. T. Isbell,' raises the question of whether or not a similar method can be used for other metal separations. Preliminary laboratory experiments on the vacuum distillation of Parkes' crusts by one of the authors' gave such encouraging results that it was decided to make a series of tests with large scale equipment to determine the results that might be expected in plant operation. The pilot-plant test results are reported in this paper. The great advantages of vacuum dezincing are its simplicity, the relatively low temperature of operation, and the fact that the zinc is recovered in the metallic state ready for use again in the desilveriza-tion of lead bullion. These same advantages and others would be realized from the vacuum distillation of the zinc-lead-silver crusts made in the Parkes' process. Zinc readily will distill over at temperatures of 800" to 900 °C as contrasted with the 1200°C or more used in the Faber du Faur furnace. Furthermore, the recovery of zinc as metal is practically perfect since there is no loss by oxidation or fuming. If the vacuum distillation is continued and hastened by raising the temperature to around 1000°C, the lead will distill over at an appreciable rate and deposit in a warmer zone of the condenser. This lead will contain a small amount of silver, but it can be returned to the desilverizing kettles and there is not the chance of loss that there is in disposing of the rich litharge from cupelling. The lower temperatures required will mean a saving of fuel and less wear on the equipment. One further point is that the vacuum distillation could be run on a small scale practically continuously, so as to avoid the accumulation of large amounts of silver-rich material and the need of assembling a large crew for special cupellation runs. It should be pointed out here that the final purity of the silver residue will depend on the copper or iron content of the crusts, as these and other metals with low vapor pressure will not be eliminated. The idea of treating the silver-zinc-lead crusts from the desilverization of lead bullion by vacuum distillation is not a new one, but such experiments have not been reported, as far as can be determined. In 1912, T. Turner presented a paper3 before the Institute of Metals on the vacuum distillation of brass, and a member of the audience suggested that he try his method on Parkes' crusts. In 1935, W. J. Kroll, noted for his discovery of debismuthiz-ing lead by calcium additions, published a paper' on vacuum distillation of metals and pointed out possible applications in the lead industry. Principles of Separation The successful separation of two or more metals by distillation depends upon an appreciable difference in the effective vapor pressures of the metals in the alloy to be treated. The vapor pressures of the common metals have been determined with considerable accuracy; for example, at 800°C the vapor pressures of the individual metals which are of particular interest in this paper are about .as follows: Zn, 241 mm; Pb, 0.0553 mm; and Ag, 0.0000276 mm. Unfortunately,, data are not available on the activities of the components in the ternary system Zn-Pb-Ag, but it can be estimated that on the basis of the vapor pressures of the individual metals a good separation can be made by distillation. The preliminary laboratory tests previously mentioned' supported this assumption. The pilot-plant size vacuum distilling furnace is shown in Fig. 1. It consisted of an abbreviated Pidgeon retort, 5 ft long with an ID of 8 in., heated by six silicon carbide elements placed symmetrically

Jan 1, 1952

By AIME AIME

THE list of deaths reported during the year 1904 comprises the following names (the figures in parentheses indicate the year in which the persons named were elected to membership). Honorary Members.-Sir Lowthian Bell, Dr. Thomas M. Drown. Members and Associates.-Jacob Neff Barr (1884), John Walter Best (1899), A. Poyntz Blandy (1903), A. Cass Canfield (1876), William E. Carroll (1901), William E. C. Coxe (1874), Russell W. Davenport (1877), Isidor Davidov (1893), Louis M. Davis (1884), Edward Doerr (1897), Edward M. Ferguson (1878), C. Le Neve Foster (1893), Geo. Clinton Gardner (1878), Wm. J. Harris (1871), Richard P. Heckscher (1893), H. D. Hoskold (1.894), Wm. S. Hungerford (1882), Edwd. K. Landis, (1882), August Lengemann (1902), Wm. M. Lippitt (1900), Henry McCalley (1888), Robert J. McCartney (1897), Arthur McClellan (1871), Arthur S. Mahony (1888), Philip W. Moen (1888), Henry G. Morse (1881), Charles Parkin (1875), Clarence V. Page (1900), Rubens P. Patterson (1886), Henry Paul (1889), W. H. Pettee (1871), James B. Randol (1879), Irving H. Sevier (1904), Win. J. Sims (1902), John H. Slavens (1901), Chas. B. Squier (1886), Chas. W. Stickney (1891), Homer H. Swaney (1903), Walter B. Wilson (1892), Whittaker Wright, The following paragraphs, constituting the concluding portion of the Annual Report of the Council for 1904, have been withheld from publication until now, in order to make them as accurate and complete as possible. Jacob Neff Barr, a mechanical engineer of note, died on May 5, 1904. Being especially interested in railroad work, he invented the Barr contracting-chill process of casting car-wheels,

