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By George A. Packard

WHEN, in April, 1892, the writer began experimenting with the cyanide-process, it had already proved a success in the treatment of tailings, but had not become an important factor as a primary method of ore-treatment. The Livingston, Colorado, mill was running a few small agitators; the Mercur mill, in Utah, was said to be a success, but was " closed down to increase capacity; " and Mr. A. B. Paul, in Shasta county, California, was running ore'through a stamp-mill into leachingvats, using a weak cyanide solution in the battery. Mills had been, or were being, erected in Arizona; on the Comstock lode; and in South Dakota. Some of these never started, and several were shut down or remodelled for other processes. Altogether, the outlook was anything but favorable. Many of these mills were planned to make use of agits tion, and a cyanide solution containing at least 1 per cent. of potassium cyanide was employed. Since then the improvement of the process, both chemically and mechanically, has placed it among the recognized successful methods of oretreatment. Within the past year I have visited a large number of cyanide-mills, and have collected considerable data, of which I publish enough herewith to give an idea of the development of the process and of the methods followed in the principal mills. I would say, however, that nearly all of these plants are experimenting, most of them employing experienced chemists,

Jan 1, 1897

By Frederick Jr. Prime

THE first catalogue of Geological Reports of the United States was prepared by Prof. O. C. Marsh, and published in the American Journal of Science and Arts for 1867, vol. xliii, second series. Since then the list has more than doubled, and it was thought that the publication of a new catalogue, brought down to date, would be useful to many of the members of the Institute of Mining Engineers. The compiler will be most thankful to have any omissions or inaccuracies in the list sent to him, to be published as a supplement in the next volume of the Transactions. Especially to have the correct title, number of pages, plates, and maps of any volume on the list to which an * is prefixed, as he has been unable to personally consult such works. A preliminary list was issued last February, which has been almost doubled by the kindness of many friends. The writer desires more especially to express the obligations he is under to the following gentlemen The Chief of Engineers, U. S. A.; Principal Dawson, Mr. G. M. Dawson, Drs. B. J. Harrington and T. Sterry Hunt, of Montreal; Mr. H. Engelmann, of La Salle, Ill.; Dr. F. V. Hayden and Prof. J. W. Powell, U. S. Department of the Interior ; Prof. E. W. Hilgard, University of California; Prof. Henry Y. Hind, Windsor, N. S.; Prof. C. H. Hitchcock, of Dartmouth College; Mr. Henry A. Holmes, State Librarian, Albany; Maj. Jed. Hotchkiss, Staunton, Va. ; Prof. W. C. Kerr, Raleigh, N. C.; Dr. J. S. Newberry, of Columbia College ; Prof. W. H. Pettee, of the University of Michigan ; Dr. Samuel H. Scudder, Prof. N. S. Shaler, and Prof. J. D. Whitney, of Harvard College ; Mr. Sanderson Smith and Prof. J. J. Stevenson, of New York ; Mr. Addison Van Name, of Yale College, and Lieut. Geo. M. Wheeler, U. S. Engineers. PHILADELPHIA, 907 Walnut Street, October 1st, 1879.

