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By Arthur D. Silber

The economic success and growth of any metropolitan region depends on mobility. Today, mobility between New Jersey and New York is threatened by a transportation system that cannot meet 21st century travel demands. The transportation bottleneck created by the Hudson River threatens the viability of one of the world?s great centers of commerce and culture. Fortunately, there is a solution: The Access to the Region?s Core Mass Transit Tunnel. The US$8.7-billion Mass Tran-sit Tunnel?s (MTT) new two-track line will double commuter rail capacity under the Hudson and create a new, state-of-the-art cavern station in Midtown Manhattan, with wide platforms, high-speed escalators and other features to improve riders? travel experience. The capacity and other benefits of the MTT project will launch a new era of prosperity for the region, just as the Pennsylvania Railroad did almost 100 years ago when it built the existing two, single-track rail tunnels that now form the sole commuter rail link between New Jersey and New York. The existing tunnels run from North Bergen, NJ, under the Hudson River to Pennsylvania Station at 33rd Street in Manhattan. Construction on the MTT, the largest public works project in the United States, is scheduled to start this year and continue through 2017. The MTT is ready to go to construction thanks to a major commitment of financial, engineering, project management and other resources from NJ TRAN-SIT, New Jersey?s statewide mass transit agency, and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, a bistate agency that operates the Holland and Lincoln tunnels, the George Washington Bridge and other major transportation facilities in New York and New Jersey. The project is also strongly supported by the state governments of New York and New Jersey, as well as that of New York City. The MTT is New Jersey Governor Jon Corzine?s number one transportation priority.

Jan 1, 2009

This paper provides an update to a paper by the author on an overseas explorer's perception of New Zealand, presented at the 1997 New Zealand Minerals & Mining Conference. New Zealand has one of the most open and internationally competitive economies in the world. The petroleum exploration industry in New Zealand is booming with a record number of wells planned for 2000. New Zealand is keen to encourage investment in mineral exploration to develop its natural resources. A study of the geological potential of New Zealand estimated the value of known and potential resources of metals at $86 billion. Gold has the greatest potential, with a total resource estimated at $33.5 billion. The price of gold has averaged NZ$554 since the beginning of 1998, and NZ$593 in the last year, which is very competitive with other countries. An assessment of country risk compared New Zealand with twenty other countries in ten risk categories: sovereign risk, land access, environmental issues, land claims, mining legislation, social risk, infrastructure, civil unrest, natural disasters and workforce. New Zealand ranked fifth, showing it has low country risk. This provides a high degree of certainty for investment, which is important for the perception of New Zealand as an exploration destination. Corruption was considered separately, and New Zealand ranked third out of ninety countries, showing it is one of the least corrupt countries in the world. New Zealand has a favourable business environment, good geological potential, low country risk and no corruption. Despite this, New Zealand has not registered on the radar screens of overseas mineral explorers, and the positive factors appear to have been overlooked. New Zealand has considerable undeveloped mineral potential, and with the current rise in commodity prices, it is hoped New Zealand can participate in a resurgence in mineral exploration.

Jan 1, 2000

Last evening, in Auckland, I heard the Chairman of Heinz US, Dr Tony O'Reilly (who, in addition to Heinz's ownership of our largest food processor, also has substantial personal investments in this country), advocate New Zealand as a 'regional corporate capital'.   Why would someone like Dr O'Reilly hold that view? No doubt, as one of Ireland's great rugby players of the 50s and 60s, he admires at least one thing that we do very well (confirmed again in Dublin over the past weekend). But that's not sufficient to support such a view.   He cited many reasons for preferring New Zealand over, say, Sydney, Australia, calling this 'the most rational in which to locate [an] international headquarters', including û +         we have no capital gains tax; +         a more 'pro-business environment'; +         a 'first class' legal and banking system; and +         a 'simple political system'.   I can find no better 'text for today's address.

