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By V. Songmene, A. Tahan, J. P. Michaud

The machining of thin wall parts, often used in the aeronautical industry still creates a number of problems, including panel deformation. Quality and productivity are often affected. This study seeks to determine the optimal conditions for cutting in order to guarantee a competitive fabrication of parts while still maintaining quality and delivery deadlines. The studied model (Spar) is a typical structural part used in the assembly of airplane wings. The main objective of this study was to improve two performance aspects: surface quality finish (quality criteria) and the rate of cutting by stock removal (economic criteria). To achieve this objective, we used an evaluation process of the geometrical error issuing from the machine-tool. We also determined the stability zones of the machine-tool's dynamic system. Finally, a series of high-speed machining tests (finishing cuts) were conducted using an experimental structured approach (16 000 - 24 000 rpm). Profile measures of surface roughness and cycle times registered during trials allowed us to establish optimal cutting conditions. Surface roughness improved as well as cutting by stock removal. Four parameters were taken into consideration: axial depth of cut, chip load, spindle speed, and cutting fluid. Finally, the influence of the type of cutting fluid was evaluated to show that it did not significantly affect machining results.

Jan 1, 2006

By W. N. Hamilton

Industrial minerals are plentiful in Alberta. Although exi ting in variety and in quantity, they constitute a minor segment of the province's mineral industry, which is based on oil and gas. In 1983 Alberta led all the other provinces in value of mineral production with a total of $22,2 18 million, 62 per cent of the total for Canada. Of Alberta's total, $22 million or about 3 per cent came from the indu trial minerals. Nearly two-third of this production is accounted for by sulphur, which is actually a by-product of the oil and ga industry. Alberta ranked third among the province in industrial minerals production for 1983, with about 20 per cent of the national total.

Jan 1, 1984

By S. Shimaya, T. Maejima, M. Shimo

"The authors conducted the in-situ gas-tightness tests in a fractured rock at the Namikata underground LPG storage site in Ehime prefecture, Japan. The test consisted of two independent setups, a gas-tightness test that used boreholes, and a chamber-scale test that used a horizontal drift sealed with a concrete plug. In each test, the gas pressure was increased up to the onset of the measurable gas flow to obtain the maximum containment pressure. This paper discusses the hydraulic conditions for gas leakage initiation and the importance of the pore pressure measurement for monitoring the gas-tightness of the LPG storage cavern based on the test results.INTRODUCTIONJapanese first underground LPG storage plant was constructed by JOGMEC, the Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation, at Namikata in Ehime prefecture in granitic rocks (Kato et al., 2007). The “hydraulic sealing principle” (Åberg, 1977) that utilizes groundwater flow into an unlined cavern to prevent the leakage of gas through fractures in the surrounding rock mass was employed for storage of LPG. This paper describes the results of the in-situ tests performed at the Namikata Site to obtain information on fundamental gas-tightness characteristics of fractured rock. Two types of in-situ tests, a borehole gas-tightness test and a chamber gas-tightness test, were carried out near the storage caverns. Figure 1 shows the cavern layout of the Namikata underground storage plant and the test locations. The storage facilities consist of three caverns (W26m×H30m×L485m). The cavern crown lies at a depth of 150m below the sea level in Cretaceous granitic rock (Figure 1). Water curtain boreholes excavated from the water gallery tunnel at EL-125m level are located above and side of the caverns to prevent water drainage from fractures during the construction stage as well as during operation. The borehole tests were performed from a drilling adit excavated from the eastern end water gallery tunnel, while the chamber test was conducted at the southern edge of an exploratory drift extending from the central water gallery tunnel."

Jan 1, 2015

By Eduardo A. Pérez, Alejandro R. Alonso, Rosa María Luna-Sánchez, Gretchen T. Lapidus

Rare earth elements have been widely used in various sectors, from the aerospace and steel industries, to electronic applications, particularly in displays and batteries for portable devices. The high demand for newer and better equipment, such as cell phones, tablets and lap tops, has increased the consumption of the rare earth elements and at the same time the need for its recovery from electronic wastes. For that reason, the recycling of batteries is important, principally the Ni-HM batteries, due to their elevated content of rare earths elements, in addition to the high concentrations of cobalt and nickel. The current processes are based on dissolution in strong acid solutions (sulfuric acid concentrations from 2 to 4 mol/L), and temperatures from 30 to 90°C. In the present work, electrodes from spent Ni-HM batteries were leached using 1 mol/L H2SO4, in the presence of ozone as the oxidant, where recoveries of 96% for La, Ce and Nd were obtained at room temperature. The separation of Ni and Co from the leach solutions was performed using an electrochemical reactor, after which rare earth elements were precipitated, obtaining a mixture of its hydroxides with impurities below 1%, according to EDS analysis.