Jan 1, 1879

Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey, P O Box 1106, New Haven, Conn W. E Britton, Superintendent. A complete list of Bulletins available will be sent upon request. Address all inquiries for publications to: George S Godard, State Librarian, Hartford, Conn Fifty-one Bulletins have been issued, 15 of which are of particular interest, dealing with the geology of the state, and are available as follows; 4, The clays and clay industries of Connecticut, by G. F Loughlin (1905), 35 cents; 8, Bibliography of Connecticut geology, by H E Gregory (1907), 20 cents, 13, The lithology of Connecticut, by J Barrell and G. F Loughlin (1910), 45 cents, 18, Triassic fishes of Connecticut, by C. R Eastman (1911), 30 cents, 23, Central Connecticut in the geologic past, by J. Barrell (1915), 20 cents, 24, Triassic life of the Connecticut Valley, by R Lull (1915), 70 cents, 29, The Quaternary geology of the New Haven region, Connecticut, by F. Ward (1920), 60 cents, 30, Drainage modifications, and glaciation in the Danbury region, Connecticut, by Ruth S. Harvey (1920), 55 cents, 33, Geology of the Stonington region, Connecticut, by L H. Martin (1925), 60 cents, 40, The geology of the Shepaug Aqueduct Tunnel, Litchfield County, Connecticut, by W M. Agar (1927), 50 cents; 41, Guide to the geology of Middletown, Connecticut, and Vicinity, by W. N Rice and W. G Foye (1927), $1, 44, Report on the water resources of Connecticut, by R. H Suttee (1928), $1, 46, The physical history of the Connecticut shoreline, by H S Sharp (1929), 75 cents; 47, The glacial geology of Connecticut, by R F. Flint (1929), $2, 51, Minerals of Connecticut, by J F Schairer (1932), 75 cents Bulletin 51 explains the physical and chemical properties of minerals, their classification, and describes more than 100 common minerals found in Connecticut. A bibliography is included The Survey gratuitously distributes all its Bulletins to state residents, scientific institutions, etc. Prices quoted are to private citizens of other states

Jan 1, 1933

(Members are urged to send in for this column any notes of interest concerning themselves or their fellow-members.) Members and guests who called at Institute headquarters during the period Mar. 10, 1916 to Apr. 10, 1916: R. C. Blanchard, London, England. George H. Packard, Boston, Mass. F. Lynwood Garrison, Philadelphia, Pa. Harvey B. Small, Mangangue, Colombia, S. A. S. A. Horton, Altoona, Pa. H. De Witt Smith, Kennecott, Alaska. J. S. Lane, New York City. Richard Tarantous, Terlingua, Tex. Harry T. Mercer, Painesdale, Mich. S. A. Taylor, Pittsburgh, Pa. A. L. Blomfield, for many years in the employ of Bewick, Moreing & Co. as metallurgist, and for the last eight years mill superintendent of the Golden Cycle mill at Colorado Springs, has become associated with The Dorr. Company as consulting metallurgical engineer, with headquarters at Denver. He retains his connection with the Golden Cycle mill as general superintendent.

Jan 5, 1916

By R. A. Wagstaff

The method of charging a reverberatory furnace has changed many times since smelting was introduced in this country from the old smelters of Swansea, England. The cause of the latest change at the Garfield plant has been the excessive fineness of the charge due to fine grinding in the concentration of the crude copper ores. The many desirable features of deep-bath smelting as now used at Garfield have been proved. The old method of dropping the charge through holes in the arch (known as center-feed method) causes excessive dusting which makes heavy slag and flue-dust losses, also rapid deterioration of the silica brickwork of the furnace through fusion with the iron oxides from the dust. The purpose of this paper is to describe a gun feeder that was designed to overcome the disadvantages of the older methods of center feeding and still maintain the good features of deep-bath smelting with the hot finer charge. A gun feeder was designed to introduce the finely divided hot calcines under the moving gas stream of the combustion zone and still have them spread in a uniform blanket over the highly heated matte bath. The temperature of the furnace was so great that it was impossible to maintain a stationary feeder, so a movable feeder was designed that could be introduced into the highly heated zone and be withdrawn after the charge had been dropped. It was necessary to protect the nozzle of the gun with a water-cooled coil. Many different types of protected nozzles were tried, such as air jackets, water jackets and heat-resisting steel alloys, but none proved satisfactory. The angle of inclination of the feeder was found to be an important factor in spreading the charge evenly over the surface of the bath. An angle of 34" to 37" was found to be the most advantageous. To allow a continuous flow of ore from the charge car to the point of discharge inside the furnace, the feeder was made with telescopic connections. The pipe leading from the car is stationary and forms the inside part of the telescope. The outside section of the telescope is movable, and is