Jan 1, 1997

By T DePetris, B B. Beamish

There has been a gradual increase in the volume of internationally traded thermal and coking coal, with emphasis on blending of coals rather than single coal usage. New Zealand can take advantage of this situation, especially with its low ash and sulphur content coals. However, there is a need to clarify the thermal and coking behaviour of these coals as they relate to other market players, to benefit both the consumer and supplier. The high volatile matter contents of New Zealand coking coals are due to their high vitrinite content, which causes them to demonstrate stronger coking properties over a wider rank range than Gondwana coals. These same high vitrinite levels appear to correspond with lower initial softening temperatures than for Gondwana coals of similar rank. Preliminary results using thermogravimetric analysis also suggest that New Zealand high volatile bituminous coals can be used to substitute for higher rank Gondwana coals in combustion processes.

Jan 1, 1994

By D J. Holden

Prospectivity, the relative value of gold, investor confidence, general economic stability and legislation driven by public attitudes are seen as the major influences on the gold mining industry in New Zealand. Since the 1860s the gold mining industry in New Zealand has been subject to the complex interaction of these influences resulting in three successive boom and bust periods. The booms are related to periods of greatest potential economic growth. The busts are more strongly related to downturns in the economy and falling gold price. The influences may be expressed as trends over time. The role of gold has changed from being a currency base to that of a traded commodity. This change has caused price instability and rapid fluctuations in its value. Increased competing land uses, shifting public attitudes and legislative changes have added to the instability of the industry. Reaction against change is to be expected from the companies until new legislation is seen to be functioning efficiently. Other trends show that there has been a tendency towards reduced exploration and consolidation of active gold mining projects. The future consequences of this are likely to be felt both regionally and nationally as there will be no new discoveries to fill production voids which will develop as currently producing mines close. The review of New Zealand's resource use statutes is nearly complete. A period of legislative stability can now be expected. There are some positive signs that consents will be obtained much more quickly than under previous legislation, particularly by those companies which develop the skills to work with the system. The new regime is about consideration of impacts rather than specific activities. This, together with excellent prospectivity, bodes well for the identification of mineral resources in New Zealand.

Jan 1, 1992

By K Peters, C McKenzie

New Zealand has an established history of gold production beginning with the gold rushes of the 19th century in the Coromandel, Nelson/Marlborough, West Coast and Otago regions. Despite this, the number of significant modern hard rock gold operations has been limited in recent years due to a lack of sustained exploration capital and not limited geological prospectivity.The New Zealand Government is actively encouraging explorers to invest in New Zealand through a series of targeted promotional visits, more importantly through the acquisition of precompetitive regional geophysical data. Data collection has been completed over the prospective Northland epithermal district and a large portion of the South IslandÆs west coast that is prospective for both orogenic gold and intrusive related gold.Analysis of new data has been an important component in aiding the generation of exploration targets from prospectivity modelling. Determining the prospectivity of an area involves reviewing all the available data and analysing it with respect to the most up-to-date mineral system model for the mineralisation style of interest. Using the weights of evidence modelling approach, the most prospective areas for epithermal gold-silver, orogenic gold and intrusion-related gold have been identified. The key exploration parameters relevant to each mineral system are first represented spatially and then statistically combined into a single prospectivity map. New potentially economic deposits could be found by focusing exploration on targets identified from these models. The prospectivity modelling approach can greatly reduce the risk involved in mineral exploration.CITATION:Peters, K and McKenzie, C, 2013. New Zealand gold potential - using mineral prospectivity modelling to evaluate gold-bearing mineral systems in an underexplored country, in Proceedings World Gold 2013 , pp 479-486 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Sep 26, 2013

I would take this, opportunity of thanking you for the high honour you have conferred on me in electing me to the responsible position of President. You may rest assured I will use my best endeavours to promote the interests of the Institute in every way that lies in my power. In reviewing the work of the past year, it is a matter for congratulation to find the Institute in a position at once so healthy and robust, and that notwithstanding the acute depression which has prevailed in the mining industry.Owing to deaths or departures from the colony, the names of six members have disappeared from the roll of membership, but you will be pleaed to learn that several new members have been elected, the register now, showing 56 Members, 25Associates and 2 Students. A complete record of the papers read and the discussions that took place will be found embodied in the splendid volume of Transactions which has just been issued, and which I am sure will be welcomed by mining engineers in all parts of the world.