Jan 1, 2014

By R. Heikkilä

In this paper the utilisation of building information models (BIM) and construction automation on building sites is discussed. A lot of research has been carried out to develop new applications for using BIM to assist construction site planning, different operations and logistics. The methods of production control and management on site utilize BIM together with machine control and navigation systems. In Finland machine control systems and the automation of construction equipment is widely used in infrastructure construction. Recently similar methods have been introduced also in building construction. This paper describes some latest Finnish examples where BIM-software is used for the planning, execution and control of building construction operations. University of Oulu has studied methods and technologies to capitalize BIM-models. The research has been mainly in infrastructure construction but the activities have recently been extended to building construction. In this paper a BIM-based tower crane operation and control system is discussed as a case study. The aim of this study was to highlight the potential areas were automation can increase the crane productivity and improve site operations and logistics. The construction site managers and tower crane operators interviewed in this study were experienced in using BIM-models on site.

Aug 1, 2013

By Karl J. C. Harries

"4.1. INTRODUCTIONThis chapter, although divided into four parts, deals with only two principal topics. The first briefly describes and discusses some common types of property interests and considerations relating to them and the second deals with entering upon privately owned lands and obtaining the consent to do so.It should be noted that the terms “mining rights” and “mineral rights” are used interchangeably. As so used, they include the right to exploit the minerals and dispose of them for the benefit of the owner/lessee. This is relatively common in common law jurisdictions. In some jurisdictions, the two terms have distinct meanings, with “mining rights” referring to the right to work or exploit the minerals and “mineral rights” referring to the minerals themselves.Finally, it must be mentioned that the comments in the Introduction and §§ 4.2., 4.3. and 4.4. are based primarily upon Ontario law and Ontario’s mining and real property systems of registration. They have been included for illustrative purposes.4.2. LICENCES, CLAIMS, AND LEASESIn most jurisdictions, there are several basic types of interests that can be obtained from the state for mining purposes and that are of interest to the explorationist, as opposed to the operator. Different jurisdictions will have variations of these and possibly some extra ones that will address special purposes or local concerns. In virtually every jurisdiction, privately owned property rights are obtained through negotiation between owner and acquiror.Exploration or prospecting licence. This licence grants to the holder the right to prospect over a large tract of land and the exclusive right to acquire mining claims within that tract for the term of the licence. Such licences are usually negotiated documents requiring a minimum expenditure during the first year (often secured by a deposit or surety bond) and minimum annual expenditures thereafter to continue the licence in force up to its full term. The term will rarely exceed four years. The number of claims permitted to be staked will be limited in some way, possibly as to a maximum aggregate area or a maximum number of claims per annum. It is normal for the holder to have to drop part of the licensed area each year, so that the area shrinks annually, although exploration expenditure requirements will usually increase.These types of licences are usually used by governments to encourage exploration of otherwise unattractive or remote areas, such as the far northern parts of some of Canada’s provinces. They do not grant any real property interest in the area for which they are issued, and they will be subject to any claims or property rights that exist in the area. They are contracts with the state that grant certain exclusive rights in return for commitments to carry out work. They may or may not be specifically authorized by statute."

