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By David Atkin

This paper presents methods and results of environmental planning conducted for a proposed coal and iron ore transshipment terminal which would be located on reclaimed land west of Lisbon, Portugal. Oceanographic, navigational, marine, structural, material handling, and financial studies of the terminal were conducted along with the environmental analyses. However, because of the proximity of the terminal to heavily used recreational resources, residential areas, and biologically valuable habitat, anticipating and reducing the environmental effects of the terminal to minimum levels was a very important part of the overall project. The results of the study indicate that even the impacts associated with worst-case conditions would be acceptable because of appropriate pollution control measures and planning.

Jan 1, 1983

By Chee S. Theng

As the 2016 president of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration Inc., I am pleased to present the 2016 issue of the Transactions of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration Inc., Vol. 340. A significant portion of the contribution that we make as a professional society is the publication of professional and technical papers that accelerate the advancement of scientific knowledge and enable the transfer of technology. Communication within the mining community is the key to a successful society. This technology exchange continues a tradition that dates back to the 1871 meeting of 22 mining engineers in Wilkes-Barre, PA, that resulted in the founding of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers (AIME). Those individuals envisioned that these transaction volumes “would form a most valuable and greatly needed addition to our professional literature.” This volume fulfills that pledge. The 2016 Transactions contains some of the most interesting research and insights from the past year and features an international slate of authors spanning industry, academia and government. Papers include the latest findings from the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and special-issue articles on process development testing. The 2016 Transactions consists of a total of 65 technical papers, encompassing all 21 papers published in 2016 in the Technical Papers Section of Mining Engineering (Vol. 68) and all 27 papers published in 2016 in Minerals & Metallurgical Processing (Vol. 33). Additionally, this volume contains 17 papers that are being published for the first time in this issue. The papers presented in this volume were written by some of the most distinguished professionals in the industry worldwide. All of the technical papers were peer-reviewed. The process of review and publication requires much hard work by authors, reviewers and our publications staff. As the 2016 president of SME and on behalf of all our members, I would like to extend our gratitude to all whose volunteer efforts contributed to the publication of this volume.

Jan 1, 2016

By J. N. Hartley

Uranium mill tailings, waste products of uranium extraction, contain hazardous constituents that if released into the atmosphere and groundwater could threaten our health and environment. To provide for safe disposal and control of these tailings, Congress enacted the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-604). Subsequently, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established standards for tailings disposal that limit radon emission into the air to 20 pCi m-2s-1 on an annual average basis (EPA 1983). The design life of the impoundment is to be 1000 years where practicable, but 200 years at least. To facilitate the design of containment systems that will meet the EPA standards, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and the Department of Energy (DOE) are sponsoring research at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL)* to develop the necessary technology. Earthen and asphalt materials have been evaluated for use as radon barriers (Hartley 1983) and as liners to minimize leaching (Buelt 1983). Herbicide and rock barriers against biological intrusion have been evaluated (Cline 1982). Surface stabilization techniques have been investigated to maintain the long-term effectiveness of a containment system that must be protected from wind and water erosion, chemical and physical degradation, and biological disturbance.

Jan 1, 1984

By C. B. Manula

The Crushed Stone Industry plays an important role in Pennsylvania's mineral economy. During 1965, the total production of crushed and broken stone in the United States reached 780 million tons from which 57 million tons were produced in Pennsylvania (Mineral Industries Surveys, 1966). It is further significant that Pennsylvania is the nation's leading crushed stone producer. Future trends in stone production will quite likely parallel those in the construction industry. Stone and stone products are finding greater and more varied uses each year. Continued record expenditures for structures such as dams, highways and buildings are the prime reasons for this accelerated growth in demand. Completion of the interstate road system and the maintenance of Pennsylvania's already expanded highway system form the essentials for this expanding market.

Jan 1, 1968

By H. A. Stoess

The Minerals Industry makes heavy demands for and on its Material Handling equipment. It also gives progressive management the opportunity for considerable savings, ad consequently increased profits. In some cases, cost of Materials Handling amounts to 40°/o of the total cost of the ultimate product. Handling costs are hidden in overhead, indirect labor, excessive maintenance, productive workers performing handling tasks, and, a great many more. Even though Materials Handling is the oldest occupation of mankind, it is only within the past twenty years that it has emerged as a specialized field. While this industry has made full use of all types of mechanical and vibratory conveyors, pneumatic conveyors in their proper application can be a distinct asset. me use of pneumatic conveyors by this industry however is limited- to a certain extent by the particle size of your products through the various phases of manufacture, as well as their bulk density. However, with increasing knowledge of the fluidization of dry materials, their use is becoming more wide spread.