Jan 1, 1934

By Lester Uren

Beginning with theoretical concepts of oil drainage, this paper demonstrates that the flow of petroleum into a well from a stratum of oil-saturated sand of uniform texture increases with the diameter of the well. This conclusion is supported by experimental evidence. It appears that if a well may be reamed to a diameter of 20 ft. within the oil sand, its production will be approximately doubled. A novel method is proposed for forming and supporting a cavity of such proportions within the oil-producing stratum. PETROLEUM occurs, in nature, as a fluid saturating the pore spaces between the grains of porous rocks or aggregations of rock particles such as sand, sandstone, conglomerate, shale, limestone, etc. The oil, under the influence of gas pressure, hydrostatic pressure, gravity, earth pressure, and, perhaps, other natural forces, is caused to flow through the porous "reservoir rock" into wells penetrating the stratum in which the oil occurs. The principal moving force is the pressure of dissolved or occluded natural gas within the oil, though this;, force is assisted by gravity and by the hydrostatic or buoyant pressure of ground water about the edges of the "pool." The wells, providing outlets to the surface, are centers of reduced pressure and the flow of rock fluids into a particular well is usually an expression of the difference in pressure existing between the space within the well and that of the stored oil .within the reservoir rock. The greater this differential pressure, the more rapidly will oil flow from the source rock into the well. Opposing movement of the oil from the reservoir rock into the well are certain natural forces related to the rock structure, such as pore friction and capillarity, and certain others related to the physical properties of the oil, such as viscosity and adhesion. The differential pressure between the well and the boundaries of the area drained by it must be sufficient to overcome the forces opposing flow if there is to be movement of oil into the well. If by any device the resistance to movement of the oil may be reduced, the oil will flow into the well at a more rapid rate and the effective area of drainage will be increased.

Jan 10, 1924

By Robert M. Jimeson, James M. Grout

The competitive market potential for solvent-refined coal is estimated and the market advantages are enumerated. Markets are possible in combustion, railroad locomotion, and carbon electrodes. The combustion characteristics are consistent with expected air pollution restrictions on the emission of sulfur and particulate matter. A market potential of sufficient size exists to support the initiation of solvent refining in the United States. The market analysis should help fuel producers determine the advisability of their undertaking solvent refining of coal.

Jan 1, 1972

By Otto Henry

THE purpose of this investigation was to determine the equilibrium diagram of the lithium-magnesium pair as a first step in studying the possible usefulness of these alloys as ultra-light structural materials. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE The behavior of lithium towards magnesium was first investigated by Masing and Tammann.(I)? In order to prevent oxidation the alloys were made in iron tubes under an atmosphere of hydrogen; temperatures were measured with a glass-protected thermocouple. These investigators found that lithium and magnesium form two series of solid solutions separated by a miscibility gap between 85 and 95 per cent magnesium; that the alloys with 81 and 95 per cent magnesium showed a homogeneous structure under microscopic examination, while the alloy with 89 per cent magnesium contained two distinguishable crystallites; that the curve indicating the beginning of crystallization rises from the melting point of lithium to that of magnesium; and that no compounds of lithium and magnesium are formed. The equilibrium diagram was not plotted because no definite data were obtained for determining the solidus and the posi-tion of the miscibility gap in the solid state. The difficulties encountered in this investigation were: (1) that it was necessary to heat them as high as the melting point of magnesium in order to obtain homogeneous melts; at such temperatures the alloys attacked the glass protecting the thermo-couple; and (2) that at temperatures above 400° C. the lithium united

Jan 1, 1934

By Masayuki Otagawa

THE mining methods adopted in Japanese mines are less known to the mining world than those of other countries, owing to the geographical remoteness, but they present many features of interest to mining engineers. The Ashio copper mine is at the village of Ashio, in Tochigiken, about 109 mi. (175 km.) from Tokyo by the Imperial Government railroad. The area of the concession owned by the Furukawa Mining Co. is 5000 acres (5023 ha.). The mine was formerly divided into three, viz.. Honzan, Kotaki, and Tsudo, which are distant 3 mi. (4.8 km.) from each other as shown in Fig. 1. However, in 1914, when the writer was general manager, the three mining plants were amalgamated into one with the result of simplifying the working projects and increasing the operat-ing efficiency. The mine was visited-by the Institute party in November, 1911, when Mr. K. Inouye was the general manager. Shortly afterward, the writer was appointed manager, and, in 1915, he was succeeded by Dr. K. Asano. At the end of 1917, Mr. K. Kibe became general manager and, after two years, was succeeded by the present manager, Mr. I. Sugimoto-. For some time Dr. J. Kojima was acting general manager. It is needless to say that the gentlemen mentioned are all members of the Institute, as is also Baron T. Furukawa, president of the company. Since the discovery of the enormous masses, called "kajika" or "bullhead" deposits; which the writer has described elsewhere,' the mining methods have been varied to meet the different conditions presented by these deposits.

