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By AIME AIME

Adjustable Pyrometer-Stand. By L. W. BAHNEY, xxxvii, 33. Agency of Manganese in the Superficial Alteration and Secondary Enrichment of Gold-Deposits in the United States. By WILLIAM H. EMMONS, xlvi, 767. Application of Descriptive Geometry to Mining-Problems. By JOSEPH W. ROE, xxxix, 173. ARNOLD, C. EVERARD. The Giroux Shaft at Kimberly, Nev., xlii, 461. BAHNEY, L. W. An Adjustable Pyrometer-Stand, xxxvii, 33. BALL, SYDNEY H., and SHALER, MILLARD K. Mining-Conditions in the Belgian Congo, xxxix, 253. BEALS, ROGER L., and TWEEDY, GEORGE A. Cyanide-Plant and Practice at the Minas del Tajo, Rosario, Sinaloa, Mexico, xxxviii, 123.

Dec 1, 1910

By S. Gupta, M. Fuka

This paper reports for the first time the synthesis of deintercalated MoAlB particulates which belongs to a family of novel ternary borides called MAB phases by selected etching of Al from these particulates by treating them with a solution of LiF and HCl. The FESEM analysis showed that these particulates hada stacked 2D-particles like morphology reminiscent of multilayered MXenes, but unlike MXenes, the 2D layers were interconnected with anisotropic porosity between them with an average length and width of pores being 257 ± 126 nm and 35 ± 10 nm, respectively. The EDS analysis of particulates showed that a typical particulate had a chemistry of (Mo Al )B{O F } which indicate partial 0.67 0.33 0.19 0.02 deintercalation of Al from the particulates. These novel particulates were also referred to as MABenes due to their microstructural similarity with multilayered MXenes.

Mar 1, 2018

By L. F. Heising

The Bureau of Mines evaluated 191 composites from the central Mesabi Range, Minn., chiefly by reductive roasting and magnetic separation. After reductive roasting and magnetic separation at minus 325 mesh, 28 composites produced concentrates that contained an average of 66.0 percent iron with less than 10 percent silica. Recovery of contained iron was over 90 percent. Natural magnetic material in excess of 5 percent was present in 142 composites. Trial flotation tests were used to evaluate three samples unresponsive to reductive roasting and magnetic separation procedures, and satisfactory concentrates having low silica contents (averaging 6.6 percent) were achieved.

Jan 1, 1965

By I. Ciabatti

Inorganic salts of hexavalent iron (ferrate (VI)) are versatile reagents for water and industrial effluent treatment because of the strong oxidising effect of the ferrate ion (FeO42-) and the well-known coagulation properties of the resulting ferric ion. Among other applications, ferrate can effectively remove arsenic, cyanide and phenols from industrial effluents. Furthermore, ferrate salts can be prepared from ferrous sulphate, a common byproduct of the steel and titanium industries, and possibly from other iron wastes. Notwithstanding their many potential advantages, the industrial-scale application of ferrate salts, such as potassium ferrate (K2FeO4), for effluent treatment has been hindered by the difficulties inherent in their synthesis and stabilisation. Within a project co-funded by the European Commission, the large-scale synthesis of stabilised potassium ferrate was realised through a new synthesis process, and different applications of the resulting ferrate to effluent and wastewater treatment are under investigation. This paper reports the results of the application of stabilised potassium ferrate for the purification of textile effluents. Laboratory and pilot-scale tests were carried out and the performance of the ferrate was compared to that of chemicals currently used in wastewater treatment. According to these experiments, potassium ferrate is a promising reagent for an effective treatment of textile and other industrial effluents.

Jan 1, 2006

By M. F. Corcoran

Rapid advances have been made in the past few years in the application of automatic controls and instrumentation to iron ore pelletizing plants. Present practice in applying instrumentation and control to the Grate-Kiln system of iron ore pelletizing is described. Major control points and loops are tabulated. Future trends in the application of digital control including computer data logging systems are described.

