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By Edward H. Robie

THE registration badges gave out, there were not enough programs, the Pioneer Hotel's rooms were insufficient, and some hundred applicants for banquet tickets had to be turned down at the Institute's Regional Meeting in Tucson, Nov. 1-5. Minor inconveniences these, however, occasioned by the fact that, optimistic as they are in Arizona, about half again as many partook of the week's activities as were expected. For this, the local program committee can be blamed-both the technical and social features were too attractive in quantity and quality. Seriously speaking, though, the Institute has probably never had a more successful Regional Meeting than this one. It being the first that has been held in Arizona in 22 years, no effort was spared to make it the distinctive gathering that it was.

Jan 1, 1938

By Finney, W. R.

MUCH has been said and written of the "Big Inch," of the terrific obstacles encountered in its construction, of the colorful and tough men engaged in its building, but little has been publicized of the engineering and economic problems behind the scenes. Long before Pearl Harbor it was apparent to the petroleum industry that a critical oil shortage could be expected along the Atlantic seaboard, owing to delay in tanker deliveries as a result of convoy movements, and to allocation of vessels for foreign shipments. This area, with a normal consumption of approximately 1,800,000 barrels per day of oil and products, was almost entirely supplied by tanker. Pipe lines supplied an average of only 20,000 barrels per day in 1939, 40,300 barrels per day in 1940, and 55,000 barrels per day in 1941. A small amount of oil and products was also delivered via barge.

Jan 1, 1943

By Michael Tenenbaum

Selected characteristics of nonmetallic phases were determined in low-carbon sheet steels which had been produced by various refining; deoxidizing, and casting procedures. The results showed little influence of the refining process on the quantity, distribution, size, and character of the nonmetallic phases. The quantity of inclusions was governed by the deoxidation procedures. While the mode of casting influenced the internal structure and the pattern of inclusion distribution, it had little effect on the quantity of nonmetallics. The vast majority of inclusions were under 30 µ in diam, and there was little change in size distribution during hot and cold rolling. The composition and structure of the inclusions were expained an the basis of known equilibrium phase diagrams for the appropriate systems. Additional work is needed to explain some of the observations of this paper. HENRY Marion Howe's contributions to the metallurgical profession include his many writings, the wisdom that he imparted to his students, and the inspiration that he gave to the many scholars, teachers, and industrialists who knew him personally. It was Professor Howe's intimate colleague, Albert Sauveur,1 who, in the first Howe Memorial Lecture, could have been speaking for the metallurgist of our generation as well as his own when he wrote, "...how many of us on the point of going astray were called back to the right path by Howe's guiding torch?" More than a quarter of a century later, Francis Foley,2 one of the last in the Howe Lecture series who worked directly with the great man, delivered the ultimate tribute, "...truth, in its time is so hard to identify." While Professor Howe strove to be right, "he was content if he provoked the reader to take the next step along the path to greater knowledge." Like so many of my predecessors, I sought guidance for this lecture by referring to Professor Howe's two classic texts, Metallurgy of steel,3 and Metallography of Steel and Cast Iron: the former book interpreting the facts as he saw them near the start of his career, and the latter—published 26 years later—pointing to many fertile fields for metallurgical investigation. Those of us who harvest the fruits of Henry Marion Howe's contributions to the metallurgical profession now look with wonder at the tremendous legacy he has provided. It is rewarding to study his writings and to recognize the anticipation of such aspects of modern ferrous metallurgy as: 1) Direct reduction 2) Steelmaking reactions 3) The approaches and benefits of degassing 4) Solidification mechanisms 5) Habits and behavior of nonmetallic inclusions 6) Recrystallization phenomena 7) Slip and slip propagation 8) Dislocations 9) Discontinuous deformation 10) Microscopic and macroscopic segregation