Jan 2, 1922

By John Henry Harden

IN 1874, with Mr. H. Y. Attrill, of Baltimore, Md., I made an examination of some property at Goderich with reference to sinking for and mining salt. With this end in view we visited all the wells in the neighborhood, but the information sought being of so unreliable a character I advised the putting down of a borehole on the property. This has since been done, the result of which has lately been published by Dr. T. Sterry Hunt in the Toronto Globe. From this there appears to have been passed through six beds of salt of an aggregate thickness of 123 feet. Rock-salt was known to exist, for, by the boring of existing wells, small crystals had been brought to the surface in the dirt, but no attempt had before been made to obtain a reliable sample or to prove the number and thickness of the beds. The question now remaining for discussion is, shall the present method of obtaining the salt be continued, or shall the beds be won by a shaft in a regular mining fashion, by which means the salt may be gotten in a condition almost ready for the market? The present mode of obtaining salt is by boreholes from 6 inches to 8 inches in diameter drilled to the beds, into which is inserted a pump. The "feeders" of fresh water intersected in drilling the well are allowed to descend on the outside of the pump-tube to the salt beds and there become saturated, when, on use of the pump, brine is obtained for evaporation. In the beginning brine can only be had in limited quantity, but by the daily application of the pump, and the gradual solution of the salt, a larger surface becomes exposed to the action of the fresh water, and a continuous supply of brine is obtained. It will then be understood that the supply of brine is dependent upon the feeders of fresh water intersected in boring the well, which, we are told, have never shown any sign of diminution, and this is the water that must be encountered in sinking a shaft. There are ten wells in operation at Goderich, the most important one to the present project being known as the Hawley Well, located at an elevation a few feet above Lake Huron at the mouth of the river Maitland, at a much lower level and nearer to the proposed shaft than any other well in the district. At this well the feeders

Jan 1, 1877

Jan 1, 1968

By George Young

DURING the spring of 1910 I visited a number of open-pit brown-coal mines and underground workings in the vicinity of Halle, Halberstadt, Leipsic, Cologne and Bonn. The notes which I took and the observations which I made at the time have been condensed and make up the principal part of this paper. Certain supplementary information has been taken from several sources which are given in the paper. The mining of brown coal is one of the important industries of Germany. The coal varies in color from dark brown to almost black and is soft like loam. Pieces of wood and strips of bark and, even parts of tree trunks are frequently encountered in the excavation although the coal for the most part consists of a pulverulent, more or less matted mass of small particles of vegetal matter. It is a product between peat and lignitic coal. An analysis, taken from Coal Resources of the World shows the approximate composition of the material: Moisture, 53.73 per cent.; ash, 4.98; fixed carbon, 18.08; volatile carbon, 23.31 per cent. The principal characteristic is the amount of moisture. This seldom runs less than 48 per cent. The ash is usually low and ranges from 5 to 10 per cent. The sulphur content is usually less than 0.5 per cent. The heating effect of the fuel ranges from 2,000 to 2,500 calories.