Jan 1, 1965

By W. G. Schultz

"Sylvite's potash mine, which produces 8,000 tons of ore per day, probably ranks as one of the most highly mechanized and automated mining operations in the world. Employing, on a normal 10-hour production shift, one supervisor and a crew of seven operators, Sylvite is able to mine at an average rate in excess of 600 tons per hour. The ore is produced by two Marietta miners weighing 258 tons, the largest and heaviest pieces of equipment ever taken underground. The ore produced by these two Marietta miners is conveyed to the shaft area, cycled through a 15,000-ton storage system and hoisted to surface completely automatically. The operation of all equipment in the mine can be monitored and controlled from a central control panel located underground. Because Sylvite's mine is a new operation with equipment of a new design, the full potential of the operation has not yet been realized. The ultimate capability is clearly evident from the success Sylvite has had over the past year as the average mining capability has risen from 100 tons per hour to 600 tons per hour."

Jan 1, 1973

By Roland Loewen

A review of the aqua regia method for the recovery of gold from jewelry shop wastes is given. Also outlined is a specialized procedure for the recovery of the silver that occurs in these wastes. A classic method for the recovery of platinum and palladium is, given. There is a brief review of other gold and silver refining methods. Environmental conditions are discussed and a few perhaps, new and useful processes ,are mentioned. References are by author or editor and are listed alphabetically. Suggestions for further information in the field of precious metals, are given in a final list.

Jan 1, 1989

By V. “Ram” Ramachandran

"In view of the increasing number of environmental regulations that have been promulgated all over the world in the last thirty years, non-ferrous smelters and refineries have had to learn and adapt to treating process bleed waste streams containing heavy metals. The result of such treatment invariably yields a gypsum-saturated solution containing salts such as alkali metal sulfates, chlorides and fluorides. Presence of anions such as sulfates, chlorides and fluorides in the discharge streams – presently not a major problem- are coming under increasing scrutiny and will have to be addressed in the near future. It is envisaged that discharge limits for sulfate ions will be in place in the near future. Treatment of brackish water to produce drinking water also results in brine streams containing alkali salts that have to be addressed for proper disposal. This paper reviews treatment options for such streams containing high levels of total dissolved solids with emphasis on sulfate removal. Areas covered would be: a) chemical treatment for removal of various constituents that make up the total dissolved solids b) processes for sulfate removal processes –thermal and non-thermal-to recover and reuse of treated water and c) brine use and treatment options.INTRODUCTIONThe rising cost of water and meeting the ever-changing stringent environmental discharge regulations make water recycling and reuse essential. The metallurgical industry has used water as a medium for dissolving and/or rejecting metals and chemicals in addition to removing thermal energy. Any excess process effluent is collected and sent to end-of-pipeline treatment and ultimately discharged to surface water for disposal under a permit. The conventional- and probably the cheapest way -of treating metal-bearing process effluent streams is lime neutralization followed by sulfide polishing for elimination of heavy metals to produce a stream that meets NPDES discharge limits. This results in a stream containing dissolved solids.These dissolved solids normally comprises of inorganic salts. The possible constituents are cations calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium. The anions are sulfate, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, carbonate and bicarbonate. In addition to these constituents, the treated effluent streams contain very small amounts of heavy metals, oxyanions such as arsenites, arsenates, selenites and selenates. Process streams from gold operations contain residual cyanide. Small amounts of ammonium ions are also present in these streams based on the pH of the solution."

Jan 1, 2012

By Meisam Ghiasi, Mohammadreza Khalesi, Mahmoud Abdollahy

In the current research, isothermal experiments of kinetic analysis were performed at different temperatures (800–1050 °C) and particle sizes (885 to 10,763 μm) to investigate the calcination kinetics of high-purity limestone. Thermal analyses were carried out in a zirconia crucible, 1 cm in height, for different temperatures and particle sizes. The reaction rate coefficients were varied in the 2.2 × 10−5-1.62 × 10−3-m0.6.s−1 range. Moreover, various isothermal kinetic analysis methods were applied to assess the decomposition mechanism and the calcination function governing the process. The modified shrinking core model was found as the best representation of the high-purity limestone kinetic data. The activation energy was evaluated using the Arrhenius curve, and an average value of 86 kJ.mol−1 was obtained.

