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By Norman A. Grant

"Location and Transportation FacilitiesTHE BEAVERLODGE area of North Saskatchewan is on the north side of lake Athabasca, 500 air miles northeast of Edmonton.The main Eldorado operation and townsite are on the north •side of Beaverlodge lake, which is immediately north of lake Athabasca and is separated from it by only a mile long portage at Lodge bay. The once famous town of Goldfields. Saskatchewan, and the Box property of the Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, are located on lake Athabasca nine mines from Beaverlodge townsite.Previously, all Eldorado freight was delivered by barge at the Lodge Bay portage, hauled across the portage, and across Beaverlodge lake by small Northern Transportation Company barges, which involved many handlings.In 1952 the port of 'Bushell' was established at Black bay. This is a particularly snug harbour, well protected from the main body of the lake and with good foundations for docking facilities. A Butler building, 300 ft. by 60 ft., and tank farms provide storage at the port. A •road from Bushell to the main Beaverlodge operation, a distance of twelve miles through rugged terrain, was built by the Saskatchewan Government. The cost was shared by the Saskatchewan Government, the Federal Government, and Eldorado and other mining companies.Along this road are located the properties of several enterprising mining companies and near the midpoint lies the ambitious budding town of Uranium. This road has made portaging unnecessary and palletized freight loaded at Waterways, Alta., is now loaded directly on trucks at Bushell and delivered to the point of consumption."

Jan 1, 1953

By Dean Millar

Clean, green, cheap compressed air can be produced efficiently and renewably by modernization of a 19th century technology ?The hydraulic air compressor has no moving parts ?After commissioning, the Ragged Chutes HAC operated for 70 years, only being stopped twice for repairs to the intake heads ?Operates using hydropower from Montreal river ?Produced air for ~29 silver mines in Cobalt, 20 km distant

May 1, 2013

By E. J. Sides

In this paper, the argument is put forth that the codes used for public reporting of mineral resources and mineral reserves have some significant limitations with regard to the information provided to investors on the short- to medium-term value of mining properties. Such limitations include a) failure to explicitly incorporate a time element and b) failure to state explicitly the quantity and quality of mineral product that will be produced for sale. A time-value framework for reporting mineral assets is proposed in order to overcome these limitations. The proposed system is based on two classification axes: a) an X-axis representing time in years during which the value of the asset is likely to be realized and b) a Y-axis representing the value identified by a mining or exploration company\u2019s activities. The potential benefits of this system are discussed, including the ability to incorporate factors, such as permitting and construction times, directly into the magnitude of the reported mineral assets. The proposed framework would assist in the standardization of mineral assets reporting in such a manner that they could eventually be more readily included in financial statements. Year of Publication: Not explicitly mentioned in the document.

Jan 1, 2010

By W. B. Agocs

"AbstractThe airborne magnetometer data of the Marmora iron ore deposit at Marmora, Ontario, have been used as an example to show the mapped results obtained by the use of line spacings of from 1 mile to 14 mile. The maps are illustrative of the results which could be obtained from such line spacings for any type of geophysical survey, and they show the probability of 'missing' a feature of economic value if the line spacing is too coarse.The probability equations are given for the crossing of randomly oriented features whose maximum dimension is less than the spacing of the control lines for circular, elongate, and rectangular outlines. The equations are P = D/S; P = 2L/S; P = 2(L+W)/,.S; P = A/,.S; P = (2L(S+T)-L2),.ST; and P (D(S+T-,.D)) ST, respectively; where P is the probability; D is the diameter; L is the length; W is the width; and S and T are line spacings.IntroductionTHE EFFECT of station spacing, and the effect of the distance between the plane of observation and the plane of the source of the potential field anomalies, have been studied by geophysicists in the past.The purpose of this paper, however, is to illustrate the effect of line spacing •on the resultant mapped magnetic anomaly for a known magnetite mass, and to present the elementary probability equations for determining the optimum control spacing for detecting a particular type of feature. The effect of line spacing which is illustrated by the magnetic maps presented herewith would be comparable to results which would be obtained by any geophysical survey, since the contours between lines are of necessity interpolated."