Jan 1, 1901

By R L. Brathwaite

The rocks of New Zealand can be grouped into three main elements: the Early to Mid Paleozoic Western Province, Late Paleozoic to Early Cretaceous Eastern Province, and several overlying Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic sedimentary basins. The Western and Eastern provinces were formed on or near the margin of Gondwanaland, whereas the Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic sedimentary basins developed after the separation of New Zealand from Gondwanaland in the Late Cretaceous.   The Early to Mid Paleozoic Western Province rocks are exposed in Nelson, Westland and Fiordland and include metamorphosed sandstone, mudstone, limestone, and volcanic rocks, intruded by granite batholiths and maficultramafic igneous complexes. The main associated mineral deposits are gold-quartz lodes hosted by Paleozoic greywacke and argillite. Other type of deposits present include: volcanogenic massive sulphide lead-zinc; vein and greisen tungsten and tin; and magmatic nickel-copper sulphide, platinum group element, and magnetiteilmenite deposits. Granite stocks and batholiths, intruded during the Cretaceous, have associated porphyry molybdenum deposits.   The Late Paleozoic to Early Cretaceous Eastern Province includes the greywacke rocks forming the axial ranges of the North and South islands, and a belt of schists in Marlborough, the Southern Alps and Otago. The schists host many shear-zone related, gold-quartz lodes and, in the Southern Alps, lenses of serpentinite with talcmagnesite and nephrite jade. Volcanogenic massive sulphide copper deposits and volcanogenic manganesechert deposits, occur in both the schist and greywacke, and a belt of Permian age ultramafic rocks (Dun Mountain Ophiolite) has associated copper, chromite and chrysotile asbestos deposits.   The Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic rocks are found in a number of sedimentary basins onshore and offshore of the North and South Islands. Many of these basins developed during the rifting of New Zealand from Gondwanaland in the Late Cretaceous. They contain New Zealand's economic petroleum, coal and limestone deposits. Uplift and erosion of the mountain ranges shed gold into rich placer deposits in the South Island.   From the Miocene, volcanic rocks feature prominently on the eastern South Island (e.g. Banks Peninsula southeast of Christchurch and the Otago Peninsula northeast of Dunedin) and northern North Island (Northland and Hauraki), and volcanism continues today in the Taupo Volcanic Zone. The North Island volcanic rocks have associated epithermal mineralisation, mainly gold and silver, but also copper, lead, zinc, mercury, and antimony, as well as deposits of sulphur, perlite, pumice and zeolite. Porphyry copper style mineralisation is associated with subvolcanic intrusive rocks. Erosion of the volcanic rocks has shed titanomagnetite onto the west coast of the North Island forming significant coastal placer deposits. Similarly, erosion of the Alpine schists in the South Island has resulted in placer ilmenite deposits on the coast of Westland.

Jan 1, 1997

Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary coals in the Greymouth, Ohai and Kaitangata coalfields represent a major national energy resource comprising-up to 2500 x 106 tonnes of coal in ground. The three coalfields are closely related in terms of age and sedimentary and structural character. The most striking feature common to all is the complexity of the geology which has severely restricted exploration and mining of these coal resources. This complexity is manifest in the irregular lensoid nature of coal seams and by the incidence of unpredictable medium and small scale faulting and folding. There are many geological similarities between these coalfields which are considered to arise from a common origin which can be related to the plate tectonic evolution of the southwest Pacific region. In order to efficiently assess and exploit these coal resources it will be necessary to know their geology in great detail. This can he achieved by increasing the understanding of the sedimentary and structural evolution of the coal bearing basins. This knowledge may be gained by the application of traditional (ie drilling, field mapping) and innovative techniques (ie high resolution seismic, in seam seismic) with on going research-oriented studies (ie basin analysis, coal petrography).

Jan 1, 1987

Miners and mineral explorers are concerned at the increasingly hostile environment being generated towards their industry and their profession. There is little official or public recognition that the mining industry is essential for the maintenance of the country's standard of living; a large part of this hostile feeling is caused by the assumption that mining destroys large tracts of our attractive countryside. This paper presents a historic review of the impact on the countryside of the major land using groups commencing with the Polynesian migration. European farming practices, subsequent expansion of the urban dweller and the land management practices of the two Government Departments, Lands and Survey and New Zealand Forest Service who between them control half of the total land area, are discussed. Estimates of total land area to date, directly and indirectly affected by mining have been calculated and a broad estimate of 18 000 ha or 1/1500 of total land area is indicated; current annual mineral production requires some 240 ha. These gross areas take no account of subsequent land rehabilitation, its improvement upon the original in some cases and the recreational, historic and aesthetic areas gained. Comparisons are then drawn with some current land practices in New Zealand.