Sep 15, 2020

By W. J. Huff, G. W. Jones, I. Spolan, R. E. Kennedy

"INTRODUCTION Information on the exploeibility and ease of ignition of acetylene is important in connection with investigations by the Bureau of Mines and others seeking the causes of explosions in medium-pressure acetylene generators.A previous report 6/ gave preliminary results of an investigation made by this Bureau to determine the causes of these explosions. This report indicated the need of amending Federal specifications for ""1/4 by 1/12"" carbide to reduce the amount of fine sizes permitted under the specifications then in force. Tests described in the above report showed that certain sizes of carbide may, under certain conditions, attain excessively high temperatures when acetylene-water vapor mixtures are passed through carbides for extended periods.Federal specifications P-0-101, Amendment 5, June 28, 1944, are now in effect. These latest specifications permit a maximum of 7 percent of ""1/4 by 1/12"" carbide by weight to pass through a 0.0661-inch sieve and a maximum of 2 percent to pass through a 0.0555-inch sieve. Experience has shown that these specifications have insured a safer size range of carbide for medium-pressure acetylene generators.Although the improvement in the size range of the carbides has aided in the prevention of explosions, there have been explosions in which the carbide used at the time of the explosion met the latest Federal specifications."

Sep 1, 1945

By William Petruk

The development of automatic image analysers brought the application of image analysis into process mineralogy because the analysers can measure parameters more easily, quickly and accurately than by manual grain counting techniques, and can also collect data unobtainable by manual grain counting. Data from ore specimens and mill products are used to predict and to define the behaviour of minerals during processing. The analyses are generally performed on the basis of either surface areas or linear intercepts of grains in polished or thin sections, and the data are computer processed to give mineral quantities, liberations, size distributions, and characteristics of middling particles. For analysis, the minerals must be detectable and discriminatable from each other. An image editor is usually used when minerals are not easily discriminated. In addition BSE-8EM photographs have been used where the silicate minerals could not be discriminated from the mounting media. Methods of analysis, typical results, and their applications are discussed.

Jan 1, 1982

By Robert Stefanko

The Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 had far reaching effects upon many aspects of mining, ventilation being no exception. In this paper, good ventilation procedures are briefly reviewed, and attention is focused on the changes brought about by the new Act. By way of illustration the ventilation system for a typical Pittsburgh Block system is developed and the requirements of the fan determined. This is then solved by an available computer program, and the application is evaluated. Figure 1 represents a projected system for a coal property 1 by 3 miles in plan at a depth of 1000 feet with a coal thickness of 6 feet and desired daily tonnage of approximately 7200 tons on a two-shift basis. Only one half of the mine is shown (north area) with a mirror image mining arrangement to be developed concurrently for the south area. Six working units are projected, three in each area, one on pillar extraction, another developing panel entries and a third on main entry development. A two-split system is used for each working section so that the continuous miner and bolting crews each have a separate split of air, and no equipment need pass through a line brattice. The old requirement of 6000 cfm at the last open crosscut has been increased to 9000 cfm, and for the first time a minimum quantity (3000 cfm) is stipulated at the face thus requiring either line brattice or an auxiliary fan. With the respirable dust requirement limited to 3 mg/m3, the use of a blower system is precluded and exhaust systems are virtually the only choice. Maintaining the line brattice within 10 feet of the working face at all times as required by the new law has a definite effect on the mining cycle and is most difficult at best. In the highly gaseous Pittsburgh seam located in south-western Pennsylvania and northern West Virginia quantities of 20,000 cfm per split are not uncommon to maintain the methane percentage below the required l%

Jan 1, 1972

By R. R. Wells, K. C. Vincent, A. O. Ipsen

"INTRODUCTION The Philipsburg Mining District, Granite County, Mont., has been the largest producing area for battery-grade manganese (70 percent MnO2) in the United States since the First World War. Two companies, the Trout Mining Division of the American. Machine & Meals Co., and the Moorlight Mining Co., have intermittently mined and milled 120 to 250 tons of 25-percent manganese ore per day for the production of concentrates of this grade.Investigation of the district by engineers of the Federal Geological Survey and Bureau of Mines indicated that further exploration and develop¬ment would make available additional oxide and carbonate manganese ores for milling and production of metallurgical-grade manganese. If the battery-grade producers converted their plants to the production of metallurgical-grade concentrates, their production also could be increased through greater recoveries.Until February 1, 1944, the Metals Reserve Company, through its agent, the Sunshine Mining Co., purchased milling-grade manganese oxide and carbonate are for stock-piling at Philipsburg. After that time, only carbonate ore was purchased. Based upon the assumption that the stock pile was a true cross-section sample of the producing area, metallurgical studies were made on representative samples from the Metals Reserve stock piles. Testing also was conducted on two other samples of Philipsburg oxide manganese ore obtained by engineers of the Bureau of Mines from the Little Dandy claim of the Donlan group and from the Marie mine. All ore samples tested were found to be amenable to concentration by ore-dressing methods for the production of concentrates that when sintered met Metals Reserve Company specifications for metallurgical-grade manganese."