Jul 1, 1905

By R. P. Marshall, L. P. Costas

The solid solubility of lithium in aluminum was determined by two independent techniques, electrical resistivity and microhardness, and the results are in close agreement. The solubility limits X-ray diffraction studies of the intermetallic compound LiAl indicate that its composition is nearly independent of temperature when in equilibrium with the terminal solid solution of aluminum. THE investigation of the aluminum-rich portion of the aluminum-lithium system at the Savannah River Laboratory was prompted by the observation that over-aged alloys consistently differed from the equilibrium states predicted by the latest published diagrams. Chemical analyses of these alloys showed their impurity contents to be quite low; therefore, the results obtained should have very nearly coincided with true equilibrium. A survey of the literature disclosed that previous studies had been made with metallographicig or electrical resistivity methods,4'5 but that agreement between results and technique was poor as evidenced in Fig. 1, which also includes the present results for comparison. The discrepancies have been attributed to impurities,3 and this is undoubtedly true in the early work.1'4'5 The latest Studies,''~ conducted with starting materials of higher purity, employed metallographic analysis, a technique that is quite sensitive to local homogeneity and depends strongly on subjective interpretation. In the present work the problem of defining solubility limits was approached in two ways. The first measured a physical property, electrical resistivity, at the equilibrium temperature. The second, a micro-hardness characterization of a diffusion zone, is a room temperature evaluation of a mechanical property under conditions removed from equilibrium. A close correlation between two such basically different approaches would strongly justify confidence in the results. I) MEASUREMENT OF SOLUBILITY OF LITHIUM IN ALUMINUM BY ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY Experimental Procedure. Alloys for electrical resistivity measurements were made by melting and

Jan 1, 1962

By AIME AIME

THE Coal Division holds its fall meeting in the Pocahontas coal field, at the West Virginian Hotel, Bluefield, W. Va., Oct. 9 and 10. The first day will be a busy one-two sessions for the presentation of papers and a dinner in the evening. Hon. E. Fudge, Assistant Undersecretary, Mines Department, and R. V. Wheeler, head of the Mines Research Board of Great Britain, will be the guests of the Division. Mr. Wheeler will discuss the British Mining Act as relates to the coal industry. George S. Rice, Chief Mining Engineer, U. S. Bureau of Mines, will present an account of the recent meeting at Buxton in England, of representatives of England, Germany, France, Belgium and the United States to formulate a plan and to correlate research work now in progress in the various countries. The second day the members will be the guests of the operators on a trip through the Pocahontas field. The work of preparation for the meeting is being actively pushed by committees headed by T. H. Clagett, R. M. Lambie and H. D. Smith, and a good attendance, both local and from the general membership of the Division, is anticipated. Because many will make the trip by car the principal automobile as well as rail-road connections to Bluefield are given here. The program for Friday, Oct. 9, follows:

Jan 1, 1931

By A. Faber du Faur

At the request of some of the members to whom I have shown a collection of specimens of sulphur from southern Utah, I herewith present some notes relating to the mines and the method of extracting the sulphur from the ore. In preparing these notes I have borrowed from a paper by Prof. G. vom Rath, published in the Neue Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, vol. i., 1884, dated Salt Lake City, December, 1883. The Cove Creek sulphur-bed, now worked by the Dickert & Myers Sulphur Co., is in Beaver county, near the line of Millard county. It was first discovered by Mr. Ferdinand Dickert in 1869 ; other beds in the same neighborhood mere found by him from 1872 to 1875, making altogether 22 mining claims. The want of railroad communication prevented the early development of these claims; but in 1883 Mr. F. Dickert put up a plant for extracting sulphur from the ore, which proved a perfect success; and in 1885 the property was transferred to a stock company organized under the laws of Utah. The railroad station nearest to the Cove Creek mines is Black Rock, on the Utah Central Railroad, 204 miles south from Salt Lake City, and about 26 miles west of the mines. The road from Black Rock to the mines passes through desert and lava-bed, to the road leading from Kanosh to Beaver, which latter road it joins near Cove Creek fort, a square stone enclosure, erected by the Mormons for protection against the Indians. Cove Creek fort is situated near the eastern limit of a plain bounded on the west at a distance of about 12 miles by the Mineral range, and on the east by the Sulphur mountains, forming part of the Tushar mountains. To the northwest the plain runs into the Sandy desert. About 3 miles from the fort rises a solitary hill about 1000 feet above the

