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The following is an incomplete list of members and guests who called at Institute headquarters during the period July 11, 1918 to August 11, 1918. John Carter Anderson, Tucson, Ariz. Edson S. Pettis, San Francisco, Cal. Lieut. Frank A. Ayer, Tyrone, N. M. Wm. H. Rettie, Yonkers, N. Y. W. R. Canton, McGill, Nev. J. T. Robertson, Port Richmond, S. I. Alden Crankshaw, Palmerton, Pa. Harry O. Robinson, Margarita, John Davenport, W. Norfolk, Va. Venezuela. A. Faison Dickson. C. K. Seng, Gilbert, Minn. F. A. Fahrenwald, Cleveland, C). E. S. Sheffield. L. Hall Goodwin, New York. H. G. Smith. W. H. W. Hamilton, Baker, Ore. Harry M. Spoor. Floyd D. James, St. Louis, Mo. H. H. Stoek, Urbana, Ill. George A. Laird. Arthur L. Tuttle, Copperhill, Tenn. J. W. McBride, Spokane, Wash. Thor Warner, Phoenix, Ariz. Arthur Notman, Bisbee, Ariz. Christopher G. Atwater, Manager Agricultural Dept., The Barrett Co., is in Washington serving the U. S. Navy Bureau of ordnance in connection with the Navy nitrate plant recently authorized by Congress. Edward Ludlam Blossom announces his marriage to Mabel Townsend, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. George Comings Mills, on Wednesday, July 17, 1918, at New York City.

Jan 9, 1918

By R. W. M. Lai

INTRODUCTION Manganese nodules were first discovered by the H.M.S. CHALLENGER expedition of 1873-76 and have engaged the interest of oceanographers and natural resources engineers ever since (1-4). Manganese nodules, some of them as large as grapefruit, cover vast stretches of the ocean floor throughout many parts of the world. In some areas the ocean floor is literally paved with nodules. The Pacific Ocean alone is estimated to contain 1.5 trillion tons of nodules which are forming at the rate of about 10 million tons per year (2). An analysis of the principal metal values for Pacific Ocean nodules is shown in Table I (5). [ ] The principal ingredients of the nodules are manganese and iron, but they also contain other important associated metal values such as copper, nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum. These associated metal values,

Jan 1, 1980

EUGENE WESLEY SHAW,* Washington, D. C. (written discussion ?).-Studies of the probable future production of oil wells and fields-particularly those in the nature of the recent work by Lewis and Beal, having the object of increasing the percentage of recovery-rank, in both practical and theoretic value, very high, if indeed they do not outrank all other petroleum investigations except structural surveys. Even such surveys, although saving untold millions that might have been spent in prospecting unpromising territory, may have less ultimate value than generally supposed, for it may perhaps be argued that much if not most of the condemned territory will sooner or later be tested-some is already productive-and the most that can be rightly claimed is the recovery of cream first; also that the consumption of the richest portions first cannot be extenuated, as it might with some resources, on the ground that if the best is not taken now it will deteriorate.

Jan 5, 1918

By L. J. Erck, T. E. Ban

A discussion of laboratory procedures used to determine pellet quality and to simulate handling and firing conditions. Strength- temperature relationships in pelletizing; effect of chemical additives on agglomeration; and crushing, abrasion, and impact resistance of the pelletized products are discussed with respect to five different iron ore concentrates.

Jan 8, 1953

By Robert T. Hill

PHYSIOGRAPHICALLY, Mexico provinces, which are, in a manner, distinct economic areas. These may be denominated, (1) the Gulf coastal plain; (2) the Cordilleran plateau; (3) the Sonoran, and (4) the Tehuantepecan province. Fig. 1 shows the approximate boundaries of these provinces. The first is the continuation of the coastal plain of Texas and the Gulf region in general, which, except for prospective oil and lignite, has little of interest for the mining engineer.

Jan 1, 1902

By A. C. Dorenfeld

CHANGES in circuits are often made in milling operations. At the same time that these changes are being evaluated the ores are changing. Even from the same mine, the ore is usually variable as to amount and type of mineral content, degree of association of valuable and gangue minerals, amount and types of soluble salts, hardness, etc. The question then arises whether any small differences in results, after changes have been made in the various circuits, are really due to these changes or whether the variability of the ore can account for those differences. Statistical evaluation provides one method of answering the question that arises so often in beneficiation studies: Did changed results come about because of changed process, or did ore variation cause the change? In this case, data were available for statistical analysis from an operating period of 42 months, representing treatment of approximately 1 million tons of ore. During this period there had been two flowsheet changes: 1) regrind of the zinc circuit middlings was introduced, and 2) alcohol- pine oil frother mixture was substituted for cresylic acid-pine oil frother mixture. Findings are in Table I.

Jan 10, 1954

By L. Edeleanu

Crude petroleum is a mixture of various groups of hydrocarbons and some bodies containing oxygen or sulphur.

Jan 1, 1915

By Joseph D. Weeks

The primary problems of civilization are material ones; their answers are writ in fire. When these problems in their higher aspects have pressed for solution, it has been out of the burning bush that the Divine voice has spoken, or in the cloud and smoke that the Divine finger has traced the rules by which these problems shall be solved. It is with the material problems, however, that we, as engineers, have to deal.

Jan 1, 1896

By Jack Parker, Gonzalo Barrientos

The most realistic mine pillar design is based on observations and measurements in situ. Low-cost reliable instrumentation has made this approach possible. At the White Pine mine, with its thousands of pillars of all shapes and sizes under all kinds of loading conditions, practical pillar design criteria have been developed. The pressure arch theory is explained and work in two test panels o f the mine is described. The pressure arch mechanism, which relies on lateral stress for support, can be applied to puzzling roof and pillar conditions in other mines.