Jan 1, 1955

By T. E. Wakefield

"Final Galloway (stage) designs for vertical drill and blast shaft sinking projects evolve from complex thought patterns which integrate operational processes, systems and methods of communication, power supply, drilling, blasting, ventilating, mucking, supporting, surveying, dewatering, sealing, concrete lining and shaft furnishing. Attention to ergonomic design detail at the shaftsman / structure interface is at the heart of safe and successful multi-deck working platforms. For economy the end product must have a low mass to reduce suspension rope end loads to be able to use smaller suspension hoists and have lighter headframe structures, be robust to withstand concussion damage, be easily constructible on site, be maintainable in the shaft barrel, and comply with safety and legislated standards. This paper’s ambition is to describe a systematic design framework and sequenced thought process that delivers a product that is engineered with excellence, illustrated by making use of two designs that evolved during recent Galloway projects, one destined for a large diameter man/material shaft, the other for a ventilation shaft. The stage engineering iterative process starts with mapping permanent and sinking hoisting layouts, followed by laying out horizontal deck plans, mostly constrained by the permanent shaft purpose and configuration, whilst maximizing openings to enable muck to be removed rapidly for the best sinking cycles. Concurrently the designer needs to understand the chosen sinking methodologies in conjunction with crewing to determine the number of decks and fix their spacing. Insufficient access to move and line up formwork, set reinforcing rods and pour concrete in the confined spaces of the stage is an inherent major risk to be mitigated. An iterative and integrative process follows for the primary configuration which delves into increasing design detail, accommodating all other methodology influences, resulting in 3D layouts for further risk assessment, review and fine tuning by seasoned shaftsmen. INTRODUCTION Documented colliery shaft sinking practice from the late 1800’s makes reference to purpose built walling (bricked lining) cribs with floors suspended in sinking shafts, thereby allowing shaft lining to proceed concurrently with the excavation. Improvements were made by Sir William Galloway who introduced two decks supported at the corners by angle irons. The sinking stage, or Galloway, has developed substantially over time to be the in-barrel heart of the sinking operation, with overwhelming complexity for those who have to design one for the first time."

Jan 1, 2019

Phelps Dodge has recently operated a commercial scale, super fine grinding circuit of copper concentrates for use in a medium-temperature pressure leaching process. Two 355 kW vertical stirred mills were installed in series, targeting a grind of 80% passing 7.5 µm and 98% passing 15 µm as outlined in Phelps Dodge's concentrate leaching patent portfolio. This paper details the operation and results of the test program at Bag dad, as well as some of the operating challenges encountered.

Jan 1, 2007

By L. Cifuentes

The temperature dependence of: a) electrolyte density, viscosity and electrical conductivity and b) the equilibrium constants of formation for all relevant species have been determined as part of an effort to model the operation of a copper electrowinning cell based on reactive electrodialysis. The studied ranges were: 1.01 to 1.25 g/cm3 for density, 4.9x10-4 to 16.4x10-4 kg m-1 s-1 for viscosity and 0.02 to 86.0 Sri m-1 for electrical conductivity. Density and the electrical conductivity of the catholyte increased linearly with temperature whereas the viscosity increase was exponential. The main effect of ionic speciation was to decrease the electrical conductivity with increasing metal concentration due to ion association (mainly the formation of bisulphate ion) which lowered the concentration of protons (the most mobile species) in solution. This effect was specially noticeable in the anolyte. Mathematical relationships with correlation coefficients between 0.959 and 1.000 have been found for all the studied variables.

Jan 1, 2007

By R. W. Thompkins

MINE operators are concerned with temperature conditions in their mines, particularly the effects of high temperatures on the l1ealth and efficiency of tl1eir employees. This paper is written to focus attention on the variables of heat transfer between rock and air. It illustrates the difficulties of predicting the manner, and the extent, of heat transfer from theoretical concepts, prior to actual operation of a mine airway. There are ~1any sources of heat in mines. The most important is that of the rock surrounding the airway. This heat, in turn, is a product of the age of the rock, faulting, proximity to recent igneous activity, oxidation of sulphides, hot ground waters, etc. The sources of heat may be constant for any one mine, but they are far from constant when dealing with various mining districts or e1•en with a number of mines in the same district. A second source of heat is that produced by machinery in operation. Practically all the waste