Jan 1, 1977

Newcrest Mining is one of the leading independent gold producers in Australia thanks in large part to its Cadia Valley operations. It is the largest gold and copper producer in New South Wales and one of the largest in Australia. This year Newcrest will expand its operations with a A$545-million expansion in the area. The Cadia Valley is approximately 250 km (155 miles) west of Sydney. The province presently includes the Cadia Hill opencut mine and the Ridgeway underground mine. With a significant mineralized system to the east of Cadia Hill and a mineral resource below Ridgeway, Cadia Valley has the potential to underpin Newcrest?s production for up to 30 years. In 2007, total gold production for the company in-creased to more than 50 t (1.6 million oz) and cash flow increased by 47 percent, according to the company?s annual report. The history of mining in the area dates back to 1851, but Newcrest?s history is young. In 1990, Newcrest commenced activities in the Cadia Valley. In 1992, Cadia Hill was discovered, with the discovery of Cadia East (1995) and Ridgeway (1996) following close behind. In 1998, the Cadia Hill openpit mine was commissioned. In 2002, the Ridgeway underground mine was commissioned and in 2007 the company?s board of directors approved an A$545 million development of the Ridgeway Deeps. The Ridgeway underground mine is located adjacent to Cadia Hill. The Ridgeway orebody has no surface expression but lies approximately 500 m (1,640 ft) below the surface and resembles an inverted teardrop. It measures approximately 450 m (1,476 ft) by 250 m (820 ft) and extends in excess of 850 m (2,788 ft) in depth. Ridgeway is a sublevel caving operation. Crushed ore from underground is delivered by conveyor to a surface stockpile, adjacent to the Ridgeway concentrator. Using similar processes to the adjacent Cadia Hill concentrator, gold and copper are recovered in a conventional flotation circuit to produce a copper concentrate containing elevated gold levels. Ridgeway concentrate is combined with the Cadia Hill concentrate before it is pumped to the filtration plant in

Jan 1, 2008

By Andrew Logan

Newcrest has a strong history of growth over the past 20 years, yielding value from previously marginal ore bodies. We have grown regionally in Asia Pacific through our operations in Australia, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, and also established a beachhead in West Africa. The company has a reputation of realizing value from large, low-grade deposits adopting step change approaches. Newcrest is focused on an overall strategy of gold, low cost, long life and moderate growth. Capability step changes play a large delivery role. They transition from a business offline-to-online approach as opportunities mature. Newcrest believes in a) Knowing what ?good? looks like, b) An open innovation approach to actively working with others, c) The leap frogging leverage of making the ?old new again?, d)An adopt-adapt-develop methodology enabled by rapid prototyping/piloting, e) Getting our handsdirty with test work and plant analysis, and f) Staying focused on a few high business leverage areas. This paper describes Newcrest?s approach and our experiences in establishing renewed metallurgical processes, specifically aimed at increasing innovation adoption. Some of our step changes discussed include: 1) Early waste rejection to avoid high energy processing downstream, 2) Broader gold product channels to reduce site based processing needs, 3) Lower energy processing, and 4) Geo-Metallurgy approaches. Keywords: Newcrest, gold, step change, open innovation, adopt, adapt, develop, offline, online, prototyping, old new again, waste rejection, low energy, geo-metallurgy