Nov 1, 1947

By V. A. Chanturiya

The results of development of new collecting reagents selectively interacting with the metals of platinum group (MPG) are presented. A new approach to the concentration of the platinum minerals from the fine grade platinum containing products with the use of cloud point polymers for the first time proposed for this purpose is discussed. An original method for the investigation of complexing reagents with the platinum under flotation conditions developed by authors is described. The influence of the complexing reagents on the xanthate adsorption and on the electrochemical properties of the platinum arsenide surface (sperrylite) as well with the interaction mechanism between the reagent and metallic platinum were investigated by means of the modern physical and physicochemical methods of the solid and fluid phase studies. The results of tests of some complexing reagents with the rich copper-nickel ore in the cycle of nickel-pyrrhotite flotation are given. The data obtained makes it possible to mark the complexing reagent containing phosphine group as the most effective additional collector for MPG. Cloud point polymers containing thioamide, aminosulphide, and phosphine functional groups were examined. It is shown that all the reagents tested increase the platinum and palladium extraction to the nickel-pyrrhotite concentrate without quality loss. Platinum containing particles flocculate selectively.

Jan 1, 2014

By A. L. Engel

This report is a compilation of results of preliminary concentration tests of nine manganese-ore samples in 1953-1954. Three samples were from Nevada and the other six from California. These samples represent marginal or low-grade ores from deposits that have been mined selectively in the past. The present interest lies chiefly in the possibilities of concentration of the remaining low-grade ores for economical exploitation. The treatment methods included gravity concentration and flotation in most cases. Results were sometimes unsatisfactory, particularly when the ore was too fine grained for liberation of the minerals within economical grinding range. The contaminating gangue minerals, such as quartz and iron oxides, were locked with the manganese to an extent that prevented separation of high-grade concentrates with satisfactory recovery. In cases where fairly good concentrates were made, it was at the expense of recovery, a condition typical of low-grade ores.

Jan 1, 1955

By E. T. Knight, John D. Gill

IN ITS capacity for service to the public the oil industry is truly gargantuan. But it is only in this respect that the industry is the voracious, many-headed, many-armed and many-handed creature it has been so often painted by those who know it not too intimately and only from the outside. Contrasted sharply with the immensity of the service rendered is the relatively modest share of the national income which has gone to those who provided the tools and the mental and manual labor with which the service was performed. No doubt the relative meagreness of the re- ward was the result of a combination of fortuitous circumstances respecting the nature and accessibility of the industry's raw material and the extensive development and application of the most advanced technology, spurred by an intense competition.

Jan 1, 1940

By Rose Vera, Mario Huapaya, Claudia Del Pozo

El presente informe técnico, busca mostrar el impacto positivo que genera el trabajo articulado con todo el ecosistema que un programa social involucra. Enmarcamos este documento en la presentación del programa Moquegua Emerge, cuyo éxito se viene dando de la mano con éxito de las instituciones involucradas, tanto públicas, privadas y organizaciones sociales. Mostraremos con ejemplos, el diseño y puesta en marcha de la metodología propuesta y el camino que se está siguiendo para asegurar la sostenibilidad del impacto a largo plazo. Las conclusiones del mismo nos llevan a repensar la forma en la que se viene diseñando y ejecutando diversos programas sociales, de forma un tanto aislada o sin llegar a generar la sostenibilidad que tanto se espera.