Jan 1, 1962

By A. M. Brown, P. V. Straznicky

Dimpling as a means of flush countersinking rivets is an old process predominantly used in secondary structures. The introduction of GLARE as an aerospace material has renewed interest in dimpling and its possible application in primary structures. The dimpling process is able to prevent the creation of a machined knife-edge in the thin aluminum plies of the GLARE sheets. In addition, dimpling eliminates the need to use reduced height rivets, such as the NAS 1097 rivet style. This investigation expands on an earlier study into dimpling of GLARE by Rans and Straznicky. In order to tailor the dimpling process to GLARE, FEM simulations were developed. After verification, a study was performed to find the best parameters for dimpling GLARE3-2/l. Coupon fatigue tests were carried out and the dimpled joints demonstrated increased fatigue lives over the conventional machine countersunk joints. Future wide panel fatigue tests are planned to confirm the usefulness of dimpling thin GLARE laminates.

Jan 1, 2006

By Brian C. Asbury

Gold-bearing quartz veins with auriferou pyritic wall rock alteration haloes at the Komis deposit near Waddy Lake in northern Saskatchewan occur in fractured Archean intermediate volcanic rock flanking a plutonic felsic intrusion. Three ore zones totalling 1.5 million tonnes grading five g/t gold have resulted from a combination of patterns of high density of fracture-filling quartz veins created by contrasting competencies of four predominant rock types and preferential gold deposition in magnetitebearing andesite host rock. Pre-glacial surface weathering remobilized gold from a nearby pyritized intermediateto- felsic dyke to form the EP Zone with a wide variety of supergene accessory minerals. Much of the EP Zone wa eroded by glacial action to forn1 a highly anomalous gold-bearing till dispersion train which facilitated its di covery.

Jan 1, 1986

By Pierre Laliberté

L?utilisation de plusieurs nouvelles technologies et systèmes de contrôle visant des économies d?énergie dans une exploitation minière pourrait laisser croire qu?il suffit d?additionner les économies potentielles de chacune de ces technologies pour en évaluer l?économie totale. Une addition simpliste des pourcentages d?économie pourrait, dans certains cas, dépasser 100%, ce qui est évidemment totalement incohérent. Les LMSM-CANMET sont à réaliser une étude dont les résultats serviront à estimer l?influence de certaines technologies et systèmes de contrôle visant des économies d?énergie et à évaluer l?impact des unes sur les autres. En outre, un modèle de simulation est en cours de création afin d?évaluer les gains incrémentaux liés à l?application d?une série d?innovations dans une exploitation minière. La présentation fera le point sur l'état d'avancement du projet en plus de soumettre quelques exemples.

May 1, 2007

By W. A. Padgham, H. Helmstaedt

Field evidence for current hypothe e about age and kinematic ignificance of gold-bearing hear zones in the Archean Yellowkni fe greenstone belt is reviewed , and it is concluded that major disagreements between previous workers are a direct result of differences in stratigraphic and tructural in terpretations of the Yellowknife Supergroup. Although goldbearing hear zone appear to be confined to the mafic volcanic pile of the Kam Group. it can be shown that shearing affected all supracru tal rocks, including the Jackson Lake Formation. now con idered to represent the youngest unit of the Yellowknife Supergroup. tructural ob ervations are incompatible with the hypothe is that the hear zones represent loci of ynvolcanic gravity sliding but are consistent with earlier conclu ions that shear zone development commenced with rotation of the volcanic pile and continued as re ult of lateral shortening broadly overlapping with the emplacement of granitoid batholiths. Shear Zones are common throughout the entire green tone belt. yet productive zone are confined to the Yellowknife Bay Formation of the Kam Group and localized where flow abut with a high angle again t the contact of the We tern Plutonic complex. However. no obvious tructural and lithological features have been recognized that are more favorable for gold deposition and distinguish the shear zones and flows of the area around the mines from those of other parts of the greenstone belt. The model that gold wa transported by metamorphic solutions and that hear zones were the firs t-order control for gold deposition provides no explanation for the trong localization of the depo it . As porphyries with elevated gold contents are present in and near ome of the mines. the possibility that gold was deposited from hydrothermal system around fel ic intrusion representing early phases of the Western Plutonic complex should be given erious consideration.