Sep 1, 2012

By L. Vollert

In August 2018, the first full-scale HydroFloatTM cells for the recovery of coarse composited copper and gold were commissioned at Newcrest’s Cadia Valley operation in New South Wales, Australia. The primary objective of the installation is to recover coarse value-bearing composites that are lost to conventional flotation tailings, without the need for additional power input for particle size reduction to improve mineral liberation. This paper examines the application of Eriez HydroFloatTM technology for the recovery of coarse, poorly liberated copper sulphide particles drawing on recent experience from lab scale testwork through circuit design and commissioning of the full-scale installation at Cadia Valley. INTRODUCTION In the face of declining copper head grades and a tightening regulatory environment around the use of wet tailings dams, the processing of copper ores at coarser particle sizes has become a focal point for the industry. Sulphide flotation using the Eriez HydroFloatTM is one of the emergent technologies that sits under this umbrella of coarse pre-concentration. It has been demonstrated through numerous lab and pilot scale testwork programs carried out by Newcrest and others (Awatey, Kohmuench, Thanasekaran, Skinner & Zanin, 2013), to improve the flotation recovery of sulphide-rock composite particles with low surface liberation, relative to conventional flotation technology. The HydroFloatTM technology has been used widely for the recovery of coarse potash, phosphate, coal, vermiculite, spodumene and diamonds but has never been applied at full scale in either gold or sulphide flotation. In August 2018, the first full-scale 3.4 m diameter HydroFloatTM cells for the recovery of coarse composite copper and gold were commissioned at Newcrest’s Cadia Valley operation in New South Wales. The primary objective of the installation is to recover coarse value-bearing composite particles that are lost to conventional flotation tailings, without the need for additional upfront power input for particle size reduction to improve mineral liberation.

Jan 1, 2019

By AIME AIME

WHEN the present Chairman of the Coal Division, A.I.M.E. applied for membership in the Institute 28 years ago one of his endorsers was Howard N. Eavenson, with whom he has now been associated as a partner in a Pittsburgh consulting coal - mining engineering firm for 22 years. Back of that association was some ten years of operating work in Kentucky. Mr. Alford was born in Philadelphia on Dec. 11, 1887, and was educated in Quaker schools, graduating from Swarthmore with an A.B. in 1909, later receiving a B.S. and an E.M. from the University of Pittsburgh. In the summers of 1907 and 1908 he had his first taste of coal mining as a chainman for the U. S. Coal and Coke Co. in Gary, W. Va. Upon graduating in 1909 he got a job on the by-product coke ovens of the Illinois Steel Co. at Joliet, Ill., but a year later went to Kentucky as superintendent of the Shamrock mine of the St. Bernard Mining Co., by which company he was employed for the next ten years. Successively he was assistant chief engineer, chief engineer, and assistant to the president. His duties were varied, including all the engineering duties commonly associated with coal mining, both underground and on the surface, construction of washing plants, prospecting, reports on new properties, power plants, safety work, and labor relations.

Jan 1, 1942

By Franz-Werner Gerressen

"New developments are required day by day. On the one hand site to improve the actual situation, on the other hand site to create the future and to ensure that future demands can be fulfilled. This requires for instance the development of technical support systems, which enable a more constant and quality ensured installation of special foundation products like piles. As part of the quality control, real time installation control of the production process, data transfer and reporting systems become more and more important ensuring the five dimensions of a jobsite. That means not only the three well known dimensions (width, height, depth) are cover, but also the dimension of time and money. Beside small, but important, details, also the demand of extending the use of methodologies in terms of getting deeper or allow their use in various soil conditions require the development of new tools and equipment. Therefore, the paper will describe some of these new approaches and activities required for these new developments. It will describe also the main equipment which will be needed to execute these works under the various conditionsINTRODUCTIONNew developments are required day by day. Either to improve the actual situation, or to create the future and to ensure that future demands can be fulfilled. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for the development of e.g. “Little Helpers”. “Little helpers” are for example technical support systems, which enable a more constant and quality ensured installation of special foundation products like piles, for example an assistance system like the later explained “drilling” assistant. As part of the quality control, real time installation control of the production process, data transfer and reporting systems become more and more important ensuring the five dimensions of a jobsite. In a second part the focus will be given to new approaches for soil mixing application. Adjustments of tools or equipment to extend the range of possible usage as well in terms of soil conditions as in treatment depth.“LITTLE HELPER”GeneralThe B-Tronic System enables you to efficiently operate, maintain, and administer individual machines as well as entire fleets. It helps you to securely monitor and precisely evaluate your projects and work processes. The system is an integrated system for controlling all operations and visualizing actual operating parameters in real-time on a large interactive touch-screen monitor."