Jan 1, 1962

By A. M. Raichur

Flocculation of fine coal is usually accomplished with the addition of commercially available organic flocculants. Recently it has been shown that biopolymers derived from microorganisms can be used to flocculate coal. The biopolymers flocculate coal efficiently and render the coal surface hydrophobic. The increase in hydrophobicity can be utilized either to separate the coal flocs from mineral matter. It can also be used for reducing the moisture content of fine coal. In this regard, flocculation and settling tests of fine coal with biopolymers and synthetic flocculants was undertaken and the results are discussed here. Also, a transport model was developed for the time-dependent settling tests for fine coal.

Jan 1, 1996

By Aliakbar Golshani, Behnam Eslami

"Surface settlement adjacent to sensitive structures is a challenging issue in the tunnel engineering. In this study, 3D simulation of TBM excavation has been performed with the FLAC3D code and then the results compared with real monitoring data. Sensitivity analysis was carried out for all parameters affecting the surface settlement, such as the tail void grouting pressure (Pt), the face pressure (Pf), the tunnel diameter (D), overburden (q), shield thickness (t) and the length of the shield (L). The results show that the face pressure, tail void grouting and tunnel diameter have a considerable effect on the maximum ground displacement.In this paper, the monitoring data from Mashhad Metro was used to verify the numerical simulation. Data monitoring for about 47 sections between A2 and D2 stations was selected and a multiple regression analysis was performed. Based on this analysis, an empirical relationship was obtained for the coefficient of regression relationship which confirmed the sensitivity analysis.INTRODUCTIONThe surface settlement due to tunnel excavation is a complex issue, since the surface displacement is a function of several parameters that they are related to the excavation method, soil characteristics and TBM elements. Prediction of deformation is a very important issue, especially in urban areas, since these displacements may be affected the superficial structures. In recent studies, one of the most popular empirical relationships that is used to predict the surface displacement has gussian curve that it was suggested by Peck [1, 2]. An analytical relationship was proposed by Chow that its base assume was isotropic of soil, that surface settlement can be estimated based on the tunnel geometry and the shear modulus(G) [3]. Besides these methods numerical approaches such as the Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Finite Difference Method (FDM) have been used over the last twenty years, since numerical modeling has a high capability to simulation a complex soil conditions and irregular geometry [4]. In this study, all aspects of the EPB-TBM on Mashad Metro Line 2 were modeled and the most important influences on surface displacement in urban areas were determined [1, 3]."