Jan 1, 1986

By Maurice Lauzon

"Aerial surveys of the open pits have been conducted regularly at Lake Asbestos of Quebec, Ltd. -a subsidiary of American Smelting and Re-fining Company -since 1958. Ground controls are supplied by Lake Asbestos, and a topographic map of the pits at a scale of 1 in. to 50 ft., with 2-foot contour intervals, is obtained by aerial photography. The information from the topographic map is then transferred by the Lake Asbestos engineering staff to sections from which the volumes removed are calculated. Considering the size and complexity of the operation, this system has proved to be the cheapest, fastest and most accurate way of determining the quantities of rock and overburden removed. More than 11,000,000 tons of ore and waste are mined each year in three different pits. Further-more, the nature, shape and extent of the orebodies make it necessary to mine on many (up to eight) benches of a pit during a single year. In addition, there are sections of the pits where it is impossible or un-safe to survey the crest of some benches by standard ground methods. For these reasons, the tonnages obtained by truck count are checked and adjusted by aerial survey. These surveys are now taking place every six months. With this system, it is possible for a two-man surveying crew to look after all field work in the mine area."

Jan 1, 1967

By Joseph Licavoli, Paul Sanders, Yang Yang

"Al-Sc-Zr alloys form thermally stable L12 precipitates which provide high temperature strength. Although the overall fraction of L12 Al3Sc and Al3Zr may be increased by increasing scandium (Sc) and zirconium (Zr) content, such additions may increase primary phase fractions and do not produce desirable secondary phase morphologies. Rapid solidification techniques, such as melt spinning, increase solute atom concentration within the matrix. When the supersaturated matrix is aged, higher precipitate volume fractions at low Sc and Zr levels can be achieved improving high temperature strength. Melt spinning was used to rapidly solidify (107 k/s) a thin ribbon of Al-0.5Sc-0.4Zr at. %. The ribbon was compacted and extruded into 99.8% dense rods, and then aged using multi-step isochronal heat treatment up to 600°C. Precipitation strengthening was evaluated by ambient hardness measurement. The ambient hardness of melt-spun ribbon after precipitation hardening increased by 450 MPa (~67% increment) during isochronal heat treatment.INTRODUCTION Small Sc and Zr additions to aluminum improve strength and creep resistance above 300°C due to tri-aluminide precipitation of Al3(Sc,Zr) in L12 structures similar to ??, Ni3(Al,Ti) in nickel superalloy, but the Al3(Sc,Zr) particles have a Sc-rich core surrounded by Zr-rich shell (Figure 1). The Al3Zr shell limits atomic transport between the Al3Sc core and the matrix and reduces coherency strain. These factors reduce precipitate coarsening rate at elevated temperature (Bergner & Van Chi, 1977; Fujikawa, 1997; Knipling et al., 2011; Clouet et al., 2006).Figure 1. Simplified schematic model of precipitate Al(Sc,Zr) in Al-Sc-Zr alloy. Shell is rich of Al(Zr) intermetallic phase, particle core is rich of Al(Sc) intermetallic phase (after Voorhees, 2006). Numerous Al3(Sc,Zr) particles increase alloy strength and creep resistance as the precipitates impede dislocation glide and to a lesser extent climb. Previous work on ternary Al-Sc-Zr alloys show large strength increases versus binary Al-Sc, and Al-Zr alloys in Table 1."

Jan 1, 2018

By G. F. Doggett

In describing accounting methods at Lake Shore Mines, it is the intention of the writer to limit the discussion to the principal features of the system used in securing cost figures and other statistics. The subject can be conveniently treated under the following divisions: (1) Time-keeping and Labour Distribution (2) Supplies: Handling and Distribution (3) Method of Assembling Data for Cost Purposes (4) Details of Operating Costs Time-Keeping and Labour Distribution After a new employee has gone through the routine of being 'hired on', he is assigned an employment number corresponding with the group applying to his occupation. This is for identification purposes in the plant and time office. He is also given an individual serial number, the use of which will be refer-red to later. On entering and leaving the plant, each employee passes through the clock room adjoining the time office, where he registers the time in and out on time recorders, on the clock card (Figure 1) bearing his name and number. It is the duty each morning of the time clerk to extend the hours worked by each employee, as indicated by the clock for the previous day, and at the end of the half-month period the total hours are multiplied by the rate and entered in the space provided for total wages at the bottom of the card.