Jan 1, 2003

By Ahmad Ghahreman, Denver Cowan, Yeonuk Choi

"Testwork was conducted in order to compare the effectiveness of carbon based catalysts while oxidizing a gold-bearing pyrite concentrate under atmospheric conditions. Without the use of a catalyst the oxidation of pyrite was incomplete after 96 hours, resulting in roughly 60% pyrite oxidation. Furthermore the resulting sulphate yield from unassisted pyrite oxidation ranged between 72 and 84%. It is evident that atmospheric oxidation of pyrite is not viable due to slow oxidation kinetics and high sulphuric acid production when using a ferric sulphate media without a catalyst. The effect of two different carbon based catalysts, one Lewatit® AF 5 a new microporous carbonaceous bead, and the second a granular coconut shell based activated carbon, were tested under the same oxidation conditions as the unassisted pyrite tests. After 96 hours, Lewatit® AF 5 assisted oxidation showed approximately 96% pyrite oxidation with a sulphate yield ranging between 26 and 35%, while the activated carbon assisted oxidation reached approximately 100% pyrite oxidation with a sulphate yield between 36 and 37%. Testwork indicated that not only does the addition of a carbon based catalyst greatly improve the oxidation kinetics and lead to almost complete oxidation, the sulphate yield is also drastically reduced, resulting in very high elemental sulphur yields.INTRODUCTION Pyrite is an important sulphide mineral due to its ability to contain invisible gold concentrations up to 132 g/t (Chryssoulis & Cabri, 1990). As a result, ores composed of only a small amount of pyrite still have the ability to contain high gold grades. This refractory gold cannot be accessed via conventional gold leaching processes, such as cyanidation, and additional oxidative pre-treatment is required to liberate the gold, making it more amenable to extraction (Marsden & House, 2006). Current oxidative pre-treatments do exist consisting of both pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes including high temperature and high pressure leaching within autoclaves, biological atmospheric leaching and roasting. Autoclaves are a proven process reaching desirable recoveries within approximately a 1–2 hour retention time, due to the increased temperatures and pressures, allowing for an increase in dissolved oxygen (Marsden & House, 2006). The typical reaction for pyrite oxidation within autoclaves is presented in Equations 1, 2 and 3."

Jan 1, 2017

By Pierre Buteau

Peat/ands distribution in Canada is widely spread thoughout the country and corresponds to a wide spectrum of wetland habitats which overlay peat deposits. The development and the evolution ofpeat/ands and peat deposits are closely linked together, since the vegetal remains of the peat deposits originate from the peatland habitats, and the peatland habitats constitute a response to many factors, including the properties of the substrate, which are the peat deposits. Peat/ands are defined as waterlogged terrains where the production of plant materials usually exceeds the rate of decomposition. The underlying peat deposits consists of organic residues associated to peatland vegetation, more or less decomposed, built up and kept under anaerobic conditions. Peat/ands evolution and distribution are determined primarily by climatic factors, but also by the geomorphology and edaphic conditions. All of these create particular hydrodynamical environments which will vary according to different regional settings, and sequentially to an evolutive time frame.

Jan 1, 2001

By G. C. Hambleton

"The author has had wide experience in the reclamation of coal from coal mine waste dumps in the United Kingdom.The paper includes such topics as the processing decision and factors affecting processability; method of testing and appraisal; test data interpretation; historical influences in apppraisal; special contaminants and processing difficulties; methods of treatment; review of systems in use and their comparative economics; over-all system economics including excavation, handling methods, recovery system and shale disposal; effluent treatment; environmental considerations; alternatives to processing for coal recovery; light aggregate and cement usage; burned shale heaps; land reclamation; shale deposition for encouragement of vegetation by natural or artificial means; use of tailings fines; the environmental argument for action."

Jan 1, 1972

By Julian V. Simela

Conventional methods of underground surveying use theodolites/total stations and 3D laser scanners to obtain information about the underground environment. Current methods of geo-referencing these instruments to a mine reference system include triangulation, trilateration and resection. However, despite technological advancements, surveying procedures have remained slow, laborious and relatively unchanged during the last half-century. Recent innovations in the robotics community have shown that automated mapping of underground mining tunnels can be undertaken using 2D/3D laser scanners. These techniques have the potential to, in turn, improve upon current underground surveying and mapping methods. Automating surveying and mapping using current surveying tools without changing the setting up procedures or removing current constraints, or even changing the type of equipment used, does not change the status quo. The problem of moving from a static, tripod based surveying and mapping system to an unconstrained mobile surveying and mapping system is the subject of this paper. A current challenge for automated mapping is the ability to automatically geo-reference a mobile mapping system to a mine reference system. For a mobile mapping system that uses a horizontally mounted 2D laser scanner to gather data of the underground environment, the challenge of determining its position and orientation within the mine environment is magnified even more. This paper introduces Mobile Automated Scanner Triangulateration (MAST), a technique under development at Queen?s that is designed to geo-reference a mobile mapping system to a mine reference system for the purposes of underground mine surveying. MAST quickly and automatically determines scanner 2D position and orientation (azimuth) in a mine reference frame by using minimal human input.