Jan 1, 2016

By Gordon M. Pugh, David G. Rasmussen

INTRODUCTION The two unit operations in cut-and-fill stoping that would benefit most from increased mechanization are drilling blastholes and moving broken ore to the ore¬passes. Drilling in current practice is done with hand¬held jackleg and stoper drills. Broken ore is commonly moved from the face to the orepass by a small slusher. This type of equipment can be easily moved through the raises. Hand-held drills have a slow drilling rate and require one operator for each machine. Drilling can be done much faster by small jumbo-mounted machines as two or more drills can be operated by one miner. Load-haul-dump (LHD) units move broken ore from the face to one or more orepasses at a much faster rate with less loss and dilution than slushers. These units are mobile and may be used at more than one place during a shift. The problem which must be overcome in applying this higher degree of mechanization is the restricted means of access inherent in current practices. Cut-and¬fill methods are usually applied to mining veins that are narrow, irregular in dip and strike, or where ground con¬ditions require the support of sand fill. The mechanized equipment which is needed to accomplish high produc¬tion cannot be raised or lowered through raises without being disassembled. A jumbo which will give the desired performance would be mounted on a rubber-tired carriage with a diesel engine for propulsion. Twin hydraulic booms run by a small air motor would carry pneumatic drills. Over¬all dimensions of the unit would be about 8 m (26 ft) in length, 1.6 m (5'/z ft) in width, and 1.6 m (5'/z ft) in height. An LHD of the desired capacity would be rubber¬tired and either diesel or electric-powered. The overall dimensions of a 2.3-m (3-cu yd) unit will be about 8 m (26 ft) in length, 1.8 m (6 ft) in width, and 1.5 m (5 ft) in height. It will weigh about 12 700 kg (28,000 1b). It can readily be seen that conventional raises can¬not handle this size equipment. The most desirable means of access enables equipment to be driven into the stoping areas. Ramps can enter the stope by being driven upward in the vein walls or by being developed in the vein on top of the fill as the stope advances. This ramp system not only permits the use of rubber-tired equipment in multiple working places but also enables its removal for repairs without component breakdown. In the proposed method, as in conventional cut-and¬fill stoping, sand fill will replace the mined-out ore. By constructing an inclined timber floor at one end of the stope, a ramp can be maintained on top of the fill and advanced as the stope is advanced cut by cut (Fig. 1). The ramp is, therefore, developed during the stoping process and is only driven as a tunnel when rising over and around the sill and crown pillars. A stoping section consists of three blocks of different geometric shapes. The first and last blocks to be mined will be triangular in the plane of the vein, and the blocks between will have the shape of parallelograms (Fig. 1). The first block will develop the initial ramp by breast stoping and filling to the ramp floor (Fig. 2). The ramp will need to be completed through to the next level be¬fore stoping of the subsequent block can begin. The subsequent blocks are mined by back stoping with the next ramp being developed at the other end of that block (Fig. 3). The length of each subsequent block can be varied without changing the slope of the ramp. As the new ramp is developed, the previous ramp is filled along with the stope cut. Access up and down is maintained through the stope. The final block is again breast stoped as no new ramp will be developed at the end line for jumbo egress. Boreholes provide ventilation between levels as well as utility access. They can also provide a secondary escapeway for personnel during periods of development. These boreholes would be located about 3 to 4.5 m (10 to 15 ft) in the footwall and spaced about 183 m (600 ft) apart along the vein. The orepasses are spaced about 61 m (200 ft) apart in the vein. This spacing allows not only a short tram for the LHD unit but also provides surge capacity for the ore between haulage trains. These passes are raised from the haulage levels. As development progresses, the raises are driven through the sill pillar, and then car¬ried in the fill as stoping progresses. Ventilation and utilities can be maintained through an orepass when it is not needed for ore. The end line orepasses are intended for this purpose as well as for personnel emergency egress. Overall dimensions and criteria assumed to illustrate the ramp method of access in a highly mechanized cut¬and-fill stope are: haulage level spacing of 61 m (200 ft); ramp gradient of 17%; average dip of approximately 1.57 rad (90°); initial stope length of 358 m (1177 ft); subsequent stope length of 179 m (588 ft); average stoping width of 3 m (10 ft) ; sill pillar thickness of 3.6 m (12 ft); crown pillar thickness of 1.8 m (6 ft); bored raises of 1.5-m (5-ft) diam; and cribbed orepasses of 1.2 x 1.2 m (4 x 4 ft) through the sill pillar and 1.2 m (4 ft) square inside the cribbed portion. DEVELOPMENT The ramp access system lends itself well to conduct¬ing the several phases of development concurrently. Haulage Drifts and Raises The first development step will be to drive the 3 x 3-m (10 x 10-ft) haulage drifts above and below

Jan 1, 1982

By Sakshi Hazuria Anderson, Angela Binder, Oscar Jaime Restrepo Baena, Simit Raval, Sandra Nowosad