Jan 1, 1935

By J. Oyunaa, P. Munkhbaatar, A. Sarnai

"The molybdenum mining process used at Mongolia Erdenet Company is a selective flotation of molybdenite from the copper porphyry ores in which the extraction of molybdenum comes as a byproduct of the ongoing copper production.The mineralogical composition of molybdenum concentrate is 99.4% molybdenite (MoS2), 0.09% molybdenum oxide (MoO3), 0.52% powellite (CaMoO4) and wulfenite (PbMoO4) and content 47.76– 47.92% molybdenum, 1.5–2.67% copper, 0.04% renium.From compared solvents sodium and carbonate and ammonia are like extracted molybdenum than hydrochloric acid, which contained 96.23–97.72 p.c. of its total amount. Hence to take into consideration abundance, cheap and suitable for analysis and processing the molybdenum concentrate ammonia is choosing as a basic solvent. By direct evaporation of ammonia extract solution, we obtained ammonium ortomolybdate, which contains 73.47% MoO3. INTRODUCTIONMolybdenum occurs in the earth’s crust in an abundance of about 10–14%, mainly as molybdenite, MoS2. Small quantities are also associated with other metals having similar chemical properties. Thus wulfenite (PbMoO4) is found in oxidized parts of sulfidic lead deposits in many regions of the world; powellite [Ca(Mo,W)O4] is a calcium molybdate usually formed from the modification of molybdenite in deposits containing tungsten as scheelite (CaWO4) and tungsten substitutes for molybdenum up to about 10%. Ferrimolybdite (Fe2Mo3O12·8H2O) is the product of oxidation of molybdenite in the presence of iron (III) compounds. Molybdenite is the primary source of molybdenum. Should demand for molybdenum rise so that additional sources become necessary, wulfenite, powellite, and ferrimolybdite may become commercially significant. Molybdenum ore is mined by underground and open-pit methods. A typical primary molybdenum ore body contains 0.05–0.25% Mo, and secondary ore bodies (copper porphyry ores) average 0.3–1.6% Cu and 0.01–0.05% Mo. Flotation remains the preferred and almost exclusive method of upgrading the molybdenite mineral to an industrial-grade molybdenite concentrate containing 90–95% MoS2, the balance being gangue (Habashi, 1997)."

Jan 1, 2016

By Richard R. Walker, John J. Watkins, Allen C. Amos, Matulich. Angelo

THE KIDD CREEK MINE is located within the Abitibi greenstone belt, near its west end, in an area known as the Porcupine mining camp (Fig. 5). The Abitibi belt, long known for its many major gold and base metal deposits, is the largest Archean (early Precambrian) greenstone belt within the Canadian Shield. In the Porcupine area, the greenstone belt is composed principally of Keewatin (older Archean) basic to intermediate volcanics, with subordinate felsic volcanics developed• locally. Greywacke, mainly of volcanic derivation, occurs associated with and overlying these volcanics. Timiskaming (younger Archean) sediments, principally coarse clastics, unconformably overlie the Keewatin volcanics and sediments. The reader is referred to Goodwin and Ridler (1970) •r. for a more comprehensive description of the Abitibi belt.