Aug 1, 2013

By O. G. Olvera, D. G. Dixon, E. Asselin, L. S. Quiroz

Dissolution rates of chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) were calculated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The calculated dissolution rate decreased by a factor of 3.2 after the electrode was passivated. The results presented in this work indicate that the reduction of Fe3+ was the rate-controlling step for fresh CuFeS2 electrodes while the transport of cations within the passive film limited the dissolution rate for the passivated electrode. The transfer of cations at the electrode/electrolyte and passive film/electrolyte interfaces did not affect the dissolution rates of the fresh and passivated CuFeS2 electrodes, respectively. The catalytic effect of pyrite (FeS2) on the dissolution of CuFeS2 continued after the passivating treatment. The contact of fresh and passivated CuFeS2 electrodes with different FeS2 particles resulted in increased dissolution rates, due to an increase in the reduction rate of Fe3+.

Jan 1, 2014

By Robert Maquil, Gilles Didier, Walter Steiner

"The 1580 m long dual-tube motorway tunnel Markusberg near Schengen, Luxembourg experiences strong swelling phenomena in each tube related to a 35 m wide diagonally crossing rock layer, some150 to 200m from the east portals. Overburden over the roadway is 26 to 30 meters. Tunnel construction started in 1998 and the tunnel was opened in 2003. The tunnel was driven downgrade from the West, the heave phenomenon started to occur as the tunnel approached completion. No indications of the presence of anhydrite and dissolved sulphates were known prior to tunnelling. Water samples had been taken from the beginning of construction and the concentration of anions and cat ions determined. Sulfate content was substantial, in one well it reached 22 mg/l, this high concentration requires the presence of other ions, in particular sodium and chlorine. Based on the knowledge at the time of construction heaving ground was removed from the tunnel invert and a free space was left below the roadway that is covered by a transversely spanned slab. In addition a series of posttensioned tiebacks were installed below the sidewalls. The void left in 2003 was 1.7m high and closed to less than 0.5 meters in 2007 then it became necessary to widen the free space. A central trench was dug with a height of about 2.5 meters and the benches were lowered.Level surveying had been carried out since 2002. In 2006 two extensometers were installed, one in the zone of strongest heave, the second at the edge of the swelling zone. The extensometer in the center of the swelling zone indicated heave with an essential constant rate with seasonal variations, the heave is concentrated in layer from 2 to 5 meters that heaved by nearly 300 millimeters within 5 years or 60 mm/year, which equals to approx. 1% extension per year. At the abutments heave rates of 20 mm/year where the support resistance is higher were observed. With data from other case histories a relation of heave rate with support resistance was established. Based on the numerous field observations hypotheses for the complex in-situ swelling processes, involving rock mechanics, mineralogical, soil mechanics and hydrogeological aspects were developed"

Jan 1, 2015

By V. S. Melamud, A. G. Bulaev

"Sulfide ore processing is characterized by significant losses of metals, for example, with flotation tailings. Therefore, flotation tailings can present an important source of metals. The treatment of flotation tailings is a technological issue due to low content of valuable metals (e.g. copper and zinc) and high iron content. The goal of the present work was to investigate extraction of base metals and gold from old flotation tailings containing 17% iron, 0.26% copper, 0.22% zinc, and 0.7 g/t gold. Chemical leaching in columns with 0.5 to 10% sulfuric acid solutions and bioleaching in air-lift percolators were used for the extraction of base metals. 1% H2SO4 provided high extraction of base metals and best selectivity. Recovery of copper and zinc reached 35% and 40%. Increasing H2SO4 concentration did not lead to significant increase in base metals extraction, but led to increased iron concentration in the pregnant solutions. The 1% H2SO4 leaching solid residues were used for further experiments. Acid leaching and bioleaching did not result in significant increase in base metals recovery. Leaching of the residue with 10% H2SO4 provided extraction of 4% copper and 20% zinc, and bioleaching for 100 days provided extraction of 16% copper and 12% zinc. The recovery of gold by cyanidation from the flotation tailings, the 1% H2SO4 leaching solid residue and residue of two-step acid leaching were 50, 49, and 65%, respectively. The results suggest that acid leaching can be effective approach for treatment of old flotation tailings.INTRODUCTIONAbout 80% of base metals (copper, nickel, zinc) are produced through pyrometallurgical treatment of sulfide ores. Mining and metallurgical treatments of sulfide ores are presently characterized by significant losses of non-ferrous and precious metals into the various wastes. For example, flotation of sulfidic ores yields formation sulfide flotation tailings. These wastes pose a problem not just because of their sheer volume, but some of them may affect local ecosystems. Nowadays, mining and metallurgical wastes can be considered as technogenical source of base metals."