As the mining industry faces times of change, new challenges arise to ensure raw material supply for the younger and future generations. Different scenarios are currently shaping the way we mine and teach mining engineering. Led by an increasing demand for raw materials, net zero requirements for improving long-term operation performance, technological advancements such as automation and digitalization, safety improvements, environmental considerations and a need for social acceptance, mining is pursuing to change and adapt to these requirements at a faster pace. Such changing times raise new concerns, one of the most relevant is the lower number of students interested or enrolling in mining engineering and related fields leaving mining engineering as one of the less preferred career options between the younger generations. Nonetheless, it is essential to continue addressing and supplying the skill sets that are suited to the contemporary and future mining industry. To this end, globally, academia is currently undergoing several initiatives such as curricula updates and adaptation, up skilling, improving teaching practices and techniques, including e-learning techniques, enhancing industry-academia and inter-university collaboration, and much more. In countries like Australia, where mining plays a crucial role in the economy, the need for curriculum updates is more pressing than ever. As the mining industry evolves with new technologies and sustainable practices, there is a growing demand for a workforce skilled in these modern approaches. Recognizing this necessity, universities such as the University of New South Wales and Curtin University have taken significant steps to revamp their educational programs. By updating their academic offerings, both universities aim to equip graduates with the necessary skills to drive innovation and sustainability in mining, supporting Australia’s development as a leader in this critical sector. Moreover, the selection of topics that drive curricula update and the focus of the research institutions in mining engineering must extend beyond mere technological and technical aspects to include social and ethical dimensions. In this context, the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, in association with the Colorado School of Mines, has introduced the topic of Humanitarian Engineering (HE) in 2020. HE is a socio-technical approach that focuses on developing engineering solutions that promote the sustainable development of communities addressing their basic needs and aiming to improve their quality of life (10, 18). By focusing on sustainable development, community engagement, and equitable resource distribution, HE helps the industry build positive relationships with stakeholders, reduce conflicts, and foster social license to operate. As the mining industry seeks sustainable and socially responsible practices, future engineers require training in this area to understand the broader impacts of their work, fostering a mindset that prioritizes community well-being and environmental stewardship alongside technical proficiency.

Feb 1, 2025

By Shi Wang, Hongbin Liu, Meiliang Wei, Wu Liu, Xiaojun Wang, Yuxian Ke, Xuepeng Song, Tiejun Tao

The study investigates the influence of water migration on the fluidity of fresh cemented paste backfill (CPB) with and without flocculant under variable shear rates. The research utilizes nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), rheological tests, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze water migration, rheological properties, and microstructure evolution. The findings reveal that water migrates to more stable states as shear rate increases, and the addition of flocculant enhances water migration and increases shear stress and apparent viscosity. The study establishes relationships between water content and rheological parameters, providing insights into the flow characteristics of fresh CPB for pipeline transportation.

May 4, 2022

By James O. Glanville

Ice frozen from a dilute chemical solution is mechanically weaker than ice frozen from pure water. This phenomenon is the basis of a practical method for reducing the strength of a mass of frozen coal. If a chemical additive is applied to moist coal, prior to its shipment during freezing weather, the resulting frozen coal can be more easily broken than in the absence of the chemical additive. This greatly expedites the unloading and handling of coal during winter. There has been considerable research into the nature and mechanical strength of ice frozen from various solutions. The literature relating to this process has been reviewed as has the literature relating to the chemical treatment of coal and mineral particulates. Some important articles are discussed and speculations are made about the nature of the ice-weakening process. A laboratory evaluation of the effects of chemical additives on the mechanical strength of ice and frozen coal has been made. An apparatus designed for this purpose is described, and some results obtained with it are discussed.

Jan 1, 1980

By Edward A. Nowatzki

The purpose of this paper is to present an example of the application of a theoretically derived mathematical model for track-soil interaction to the evaluation of the mobility of large-scale mining equipment used in open pit operations. The model described by Karafiath and Nowatzki (1978) and presented in detail by Karafiath (1978) was used to predict the performance characteristics of four different bucket wheel excavators (BWEs) on rwo types of copper mill tailings at various moisture conditions. The BWEs considered In the analyses are two-and three-tracked continuous excavators. Most have boom-mounted rotating buckets and swinging side- or rear-discharge conveyors. The analyses were performed at the request of Dames and Moore for the Kennecott Corporation's proposed remining of selected tailings deposits at the McGill, Nevada, concentrator. The objectives of the analyses were to determine whether BWEs would have sufficient mobility In the tailings deposit to achieve satisfactory production rates, and TO compare the predicted performance of the various BWEs evaluated. Good qualitative agreement was obtained between the results of the theoretical analyses performed for the McGil1 operation and the actual performance of BWEs in two South African gold mine tailings impoundments.

Jan 1, 1980

By Henry E. Reed

This presentation is about a small company, Industrial Mineral Products, that was formed in 1972 with one product and one customer and by a series of value-added changes avoided disaster and increased sales many times over. The principal of the company stopped by my office in Seattle looking for industrial mineral opportunities in the Northwest. We got together and went through all the minerals in Ladoo's "Industrial Minerals" from Abrasives to Zircon to see if we could find something available on the vast holdings of the Burlington Northern. At that time one of our lessees was operating a silica sand mine near Ravensdale, Washington and indicated that he might be interested in selling out. This sounded interesting to my client and within two weeks the transaction was completed.