Jan 1, 1900

By G. F. Carr

"IntroductionFLUORSPAR has been found at several •localities in Newfoundland, but all the commercial deposits discovered to date are in the vicinity of St. Lawrence, a town on the southeast coast. Most of the veins are within six miles of St. Lawrence harbour, and between sea-level and an altitude of 400 feet. The St. Lawrence Corporation of Newfoundland, Limited, and Newfoundland Fluorspar, Limited, a subsidiary of the Aluminum Company of Canada. Limited. are the two producers.With the arrival of 1953, the St. Lawrence area entered upon its twenty-second •consecutive year as a producer of fluorspar. Production has increased more or less steadily during this period, as is shown by the fact that approximately one-half of the total shipments to date have been made during the past six years. Between four and five hundred men are employed by the industry, and more than $1,250,000 was paid out in wages and salaries during 1952. Shipments during that year reached an all-time high of 81,283 tons valued at $2,484,943, compared with 67,925 tons valued at $1,966,477 in 1951 (1).As a result of an agreement made in July, 1952, with the United States Defence Materials Procurement Agency, production of the St. Lawrence Corporation, Limited, and St. Lawrence Fluorspar, Incorporated, an affiliated company, will •be increased by .approximately 50,000 tons of acid-grade fluorspar per year. The contract extends over a period of four years, or until 150,000 tons of acid-grade concentrates have been produced."

Jan 1, 1954

By J. L. Miller, R. W. Burns

This paper sets out the various phases of bringing a merchant bar mill into operation from feasibility consideration through financing, design and scheduling to completion.

Jan 1, 1967

By Alun J. Davies

This paper describes a design-build project for the construction of a tanker wharf for 150,000 dwt vessels. The tankers deliver oil from offshore oil fields to a Transshipment terminal on the south coast of Newfoundland. The project described is an expansion to a previously constructed facility, adding an additional berth. The first berth was designed conventionally as concrete structures supported on groups of independent, single piles. The second berth was awarded to Peter Kiewit Sons' Co. Ltd. based on an alternate design which utilized a "jacket" concept whereby prefabricated steel frames are placed on the seabed and serve as permanent templates and also give lateral support to the piles, thereby increasing their load capacity. This led to economies and time savings. Discussed herein is the design process and the field installation, covering the jackets, driven pipe piles, and the rock anchors.

Jan 1, 2000

By Samer Sadek, Phoebe Cheng, Changmo Kwon, Myat Ohn

BART Facilities Standards (BFS) Structural Criteria is a living document that governs planning, design, and construction of all BART projects. Since its development, the document undergoes incremental changes and updates to reflect policy changes, changes in local, State, or national design codes and guidelines, advancements in engineering and technology, or based on the performance of past built infrastructure. In 2020, the BFS-Structural Criteria underwent a comprehensive update and was released with BFS version 3.2. This paper summarizes the updates to the Tunnels and Underground Structures Section of the Structural Criteria, and provides insights to the basis and logic of the requirements.

Dec 1, 2022

By Fukuichi K, Matsukawa H, Nakagawa M

The Myojin Tunnel, located on the Shikoku Expressway being constructed by the Japan Highway Public Corporation, is 3,770 m long with a cross sectional area of 80 m2. Kajima Corporation, the contractor for the northern construction section of this tunnel, adopted here its newly developed "mini-bench" method of excavation. The objectives of this method were 1. to be able to perform all tunnelling operations using the whole cross sectional area of the tunnel under any ground conditions, and 2. to be able to vary the length of the mini-bench within the range of 0 to 7 m according to ground conditions. In order to achieve these objectives, original, sophisticated equipment was developed and employed in the work. One of the newly developed machines is a special jumbo, a hydraulic crawler jumbo with five rotary type booms. This machine is capable of accommodating variation in the length of the mini-bench accompanying changes in ground conditions and is equipped with a special mechanism by which the positions of the booms can be controlled by means of hydraulic cylinders. Also developed was a shotcrete robot for use with the mini-bench method which has the control board near the shotcrete nozzle for close control of application.

Jan 1, 1987