Jan 2, 1916

By G. Stuart Jenkins

Conditions at the properties of the Consolidated Coal Co. had reached a point where improvements were almost impractical. The mines, sunk years ago, had shafts and entries so small as to preclude the use of large mine cars. A radical change was necessary in the type of mining and also in the type of mine to accommodate such haulage units. After due consideration, the company decided to enter the field of trackless mining, utilizing belt conveyors and chain-flight conveyors, the belt conveyors to take the long haul, and the chain-flight conveyors to be used for gathering. It was decided not to sink a shaft, hut to drive a slope on an inclination of 17½°, which the company believes to be about the limit on which coal can be carried on a belt without rolling back unduly. Sinking the Slope It was decided, in sinking the slope, to make an opencut until rock was reached, which was some 65 ft. below the surface, and then to drive the slope through an inclined tunnel from that point. In making the open-cut, the schedule called for the removal of about 25,000 cu. yd. of clay, holding the banks on an inclination of one and a half to one, the thought being to make this cut in a minimum of time, put in a reinforced concrete slope, and then back-fill. Difficulty was experienced because the clay was of a sort that was called "subsiding base" material by contractors visiting the job. In other words, a "squeeze" occurred, the pressure causing the floor of the cut to move up just as it does in many mines where the coal is underlain by thick fire clay and inadequate pillars have been left. It was necessary to move the waste banks back from the edge of the cut 700 or 800 ft., and even then the floor could not be controlled, the result being that almost 100,000 cu. yd. of clay was handled before the rock was reached. A concrete slope was then rapidly constructed, using 95 tons of special-shaped reinforcing iron. The floor of this slope was made 30 in. thick at the bottom, and 17 in. thick at the top, the sidewalls being 18 in.

Jan 1, 1940

By G. Stuart Jenkins

Conditions at the properties of the Consolidated Coal Co. had reached a point where improvements were almost impractical. The mines, sunk years ago, had shafts and entries so small as to preclude the use of large mine cars. A radical change was necessary in the type of mining and also in the type of mine to accommodate such haulage units. After due consideration, the company decided to enter the field of trackless mining, utilizing belt conveyors and chain-flight conveyors, the belt conveyors to take the long haul, and the chain-flight conveyors to be used for gathering. It was decided not to sink a shaft, hut to drive a slope on an inclination of 17½°, which the company believes to be about the limit on which coal can be carried on a belt without rolling back unduly. Sinking the Slope It was decided, in sinking the slope, to make an opencut until rock was reached, which was some 65 ft. below the surface, and then to drive the slope through an inclined tunnel from that point. In making the open-cut, the schedule called for the removal of about 25,000 cu. yd. of clay, holding the banks on an inclination of one and a half to one, the thought being to make this cut in a minimum of time, put in a reinforced concrete slope, and then back-fill. Difficulty was experienced because the clay was of a sort that was called "subsiding base" material by contractors visiting the job. In other words, a "squeeze" occurred, the pressure causing the floor of the cut to move up just as it does in many mines where the coal is underlain by thick fire clay and inadequate pillars have been left. It was necessary to move the waste banks back from the edge of the cut 700 or 800 ft., and even then the floor could not be controlled, the result being that almost 100,000 cu. yd. of clay was handled before the rock was reached. A concrete slope was then rapidly constructed, using 95 tons of special-shaped reinforcing iron. The floor of this slope was made 30 in. thick at the bottom, and 17 in. thick at the top, the sidewalls being 18 in.

Jan 1, 1940

IDO not want to omit anything in which fire or its operation has a part, if I know or can tell it, and have already told you so many other useful, powerful, and ingenious effects (finally of powder and other' fire deadly and very injurious to all living things, indeed, composed for the destruction of those who possess it as well as those who do not) but I do not want the end of my writing to be in tragedy. Therefore I wished to tell you how, from these fires composed of forceful and horrible mate¬rials bringing harm and terror to men, a happy and pleasing effect is also produced and, instead of fleeing from it, the people willingly go to see it. Among others I remember that it was once customary to use these in Florence and in Siena, more than elsewhere. The chief feast day celebrated. by one of these cities is the day of the birth of Saint John, and the other is the Assumption of Our Lady, on the fifteenth of the month of August. In the morning they visit the shrines with great devotion and solemnity, displaying their pomp as much as possible, and later they hunt lions, wild bulls, untamed horses, and many other animals. In the same public squares there was also erected as a decoration an edifice fixed in the ground in the middle of this space, or hanging from a heavy rope crossing between the loftiest points of equal height that could be found in that place. This they have done and still do, and perhaps in time to come will continue to do when opportune. This structure was usually of wood; indeed it is necessary that the latticework of its construction be made only of this. It was covered and en¬larged by tying and fastening hay on top to bring it almost to completion and then papier-mâché was applied. [165v] The figures were first appropriately painted and made of a combination of vessels one above the other, developing various decorative figures in relief which should represent some fable or history and should not appear haphazardly made or without understanding. Now the master proceeded to arrange these figures in a composition according to his skill or art of design, and likewise planned