Jan 1, 1970

By A. L. Blomfield

THE Golden Cycle Mining and Reduction Co. operates its custom mill at Colorado Springs on Cripple Creek ores exclusively. These ores are straight sulpho-tellurides, with practically no base metals such as Pb, Cu, Zn, As, or Sb. Upon entering the mill, the ore all passes through the sampler to storage bins, where beds of 5000 tons each are made to insure uniformity in roasting. CLASSIFICATION OF ORES For efficiency, it has been found advisable to separate the ores into two classes according to their line content. Other constituents have their effect, such as alumina and magnesia, but, speaking generally, these are roughly proportional to the line, which, as CaO, is used as the indicator. Class A contains not more than 2 per cent. CaO and comprises about 66 per cent. of the ore treated. Class B contains over 2 per cent. CaO, and comprises 34 per cent. of the ore treated. Typical analyses of both classes are as follows: Class A Class B Insol 56.70 75.90 Al203 2.30 3.40 Fe 3.26 3.48 CaO 1.57 5.12 S 1.79 1.80 Mg0 0.21 1.08 Ignition loss 3.20 6.50 99.03 97.28 The beds of each class of ore are made as large as possible with the available ore as it comes in, to avoid changing from one bed to the other any oftener than necessary. Each roaster will handle 50 percent. more of class A ore than of class B, with practically the same results. This necessitates changing the rate of feed for each new bed and tends toward a poor roast and loss of tonnage at each change.

Jan 8, 1918

By Bernard MacDonald

Of the treatment of the slime-pulp of gold- and silver-ores by cyanidation, agitation is an essential part. When prepared for treatment, this pulp, consisting of ore reduced to such fineness that approximately 80 per cent. of it will pass through a 200-mesh screen, is mixed with a certain proportion of water, carrying in solution the cluantity of cyanide (KCN) and other chemicals required. The water-constituent of the pulp thus prepared usually ranges from 1 to 2 parts by weight to 1 of the dry ore. Thus constituted, the pulp is charged into treatment-tanks, the shape and capacity of which vary, according to the quantity of pulp to be treated daily and the method of agitation to be employed. Tanks have no other function in a cyanide,plant than that of being economical and corlvellient containers or receptacles for holding the pulp, solutiou, or water used in the operations. It is by agitation that the solids in the pulp charged into the tanks are kept in suspension in, and mixed with, the solution in the proper proportions required for the treatment. If the proper mixture of solution to dolids be determined to be 2 to 1 by weight (which is, approximately, 5 to 1 by volume), this proportion should be maintained in every part of the charge; that is, each solid particle of the pulp, whether it be of' 180- or 400-mesh size, should be surrounded by five times its own volume of solution throughout the whole period of treatment. The reason is, that the amount of chemicals ascertaiued to be necessary for dissolving the gold and silver contained in the solids, is held in uniform solution in the water-constituent of the pulp, and, therefore, the determined proportions of solution and solids must be maintained at all times during treat-

Jan 1, 1912

By AIME AIME

MICA is perhaps our No. 1. strategic mineral problem because of its large requirements in a variety of equipment for use in the military services, and because the principal source of this material has heretofore been British India, a source now threatened partly because of distance and lack of ships. [Block mica and bauxite were added to the "most critical" list published by the W.P.B. on Nov. 6.] No satisfactory substitute has yet been found for most of the uses of mica, which largely involve electrical insulation. Brazil is now our nearest and best major source of this material. No splitting plants have yet been established there but in 1941 we imported about a million pounds of block mica from that country and in 1942 that quantity will be considerably exceeded. In Brazil, mica is found almost exclusively in the pegmatite dikes along the mountain range bordering the eastern part of Minas Gerais. A belt, roughly 180 miles long by 100 miles wide, extends from Theophilo Ottoni to Carangolo. The principal mica-mining districts in this belt are the Governador Valladares area to the north and the Espera Feliz district to the south. The dikes are usually 10 to 50 meters wide and a mile or two long and intrude the old metamorphic schist formation. They are weathered and easily mined.

Jan 1, 1942

By Oscar Harder

IT is now just a quarter of a century since Fred W. Taylor§(23) pub-lished his classical paper On the Art of Cutting Metals, describing -his researches in which he, in cooperation with Maunsel White, had developed what is essentially the modern method of heat-treating high-speed steels. Regarding this research, Dr. Sauveur, (22) in his address on Steel Wizards, Past and Present, at the annual banquet of the American Society for Steel Treating in Philadelphia in 1920 said, "The discovery of high-speed steel, or if you prefer, of the treatment imparting high-speed properties to certain steels by Taylor and Maunsel White I am inclined to consider as our one epoch-making contribution to the metallurgy of steel." It was at about that same time (1900) that Taylor exhibited high-speed steels, heat-treated by the improved process, at the World's Exposition in Paris and attracted much attention by showing that the steels would operate at such feeds and speeds that the tips of the tools were visibly red hot. This observation must have started metallurgists to wondering regarding the relative hardness of the various steels at red-heat temperatures. Considerable work has indeed been done in an effort to measure the hardness of high-speed steels and. related materials in the red-heat range, using various methods. . The results, however, have been only partly satisfactory, owing to experimental difficulties. The present investigation had as its immediate inception an address by J. V. Emmons, of the Cleveland Twist Drill Co., to the Columbus Chapter of the American Society for Steel Treating in 1931, in which he deplored the fact that comparatively little was known with regard to the hardness of high-speed steels at elevated temperatures, in spite