Sep 29, 2023

By N Pranoto, E Lawell, T Dean, M Grant

The Goonyella Riverside Mine is located 30 km north of Moranbah in Central Queensland, Australia. Recent mining activities have exposed the north–south striking Kenya and Zimbabwe thrust Faults. These faults vertically offset coal seams by up to 25 m and locally thicken coal packages through imbrication of coal seams. The presence of back-thrusts add to the geotechnical complexity of maintaining highwall stability. The Kenya and Zimbabwe Faults have provided multiple challenges to the mining operation, with an unplanned additional 240 kt of coal tonnes being mined from imbrication of coals seams or from the refinement to local scale geological models. These additional coal tonnes have been either identified during the mining of the coal seam or just prior to overburden removal above the coal seam. These faults can also negatively impacted highwall stability with highwall failures, lowering the overall slope angle for pit designs and increasing stand-off distances for hazardous highwall conditions. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are used to scan exposed highwalls and enable geological mapping via high-quality 3D images. Measure while drill data from drill and blast rigs can provide local-scale intersections of the faults and coal seams. Mine Geologists utilise these and other data sets to create localised geological models refined position of the fault planes and coal seams. These models are utilised by relevant mine site teams to ensure the safe and efficient mining of coal around these faults.

Mar 22, 2022

By J Taylor, M Smith, A Tunnadine, D Nikolakopoulos

As Olympic Dam rapidly expands into the Southern Mine Area (SMA) the Mine Geology team has concurrently ramped up underground diamond drilling to sustain rates of above 175 km/a. With >10 underground rigs double-shifting, traditional paper sections used for the management of drill programs were no longer optimal due to scale of operations. An opportunity was identified to modernise monitoring of all underground diamond drill programs, through the integration of logged copper sulfide estimates with Olympic Dam’s first-fully integrated deposit-scale geological model in Leapfrog Geo. This paper describes the transition within the Mine Geology team from reliance on 2D paper sections, towards near-real time 3D geological modelling for optimising end-of-hole decisions in the field. This transition was enabled by innovative database solutions informing locally constrained implicit models, limited by a distance buffer around active underground fan drilling. Due to the high volume of historic drilling, there were significant computational challenges with the implementation of daily production style implicit models at Olympic Dam and initial testing of regular updates to implicit gradeshells and sulfide domains required in excess of 12 hrs to run. The enabling solution was to optimise the interfaces between the AcQuire database, Deswik MDM and Leapfrog Geo to create a dynamic, streamlined workflow that was easily completed by Mine Geologists in accordance with daily production duties. Geologists are now building rapid implicit models for a range of variables from an integrated data set of logged sulfide estimates and existing assays, spatially constrained by 150 m buffers around active drilling using a unique drill fan identifier flagged during the planning phase. Once the live-implicit models are updated, they are exported for visualisation on field tablets to be used during logging and core checks at the start and end of every shift. To manage the risk of ‘going digital’ interpretation remains at the forefront of the drill section close-out process, with Mine Geologists critically reviewing the finished sections on a standardised template with new learnings wireframed and communicated to stakeholders. The Live Field Model has enabled a step-change in the geological effectiveness of diamond drilling, reducing over – and under-drilling ore-waste at Olympic Dam continuing to push drilling effectiveness towards 20 per cent of intercepts >2 per cent Cu. In addition, upside or risk identified during the proactive management of drilling execution can be rapidly capitalised or mitigated.

Mar 22, 2022

By R. E. Morgan

Two sizes of Pennsylvania anthracite were gasified in the new-type Lurgi pressure generator at the Dorsten, Germany, works of the Steinkohlengas, A. G. These tests demonstrated that Chestnut-size anthracite and a Rice-Buckwheat mixture containing 27 and 19 percent ash, respectively, could be gasified satisfactorily at an elevated pressure in a fixed bed with oxygen and steam. These coals were especially prepared to approximate a rough-cleaned coal and a washed and screened product. The operating data obtained from the two tests and materials requirements are summarized. A wide range of reactant ratios could not be tested, nor could optimum operating conditions be determined, as the generator was being used throughout the testing program, employing normal operating practices, to produce gas for the gas grid; and the most economical coal, steam, and oxygen ratios may not have been used. Comparative costs are presented of the raw materials required for producing a high-B.t.u. gas, based on the operational data obtained from these tests and, to some extent, on data extrapolated from laboratory experimentation. A flowsheet of a proposed process for producing a high-B.t.u. gas by Lurgi gasification, followed by methanation, is also included.

Jan 1, 1958