Jan 1, 1942

INDEX TO TRANSACTIONS After a delay of many months, which is very much regretted, but which, it is hoped, will be one means of insuring a volume of accuracy where accuracy is very important, the Institute now has for distribution copies of the index of Volumes XXXVI to LV, inclusive. This is more than a mere index off names of authors and titles of papers. Every important topic under consideration by author or discusser is introduced under such key-word as will enable an engineer to locate the desired information with the minimum expenditure of time. This index sells for $5* in half morocco binding and $4*. in paper covers. With the index of Volumes II to XXXV (which sells for $5 in half morocco and $4 in paper covers), it forms a complete index of the first fifty-five volumes of the Institute's Transactions. These collective indexes are very valuable to members of the Institute, enabling them to look up matters in their own library; if they have the volumes to which the indexes refer, they can get the information at once, and, if not, they can readily determine whether or not a visit to a nearby public library is desirable.

Jan 7, 1918

By Walter Harvey Weed

In a previous paper upon the enrichment of mineral veins by later metallic sulphides,? the writer has shown that certain masses of rich ores, such as are found in many mines, either near the water-line or as bonanzas in depth, are of secondary origin, and are due to a leaching of lean ore and the concentration of the material by reaction between the solution and the unaltered ore below. The geological and mineralogical evidence is believed to form an adequate basis for a chemical and physical explanation of the phenomenon. In the present paper the writer will give a brief synopsis of this theory, and will apply it more particularly to deposits of the precious metals, laying special emphasis upon the dependence of such enrichments upon the presence of iron sulphide (as pyrite, etc.) in the primary ore, and upon structural features which control the circulation of the enriching solutions below the water-level. It is believed that many, though not all, of the bonanzas arid pay-shoots of rich sulphide ores, especially those carrying gold and silver, which are encountered in ore-deposits, are of such secondary origin. Apparently it is essential that the occurrence and structural relations of such ore-masses should be understood, as the success of the mine is often dependent upon the finding and extraction of these ores. A legitimate deduction, too, is that such ore-deposits decrease in value With depth. As my own studies have been mainly in Montana, my illustrations must be drawn from the ore-deposits of this and adjacent States, with such as I have noted in hurried visits else-

Jan 1, 1901

Harry HaRkness Stoek, whose sudden death on March 1,1923, was a great shock to his friends in all park of the country, was a man of remarkable personal characteristics and mental ability. Through an acquaintance with him of nearly 35 years, during 12 yeam of which I was intimately associated with him both in business and socially, I learned to appreciate his many high qualities, his strict adherence to high professional and social ideals, and his lovable traits of character. In this appreciation I was joined by every one who was thrown in close personal contact with him. He was a conscientious student, not given to hasty judgments, but when he formed an opinion he was positive in upholding it. At the same time, he was most courteous and kindly in combatting that which he believed was erroneous. In fact, I never knew a person of his attainments more modest, forceful and kindly, or one who had a keener sense of clean humor. In his private life,he was a devoted husband and father, a consistent communicant and worker in the Episcopal Church, and was charitable in all things. In fact, his whole life was marked by helpfulness to others and a determined and successful effort to "make the world better by his having lived in it." Doctor Stoek was born in Washington, D. C., Jan. 16, 1866. His early education was obtained in the public schools of that city and he graduated from the Central High School in the first class to graduate from a high school in Washington. He entered Lehigh University in 1883, graduated in 1887 with the degree of Bachelor of Science, and after a year of post-graduate study in mining and metallurgy he received the degree of Engineer of Mines. During the summer vacation in 1885, he served as an assistant in the Department of Mineralogy in the National Museum at Washington, and during the summer of 1887 acted as U. S. Government inspector of dredging on the Tharnes River, Connecticut. From June, 1888, to January, 1900, he was assistant engineer for the Susquehanna Coal Co., at Wilkes-Barre, Pa. From January, 1890, to June, 1893, he was Instructor in Mining, Metallurgy and Geology at Lehigh University, and had charge of all courses in mining and metdlurgical design, and the visits of students to mines and metallurgical