Jan 1, 2016

By Stanley G. Butcher

"The methods generally applied to predict performance and financially evaluate beneficiation options are reviewed.Typical costs f or a western Canadian thermal coal operation are examined. Preparation-from truck dump to loadout-frequently amounts 10 over a quarter of total minesite costs. Failure to achieve projected yield-whether caused by mine or plant problems-s-substantially increases production costs because more coal has 10 he mined to meet a specific market demand. Problem identification by mass/ash balances is recommended.Thorough characterization of the coal and associated waste materials and more reliable prediction of beneficiation process performance are therefore essential to determine a project 's financial viability.IntroductionWestern Canadian coal prep a ration plant capacity is partway through a massive expansion program . In 198 1 potential product ion was 14 million tonnes, by 1985 it will be 26 million tonnes per year. Only two years ago the industry was concerned whether it could sustain this rate of growth to meet market demands : now with diminished market demand and lower coal prices being offered by our international competitors there are doubts whether t his potential will be fully employed , even by 1990.One direct consequence o f the occurrence of a variety of coals in a stunningly beautiful but complex geo logical setting such as the Rocky Mountains and their Foothills is that each project is unique. Coal is a low value per tonne product. To supply distant markets from geographically isolated deposit s necessitates expensive , dedicated , infrastructure . T o be profitable these operations must achieve eve ry advantage of the economy of scale.Each of the mi ne complexes commissioned in the 1970s experienced severe problems in the area o f co a l preparation . Most bought their way out , paying for major plant modifications by increasing the scale of their total operation . The current market recession may not allow new operations this route to profitability.The objective of this paper is to illustrate the economic impact of coal preparation problems on the profitability o f the total minesite operation and thus provide a sound basis for decision making process."

Jan 1, 1985

By Gavin A. Hunt

In order for mines to operate profitably throughout their life it is important to monitor and maximise ore recovery. A common problem facing many mines is the underestimation of clay type and its distribution in ore at the mine face, blast hole or in the ore stockpile. Too much clay entering the heap leach ore stream for example causes a dramatic reduction in heap leach efficacy and or increased leaching times. The end result is poor leaching performance and much reduced metal production. Poor clay identification and quantification is attributable to many factors, including costly and slow off-site mineral analysis techniques, such as XRD, XRF and petrology, the visual and subjective limitations of the core logging geologist and a lack of suitable low cost, high throughput mineral logging instruments. To get round these problems a new, non-contact, imaging spectrometer - the SpecCam - was developed by Spectra-Map Ltd, to allow high throughput identification and quantification of minerals from mineable material. Its novel imaging design can collect millions of data points (pixels) per day; each pixel contains spectral information that allows a wide variety of mineral types, including the smectite and illite clays, and phyllosilicates such as talc and kaolin, to be identified. Because all the ore can be imaged a much more reliable mineral log can be made. Hence, mapping changes in mineral composition - related to variations in phenocrysts, macrocrysts, veining or wall rock - is possible. Examples of SpecCam data from Goldfields Cerro Corona Porphyry stockpile and from Rio Tinto?s Argyle Diamond mine illustrate the mineral identification and quantification capabilities of the SpecCam. More importantly, for the first time very accurate % abundances for the different minerals can be obtained using an image-based modal count technique. The modular design of the camera, plus its extremely flexible high speed filter, mean that the SpecCam can be easily installed on different equipment, each one suited to different ore recovery problems. For example the SpecCam can be used on an automated portable logging frame to measure drill core, RC chips, hand samples or powder, or alternatively installed on a Geotek multi-sensor core logger for high-throughput, automated logging of drill or blast hole core using co-registered multi-sensor data. An exciting recent development has been the installation of the SpecCam on CommoDas ore sorting equipment, used around the world for 24 hour mill-feed monitoring and automatic ore sorting. Real-time ore sorting decisions can be made as material is monitored on a conveyor belt running at 3m s-1, from which the ore can be automatically sorted into high-grade, low-grade or waste streams for example. The three installation options for the SpecCam mean that most mineral analysis and automated core logging or ore monitoring needs can be met at the mine. For the first time rapid and automatic mineral identification and accurate quantification can be made. All of which allow the mine geologist or metallurgist to make important decisions about maximising the metal recovery process.