Jan 1, 1974

By D. M. Ziebarth

"Normal sequence of operations to develop a new underground mine is: construct and outfit headframe for shaft sinking, sink shaft, construct and outfit shaft sump, develop shaft station and shaft bottom steel. In an effort to reduce the overall project schedule, an innovative plan was developed to install service shaft steel below station level, prior to the completion of the shaft sinking effort. To better evaluate the construction of this substantial steel tower, a preliminary constructability evaluation was conducted, including the best method of supporting the main tower; from the bottom, middle or top of the tower. The design criteria and plan involved: •,Develop access from existing service shaft, 25 km underground •,Use of materials to maximize strength while minimizing corrosion exposure •,Estimating the location of the shaft centerline •,Over excavating the station and shaft below station to allow future shaft steel repositioning •,Designing the tower steel for modular installation •,Incorporate commissioning considerations, such as suspension of the cheese weights during steel installation •,Provision for covered stair access to shaft bottom •,Enclosed shaft envelope with open panels to allow visibility and ventilation The design approach was innovative and this paper will describe the design principles and challenges encountered while providing insight into the solutions developed and implemented; especially the modular construction and installation methodology. INTRODUCTION In an effort to expand the mining operations, a plan was developed to construct a new service shaft closer to the new mine workings and convert the existing service shaft to a production shaft at the Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan Inc. (PCS now Nutrien) Rocanville Potash mine in southeast Saskatchewan. The new service shaft required a multi roped friction hoist operating a cage / counterweight, rope guided conveyances to support the operational requirements. The service shaft is an integral part of the mining infrastructure as it provides access to the underground workings, transport personnel and materials underground for operation and maintenance of the mine. The shaft also allows for services required for safe operation of the underground mine, power supply, controls, communication, dewatering and fresh water supply."

Jan 1, 2019

By Etienne S. Bieler

Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, I come to you tonight distinctly as a physicist, not as a geologist or a mining man. My experience in applied geophysics has been short, and I do not doubt that many of you have a much larger acquaintance: with the subject than I have. A little over a year ago, the firm of Alderson, MacKay & Armstrong decided to investigate the possibility of developing a new method of electrical prospecting suitable to our northern Quebec and northern Ontario conditions, and asked me to take up the work. A preliminary survey of existing literature convinced me that the field of induction methods was most promising. I wish to give you some account of the work carried on last summer in the Rouyn district in this connection with the very able assistance of Mr. H. G. I. Watson. Geophysical methods of prospecting can be divided generally into four classes: magnetic, electrical, gravitational, and seismic. Each class depends on the existence of a definite property in which the valuable mineral to be discovered differs materially from the surrounding rocks. In the four classes, the property will be, respectively, magnetic permeability, electrical conductivity, density, and elasticity. By far the largest differences occur in the case of electrical conductivity, where it is not rare to find ratios of the order of several millions, or even billions, between ores, sulphide ores especially, and the surrounding rock. Hence the sensitiveness and delicacy of electrical methods. Of these four classes, only two, the electrical and the magnetic methods, have been put to extensive practical use in the discovery of metallic ores. The other two classes are important mainly in connection with oil detection.

Jan 1, 1928

By Jim Excell, Jim Rothwell, Mike Rylati

"LocationThe Ekati Diamond mine is located at Lac de Gras, Northwest Territories.Brief Description of OperationBHP Diamonds Inc. has developed Canada's first diamond mine in the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada. BHP Diamonds Inc. is part of the BHP World Minerals Division ofBHP Minerals. The project is a joint venture between manager and operator BHP (51%) and the Blackwater Group (49%). The Blackwater Group comprises Dia Met Minerals Limited, Charles Fipke and Stewart Blusson.Production at the NWT diamonds project began in October with the mine officially opened October 14, 1998. The project is situated on an 853 000 acre claim block located in the Lac de Gras region of the NWT. It is about 300 km northeast of Yellowknife and 100 km south of the Arctic Circle. The seasonal winter ice road to the Echo Bay Lupin mine passes along the eastern margin of the project area. This allows road access each year from mid-January to mid-April. For the remainder of the year, the project is accessible only by air.HistoryIn 1980, Charles Fipke traced indicator minerals east from the Mackenzie River area. He discovered indicator minerals in the Lac de Gras area and staked mineral claims in 1989. A joint venture was formed between BHP and Dia Met in 1990, and in 1991, the first diamonds in the NWT were discovered at Point Lake by BHP and Dia Met. This initiated the largest staking rush in Canadian history. The joint venture launched an aggressive exploration program.Koala, Fox, and Leslie were identified in 1992 as potentially economic pipes.As soon as the project's potential was established, it was recognized that an enormous amount of work had to be completed in several areas before a mine could be developed, namely: technical evaluation of the resources; environmental and socio-economic evaluation to procure the necessary permits for the development; and engineering design to optimize mining and processing of the resource and to comply with specific environmental requirements."

Jan 1, 2000