Jan 1, 1975

By Thomas Egleston

The adoption of the regenerative principle for burning fire-bricks, pottery, etc., has been delayed beyond what would naturally have been expected, because there bas been until recently little necessity for high heat in burning such material. But the introduction of pro-

Jan 1, 1887

By J. D. Price, W. M. Bertholf

THE central washing plant of the Colorado Fuel & Iron Corp. was first operated in 1918 to furnish coal for two 60-oven batteries of Koppers design. Prior to that time the coke for the blast furnaces had been secured from a number of beehive operations, some with their own washeries. The original washery had four Elmore jigs, which did not do as well as had been expected. In 1923 the jigs were taken out and replaced by Deister Plat-O tables, with various changes in auxiliary equipment. In 1936 the throughput of the plant was considerably increased by the installation of vibrating filters for recovery and drying of fine coal, thereby reducing a large recirculating load of fine coal which passed through the screens of the Carpenter driers.

Jan 12, 1954

Jan 12, 1950

Jan 1, 1915

By Michael B. Moolman

Both conventional and nonconventional process alternatives for gold recovery from cyanide heap leach solutions are discussed in terms of possible flowsheets. Conventional process alternatives include carbon adsorption and zinc dust precipitation, while nonconventional process alternatives include resin ion exchange, solvent extraction, and direct electrowinning. These strategies for gold recovery are compared on the basis of technological features and on the basis of process economics: Review of the technology status and process economics suggests that improvements for conventional process alternatives are possible and that further development of nonconventional process alternatives is warranted.

Jan 1, 1984

Major William R. Grunow, in a brief account off his military services, says: "I take pleasure in informing you that since my return from France I have been stationed at Camp A. A. Humphreys, Va., and am now on duty as a Senior Instructor at the Engineer Officers' Training School. While in France, I served as a company commander in the 305th Engineers and was later ordered to return to the United States for assignment to new troops. Upon arrival in the United States, I received my majority." P. F. Rodegerdts gives us the following account of his military service: "I enlisted in the Naval Reserve Flying Corps in San Francisco on Feb. 12, 1918. On February 10, I was ordered to Cambridge, Mass., where I was enrolled for the course in technical aircraft construction given at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After successfully completing the course of instruction, I spent six weeks in practical construction of seaplanes at the Curtiss aeroplane factory in Buffalo. Following this, I was assigned to active service at Akron, Ohio, on June 22, 1918. At the same time I received my commission of ensign U.S.N. R.F. Unfortunately, I have been kept at Akron and although I have made

Jan 1, 1919

By George H. Cook

(Read at the Wilkes-Barre Meeting, May, 1877.) AT first sight this subject seems to belong to pure theoretical geology, but examination will soon show that it has important practical and economic interest to the mining engineer. The conclusion that all the northern portions of our country, as well as of the eastern continent, have, in the later periods of geological history, been covered with a thick bed of ice, is now accepted by geologists. This bed of ice, except in its greater magnitude, was like the modern glaciers of the Alps, and other mountains which extend above the line of perpetual snow. The marks it has left upon the surface show that it was comparatively thin on its southern. edge, but that its thick¬ness was much greater a little further north, and that it was several thousand feet thick at its heaviest parts. This variation of its surface would give it a descending slope towards the south, and cause the mass of ice, like a semifluid substance, to move in that direction.

Jan 1, 1878

By Young C. Kim

The use of computer models to design the ultimate open pit limits during feasibility studies as well as during long-range mine planning is becoming an enforced practice in all types of mining, e.g., ferrous, non-ferrous, and coal. As a result, the state of the art in computerized ultimate pit limit design methodologies and associated computing and optimizing techniques has advanced considerably in recent years. Unfortunately, very little has been published to date regarding the preferred ultimate pit limit design philosophy, i.e., optimizing us satisfying, or regarding the modeling approaches being used for different types of orebodies. This paper reviews the current state of the art in various modeling approaches and optimizing techniques that are in use for different types of deposits, through available literatures and personal communications.

Jan 1, 1979

By Noel F. Boyd

Coal can be liquefied and gasified by several methods, all of which are being investigated and evaluated because each has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of capital costs, end-products, and extent of required gas clean-up. Since coal conversion requires coal preheating to some extent, all these schemes begin with a coal-preparation step in a pressurized and heated reactor vessel where, in most cases, some additive or catalyst is usually injected. Extracting hydrogenated fuels from coal is not really a new science. Many people still recall the old "coal oil" that fired the lamps of stoves of rural America until the 1920's; the coal oil was produced by a basic Fischer- Tropsch method which has since been further developed to synthesize liquid fuels in the form of 86 to 90-octane gasoline and diesel fuel.

Jan 9, 1974

The Institute is custodian of -funds for support of numerous gold medals and prizes and has representatives on boards awarding still others. Details regarding the Institute Awards are given below. The Institute is represented on the boards of the John Fritz Medal, the Hoover Medal and the Washington Award, in connection with the three national societies of Civil, Mechanical and Electrical engineering; and, also, in the case of the Washington Award, with the Western Society of Engineers. The Institute is represented with these four societies on the committee in charge of the Alfred Noble Prize.

Jan 1, 1938

By Olin G. Bell

During the year 1928 ten new producing areas have been discovered and several extensions in oil and gas fields have been found in southwestern Texas. This year, however, will reveal itself as one of small profits in spite of considerable increase in production for the area as a whole over the previous years. At the beginning of 1928 the fields in this area (Fig. 1) were producing a daily average of 7500 bbl. from 730 wells, whereas at the close of the year the daily average had increased to approximately 14,000 bbl. from 827 wells. Production for the year was 3,453,938 bbl. The total oil produced in Southwest Texas since its discovery has been 16,955,-388 barrels. (Table 1.)

Jan 1, 1929