May 1, 2007

By H. A. ?ye

The ISO TC 226 (Materials for the production of primary aluminium) has presently issued more than one hundred standards on the materials: alumina, pitch, petroleum coke, carbon anodes, carbon cathodes, ramming paste, fluorides and refractory). The object of the standardization work is to find methods that both material producers and smelters will accept. Methods that are specific for the operational conditions have been developed in addition to more traditional room temperature methods. Examples of important properties under operational conditions are: Air and C02 reactivity of anodes, Equivalent temperature for baked anodes, Sodium expansion of cathode blocks, Shrinkage and Rammability of paste, Penetration of electrolyte into refractories.

Jan 1, 2006

By Himanshu Dehra

The pre-fabricated outdoor rooms are often utilised near the mines and construction sites for office purposes. The paper has presented modelling and simulation results of the integration of commercially available glass coated photovoltaic (PV) energy technology and solar ventilation technology into a pre-fabricated outdoor room. The pre-fabricated outdoor room has been setup at Concordia University, Montréal for full scale testing of the glass coated PV modules with solar air ventilation. The computer simulation model has been developed for PV modules installed on a double wall wooden frame in an outdoor room based on its preliminary field testing. The testing apparatus was a wooden frame assembly of double wall with solar air ventilation: two adjacent glass coated PV modules, air column and plywood board filled with polystyrene. The measurement data collected from various sensors were: solar intensity, ambient air temperature, room air temperature, electric power, surface temperatures of PV modules and plywood board, air velocities and air temperatures in the air column. The enhancement in the air velocity of the air column was achieved with an exhaust fan fixed in an outdoor room. The simulation model is used to perform the two dimensional energy analyses with applied one dimensional solution of steady state heat conduction equations. The simulation model is based on conjugate heat exchange paths with network boundary conditions of convection, radiation heat exchange and solar air ventilation heat transport. The model parameters are based on measured values of ambient air temperature, room air temperature, air velocity at outlet of air column in double wall, electric power and available solar intensity. The model has predicted fairly well energy performance of glass coated PV modules with solar air ventilation installed on a wooden frame. The model is also useful for predicting heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) requirements for the pre-fabricated outdoor rooms.

May 1, 2007

By G. V. Sirianni, G. E. Viens, R. A. Campbell, G. N. Banks, R. L. Sachdeva

"A combined shaft-electric furnace for the smelting of ores and the melting of metallized iron pellets is being developed. The materials are preheated, and in some cases pre-reduced, in the shaft before being transferred to the electric furnace, where melting or smelting is completed. It has been demonstrated that this combination of equipment will enable much of the relatively expensive electrical energy to be replaced by cheaper energy in the form of oil or natural gas, and preliminary experiments indicate that the total energy requirements for a melting or smelting operation are significantly reduced. Projections based on results obtained from the preliminary experiments indicate that further improvements will be possible when certain modifications to the equipment are completed."

Jan 1, 1968

By H. Hitchen

THE PURPOSE of this paper is to indicate the working capacity of different types of ropes for various engineering and mining duties. ROPE CONSTRUCTIONS There are approximately one hundred different designs of ropes in use today but, normally, only about ten are necessary for mining and engineering duties. The rest are designed for unusual equipments, or are different ways of combining wires of special shapes. Basically, the various designs of mining ropes consist of round, triangular, and oval strands, constructed with one or several layers of wire over a single wire, or a compound construction of sever.al wires. To suit different installations ropes are made with 3, 4, 5, or more of these types of strands over a central core, the ?co re itself being manufactured from either a fibrous material or a combination of steel wires. Nevertheless, in mining, the demand for 'locked coil rope', wl1ich may be considered as a single strand, is steadily increasing, especially for use on vertical shaft winding engines. So far as the locked coil rope is concerned, many constructions have been developed to suit different requirements, such as - in addition to winding ropes - aerial carrying Topes, shaft guide ropes and haulage ropes.

Jan 1, 1957

By Min-Sung Kang

Excavation and earthmoving equipment mostly operate in accident-prone areas. These areas normally have rollover, confinement, and fall or may be considered harmful work areas due to demolitions and sewage removals. It is inevitable that excavation and earthmoving systems should be developed to secure the safety of operators through unmanned and remote control systems. Therefore, this research proposes a system that enables excavators to be unmanned and remote controlled without any renovation, remodeling, change, or transformation by applying attachable and separable mechanism and modules. Moreover, this research proposes the sensor module to evaluate the dynamic status without processing remodeling or transformation the existing hydraulic drive excavation system by adopting the easy attachable and separable mechanism. The study verifies this proposal based on observed possibility and feasibility through the experiments.

Aug 1, 2013