Jan 1, 1923

Harry HaRkness Stoek, whose sudden death on March 1,1923, was a great shock to his friends in all park of the country, was a man of remarkable personal characteristics and mental ability. Through an acquaintance with him of nearly 35 years, during 12 yeam of which I was intimately associated with him both in business and socially, I learned to appreciate his many high qualities, his strict adherence to high professional and social ideals, and his lovable traits of character. In this appreciation I was joined by every one who was thrown in close personal contact with him. He was a conscientious student, not given to hasty judgments, but when he formed an opinion he was positive in upholding it. At the same time, he was most courteous and kindly in combatting that which he believed was erroneous. In fact, I never knew a person of his attainments more modest, forceful and kindly, or one who had a keener sense of clean humor. In his private life,he was a devoted husband and father, a consistent communicant and worker in the Episcopal Church, and was charitable in all things. In fact, his whole life was marked by helpfulness to others and a determined and successful effort to "make the world better by his having lived in it." Doctor Stoek was born in Washington, D. C., Jan. 16, 1866. His early education was obtained in the public schools of that city and he graduated from the Central High School in the first class to graduate from a high school in Washington. He entered Lehigh University in 1883, graduated in 1887 with the degree of Bachelor of Science, and after a year of post-graduate study in mining and metallurgy he received the degree of Engineer of Mines. During the summer vacation in 1885, he served as an assistant in the Department of Mineralogy in the National Museum at Washington, and during the summer of 1887 acted as U. S. Government inspector of dredging on the Tharnes River, Connecticut. From June, 1888, to January, 1900, he was assistant engineer for the Susquehanna Coal Co., at Wilkes-Barre, Pa. From January, 1890, to June, 1893, he was Instructor in Mining, Metallurgy and Geology at Lehigh University, and had charge of all courses in mining and metdlurgical design, and the visits of students to mines and metallurgical

Jan 1, 1923

By Mark Sheppard

DURING the winter of 1937, the writer visited a West Virginia stone, quarry at which the overburden is stripped hydraulically. The quarry is in a bed of limestone, about 200 ft. thick, which outcrops on a hillside above a small river; the quarry face is 175 ft. high. The top of the stone is cut in all directions by erosion channels, which are filled with a tough, red clay. Some of the larger channels are 30 ft. deep and 8 ft. wide, The thickness of the clay overburden ranges from a few inches to 10 ft., the average being estimated as less than 3 feet. The topography of the district is rugged, and the hillside above the quarry face is not suited to the use of the usual mechanical methods of moving dirt. Until hydraulicking was started 10 years ago, the over-burden was dug by hand labor, dumped to the quarry floor and trans-ported to the dump in quarry cars, Cleaning deep channels was a slow and expensive process. When hydraulicking was started, the top of the quarry face was over 200 ft. above the level of the river. The pipe line was carried in a semi-circle around the top of the quarry about 200 ft. from the face and about 50 ft, above it. As there is no adequate supply of water above the quarry, the water must be pumped from the river: As quarrying pro-gressed the pipe line was moved until the discharge points are now over 300 ft. above the river. Water is pumped from the river by a four-stage centrifugal pump having a 5-in. intake and a 4-in. discharge. It is direct-connected to a 200-hp,, 2300-volt, 1760-r.p.m. induction motor. At 1760 r.p.m. the rated capacity of the pump is 750 gal. per minute under a head of 600 ft. The pump is installed in a house of frame construction on the river bank, about 10 ft, above normal water level, which also houses the pump for the mill-water supply. Above the pumps are hoisting hays into which the motors are raised whenever the river reaches flood stage.

Jan 1, 1938