Jan 1, 1990

By D. C. Martin

Stability analysis and design of open pit slopes is generally based on an assessment of rock cores and rock exposures on surface or in underground workings. Until recently, core for such assessments has been readily available from exploration drilling programs. In recent years, many exploration programs have reduced the amount of coring and rely more heavily on less expensive rotary or percussion drilling programs where drill cut-tings are sampled for geological evaluation and assay. This paper describes a technique whereby costs of the geotechnical investigation are reduced by using rotary percussion drilling information to assess geotechnical properties of the rock mass. A limited number of core holes are required to establish basic relationships between the mechanical properties of core and the characteristics of the percussion chips. These properties are used as a basis to extrapolate the coring information to encompass the entire area of the rock mass for which percussion drilling information is available.

Jan 1, 1990

By Y. M. Jiang

Many underground instabilities, such as excessive shield loading and roof falls, occur at longwall faces causing safety problems and production losses. Such instability problems are directly related to roof conditions which can be categorized using geological information. . However, most geologic information describing anomalies and variations of immediate and main roofs are not available before mining resulting in unexpected problems in a longwall face. It is apparent that the evaluation of these geologic anomalies provides a great benefit for longwall stability. The purpose of this study is to evaluate roof categories associated with geological anomalies employing fuzzy set theory. The evaluation is based on real-time monitoring information, such as shield leg pressure, developing load on shields, intervals of periodic weighting, and the ratio of developing loads during periodic to normal times. This paper introduces the application of fuzzy set theory for characterizing roof conditions and evaluating of roof similarities.

Jan 1, 1995

By Paul O. Knorr

The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), a bureau within the U.S. Department of the Interior, has responsibility over both energy and non-energy mineral development on the United States Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) under the OCS Lands Act (“OCSLA”). BOEM’s Marine Minerals Program (MMP) manages federal offshore mineral deposits through non-competitive, negotiated agreements for sand and gravel (“sand”) used in coastal restoration efforts and the competitive leasing of critical and hard economic minerals (“critical minerals”). As the steward of OCS critical minerals, BOEM MMP is responsible for understanding where critical minerals are located, identifying and understanding their environments, managing activities that affect these resources, and implementing pertinent federal policies. Fulfilling these responsibilities involves the collection and analysis of environmental, geological, and geophysical data; supporting the science needed to understand the impacts of resourcerelated authorized activities on the biological, physical, and sociocultural environments; encouraging emerging technologies that can reduce the environmental impact of activities; and communicating with stakeholders to foster an understanding of existing federal regulations and potential needs to revise the legal framework. Four U.S. federal rules in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) currently inform MMP’s procedures: 30 CFR 580 (prospecting for minerals), 30 CFR 581 (leasing of minerals), 30 CFR 582 (operations in the OCS related to minerals), and 30 CFR 583 (negotiated noncompetitive agreements for sand). Other federal laws and regulations are also pertinent, particularly those supporting the National Environmental Policy Act, Endangered Species Act, National Historic Preservation Act, Marine Mammal Protection Act, Coastal Zone Management Act, Clean Air Act, Federal Water Pollution Control Act, and Magnuson Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act.