Jan 1, 1888

Rossiter Worthington Raymond, Ph.D., LL. D-1840 to 1918.-Dr. Rossiter W. Raymond, Past President, Honorary Member and Secretary Emeritus, died suddenly of heart failure at his home, 123 Henry'St., Brooklyn, N. Y., on the evening of Tuesday, Dec. 31, 1918. He was one of the founders of the Institute and its second President. A Memorial 'Service will be held on Monday afternoon, Feb. 17. James Douglas.- The Institute suffered a second very severe loss by the death of Dr. James Douglas, Honorary Member, Past President (having served as President for two years), and in three separate respects the greatest benefactor of the Institute: first, in raising funds by volun¬tary subscription and his own personal gifts to pay the Institute's share of the money owed on the land on which the Engineering Societies Build¬ing now stands; second, as original donor to Engineering Societies Library; and third, by his bequest of $100,000 for the maintenance of the library of the American Institute of Mining Engineers. A resolution regarding the death of Dr. Douglas was passed by the Board of Directors and at the meeting of the Institute on Sept. 4, 1918, in Colorado, at which time a memorial service was held in the thea¬ter of the Hotel Broadmoor, attended by about 400 members and guests. A copy of the resolution was prepared and sent to the family. A bronze tablet is now being prepared and will be placed in the Members' Room and unveiled at the February meeting. A biography and portrait of Dr. Douglas was published in the September, 1918, Bulletin. There is also placed in the Engineering Societies Library an oil portrait of Dr. Douglas which had his own approval and was presented by him. American Institute of Metals.--During the Spring of the year, plans were completed with the American Institute of Metals whereby this society became the Institute of Metals Division of the American Insti¬tute of Mining Engineers. This body was a dignified aggregation of metallurgists which had been in existence for about 11 years. A bronze tablet commemorating the American Institute of Metals is now being placed in the Members' Room of the Institute, and during the year 1919 the Bulletin will bear the following title: "Bulletin of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, with which is consolidated the American Institute of Metals." Visits to Local Sections.-During the year President Jennings made visits to six of the Local Sections, on three of which occasions he was accompanied by the First Vice-president and the Secretary. First Vice-president Goodale made five visitations and the Secretary made eight.

Jan 1, 1923

By W. M. Small

From the one producing well in Austria, 7000 bbl. of heavy oil was produced and sold in 1933. This well, owned by the Raky-Danubia, was completed late in 1932 in the formation called Flysch (Upper Cretaceous or lower Eocene) near Zistersdorf north of Vienna. Two wildcats drilling in the vicinity have not yet reached the producing beds. Near Vienna, the European Gas and Electric Co. drilled five shallow wells for gas, three of which were failures. One gas well was completed for 8 million cu. ft. capacity at 260 meters depth and with a pressure of 570 lb. Another is being tested following blowouts. One gas well and one dry hole were completed in the pool in 1932. In Upper Austria, the same company abandoned one wildcat at 679 m. and is drilling at 280 m. on a second. No gas was sold during the year, but a line is being completed to supply fuel to boilers of the Vienna Electric Works. Hungary No deep drilling was done in 1933. Oil and gas concession was granted by Parliament to the European Gas and Electric Co. on Trans-danubia. Active geological and geophysical investigation is in progress. Czechoslovakia In the Gbely and Hodonin shallow fields, some 26 wells were drilled of which three were reported as failures. The total production of the fields was 111,736 bbl. of oil and 40 million cu. ft. of gas used as fuel in the field. At Vacenovice, where there were already two small gas wells, a third producer was completed at 420 m. This pool markets a small amount of gas, which is compressed and used to light railway carriages. Wildcat wells were reported drilling at about 300 m. depth at both Jasina and Telnice. One 700-ni. wildcat near the Hodonin field was abandoned. Another failure was reported completed and abandoned at 820 m. near Holic.

Jan 1, 1934

By H. C. George

As the basis for a round table discussion of Petroleum Engineering Education for the February, 1930, meeting of the Petroleum Division, A. I. M. E., the following questions were sent to about 60 of the leading engineers and educators in the petroleum industry: 1. Should there be any changes in the curricula of our courses in petroleum engineering to meet the changing demands of the Industry? If so, what changes?] 2. Should courses in petroleum engineering be offered through university extension? 3. Should the universities offer correspondence courses in petroleum engineering? 4. What should be the character of the graduate work offered in petroleum production engineering? 5. Should summer work in the oil fields, on pipe lines, or in oil refineries be required of undergraduates? If so, how much and of what character? The following men replied to the questions: G. B. Corless, Humble Oil & Refining Co., Houston, Texas. J. R. McWilliams, Skelly Oil Co., Tulsa, Okla. W. W. Scott, Humble Oil & Refining Co., Houston, Texas. H. H. Power, Gypsy Oil Co., Tulsa, Okla. L. G. E. Bignell, Oil K. Gas Journal, Tulsa, Okla. E. L. Estabrook, Pan American Petroleum & Transport Co., New York, N. Y. F. P. Donohue, Pan American Petroleum & Transport Co., New York, N. Y. C. 0. Rison, lndian Territory Illuminating Oil Co., Bartlesville, Okla. L. B. Holland, Phillips Petroleum Co., Bartlesville, Okla. H. J. Kemler, Shell Petroleum Corpn., St. Louis, Mo. C. A. Bonine, Pennsylvania State College, State College, Pa. J. 0. Lewis, Dunn & Lewis, Tulsa, Okla. A. G. Heggem, Tulsa, Okla. J. M. Lovejoy, Petroleum Bond & Share Corpn., New York, N. Y. B. B. Boatright, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colo. A. C. Ruble, Union Oil Co. of California, Los Angeles, Calif. J. B. Umpleby, Goldelline Oil Corpn., Oklahoma City, Okla. R. S. Knappen, Gypsy Oil Co., Tulsa, Okla. K. C. Heald, Gulf Companies, Pittsburgh, Pa. K. C. Sclater, Exchange National Bank Bldg., Tulsa, Okla. F. G. Tickell, Stanford University, Stanford University, Calif.

Jan 1, 1930