Feb 22, 2026

By Greg Sanders, Bill Lueck, Michael Gilbert, Mahmood Khwaja

"The city of Minneapolis contracted with CDM Smith to update and provide a conceptual design for improvements to mitigate surcharge flooding in the Central City Storm Water Tunnel System (CCSTS). As a part of the project, CDM Smith conducted a field survey and condition assessment of the existing tunnel system. Information from the survey was then used to update the existing XPSWMM model and develop system wide alternatives.The CCSTS provides storm-water runoff drainage for nearly the entire area of the city’s downtown commercial district. The system consists of deep storm-water tunnels constructed in the St. Peter Sandstone, approximately 21 m (70 ft) below the street’s surface. The primary tunnels comprising the Central City storm water tunnel system are located below Hennepin Avenue, Nicollet Mall, Lesalle Avenue, Marquette Avenue South, 2nd Avenue South, South 5th Street, Washington Avenue South, Portland Avenue South, 2nd Street South, and Chicago Avenue South, as shown in Fig. 1. This network of tunnels conveys the runoff from a 305-acre tributary area that is generally bound by Hennepin Avenue and 1st Avenue North to the east, 12th Street to the south, 4th Avenue South and 7th Avenue South to the west, and 2nd Street South. These tunnels were constructed between 1936 and 1940, except for the Marquette Avenue South tunnel, which was constructed between 1963 and 1964.The CCSTS operates as a gravity flow system. These tunnels were constructed within the St. Peter Sandstone layer of bedrock and emerge from the bedrock at the Mississippi River below St. Anthony Falls. The Central City and the adjacent Chicago Avenue tunnel system converge into a single outfall at the Mississippi River. The runoff discharges from the converged outfall to a side channel of the Mississippi River, called a tailrace, located near the Guthrie Theater. The Minneapolis Division of Surface Water and Sewers provided 32 historic plats detailing the plan and profile of the tunnel system.The tunnel plans show nine different cross-section configurations. Eight configurations within the overall system generally show the same geometric “cathedral” shape with the inside dimensions varying from 1.2 to 1.8 m (4 to 6 ft) in width and 1.8 to 2.4 m (6 to 8 ft) in height. For analysis, these eight configurations were reduced to three configurations with regards to tunnel liner, cross-sectional area and support. For simplicity, the three configurations are described according to the three types of tunnel support used during construction: none required, light timber and heavy timber"

Jun 1, 2019

By V. Voller

A relatively simple model of grinding which incorporates both the Bond grindability equations and the population balance equations has been extended to form a comprehensive simulation package that can describe most kinds of conventional grinding circuits. The package has two programs, with the first consisting of an input program which helps the user to specify the prescribed circuit, while the second program performs the actual simulation. The package serves two main purposes - i) as a check on mill design, with the output providing not only predictions for the product passing size but also of the full product size distribution, and ii) as a means to assess the likely effects on the product size distribution of operating under different sets of conditions.

Jan 1, 1981

By Richard J. Lewandowski

Corrosion and product contamination have been difficult problems for extractive metallurgy industries in the U.S. because of the highly active chemicals used. During the past twelve years, other industries, particularly the chemical and paper segments, began to combat this problem with some degree of success using newer materials of construction, including reinforced plastics. These materials are made by combining a corrosion resistant thermosetting resin with a glass fiber reinforcing material and are used to con¬struct hoods, stacks, blowers, tanks, towers, pipe, and equipment of the most complex configurations. For service in contact with aggressive chemicals, the equipment is most often fabricated with the bisphenol-A fumarate polyester resins because of their resistance to corrosive attack. Data from both laboratory work and case histories of field applications are presented-for many common chemicals found in extractive processes. Information is also presented concerning design standards and recommended construction procedures

Jan 1, 1970

The 25th Peruvian Mining Convention (Convención de Ingeneieros de-Minas del Perú) was held Sept. 10-14, 2001, in Arequipa, Peru. The biennual meeting, sponsored by the Peruvian Institute of Mining Engineers (Instituto de Ingeneiros de Minas del Peru), is designed to showcase the Peruvian mining industry and to ?promote progress in the national mining sector.? The convention consisted of technical sessions, forums, field trips and social activities. The technical sessions featured 80 papers selected from more than 200 papers submitted. The well-organized 2001 meeting was held at the Tecsup Institute of Technology of Arequipa. The meeting was held in conjunction with Exposición Technologica Minera (Extemin), a mining trade exhibition. The2001 Extemin had representatives from more than 400 companies in attendance. In addition to the many Peruvian companies present, the trade exhibition featured pavilions representing the United States, Canada, Germany, Australia and Chile. Registration at the 2001 meeting was about 3,300, a conference record. The theme for the 2001 meeting was Mining: Society and Development. Mario Brescia was chairman of the organizing committee. He said in his opening remarks that ?this year?s meeting seeks to emphasize the commitment on the part of the [mining] companies to treat our natural resources responsibly, controlling any adverse impacts and giving priority to group benefits.? Consistent with this theme, many of the technical papers stressed environmental and social responsibility. Many successful examples of environ-mental and social responsibility on the part of the mining industry were presented in the technical sessions.

Jan 1, 2001