Jan 1, 1933

By Wing L. Lew

LEAD, silver, and zinc, in quantities of economic importance are found in the Aguilar ore. The lead occurs as galena and the zinc as sphalerite and marmatite. The silver occurrence is more complex. Pyrargyrite and proustite have been identified only occasionally. Galena is silver-bearing and so are the various other sulphides, though to a lesser degree. The principal nonsulphide gangue minerals include calcite, quartz, wollastonite, rhodonite, and various calcium, aluminum, and iron silicates. A typical analysis of, the ore is: Pb, 11.2; Zn, 12.3; Fe, 4.4; Mn, 2.2; Cu, 0.15; S, 11.2; CaO. 7.6; "Insoluble," 50.1 percent; and Ag 263 g per ton. Crushing is done in three stages. The primary crusher at the mine is set to deliver about a 5-in. product. The crushed ore is then transported to the secondary crushing plant by a 3-km cableway where the general practice is to hold the product of the first Symons to about 1 in., and of the second Symons to about 1/2 in. When the ore is soft and rich the product of the first Symons is by-passed directly to the ball-mill bins. Dust control in the secondary crushing plant is effected by enclosing the dust-emanating sources and exhausting the enclosures with a Clarage No. 18 fan driven at 1300 rpm by a 20-hp motor. Use is also made of spray water at one or two critical places. Every effort is made to keep the air free from visible dust. Dust counts taken at the working places show dust concentrations of less than six million particles ner cu ft. The composition

Jan 1, 1947

By A. L. Blomfield, M. J. Trott

ThE Golden Cycle Mining and Reduction Co. operates its custom mill at Colorado Springs on Cripple Creek ores exclusively. These ores are straight sulfo-tellurides, with practically no base metals such as Pb, CU, Zn, As, or Sb. Upon entering the mill, the ore all passes through the sampler to storage bins, where beds of 5000 tons each are made to insure uniformity in roasting. Classification of ORes For efficiency, it has been found advisable to separate the ores into two classes according to their lime content. Other constituents have their effect, such as alumina and magnesia, but, speaking generally, these are roughly proportional to the lime, which, as CaO, is used as the indicator. Class A contains not more than 2 per cent. CaO and comprises about 66 per cent. of the ore treated. Class B contains over 2 per cent. CaO, and comprises 34 per cent. of the ore treated. Typical analyses of both classes are as follows: Class A a B Insol.......................... 86.70 75.90 Al2O3........................:.. 2.30 3.40 Fe.............................. 3.26 3.48 CaO............................. 1.57 5.12 S............................... 1.79 1.80 MgO........................... 0.21 1.08 Ignition loss..................... 3.20 6.50 99.03 97.28 The beds of each class of ore are made as large as possible with the available ore as it comes in, to avoid changing from one bed to the other any oftener than necessary. Each roaster will handle 50 per cent. more of class A ore than of class B, with practically the same results. This necessitates changing the rate of feed for each new bed and tends toward a poor roast and loss of tonnage at each change.

Jan 1, 1919

By A. J. Stosick, J. R. Hoffman, E. Rudy, St. Windisch

The binary alloy system Mo-C zoas investigated by means of X-ray, metallog/aphic, thermoanalytical, and melting-point techniques on chemically analyzed specimens. The system, Fig. 39, is characterized by three congruently melting, intermediate phases, Mo2C, n MoCi-x, and aMoC1-,, of which only Mo,C is stable at temperatures below 1650°C. Substoichio-metrzc (~32.5 at. pct C) dimolybdenum carbide undergoes a homogeneous sublattice order-disorder transformation at temperatures of approximately 1400°C, whereas hyperstoichiorrletric compositions undergo a discontinuous Phase change. The order-disorder transitions in the Me, C phases are discussed in terms of the structural changes involved in the transformation processes and the absence of long-range sublattice coherency in stoichiometric or hyperstoiclziomet-ric compositions attributed to the impossibility of obtaining long-range order in a linear chain of alternating carbon atoms and vacancies. From the experimental phase relutionships and the known thermody-namic data for Mo2 C, limits for the free energies of formation for the high-temperature phases r) MoC1-, and aMoC1-, are deriued and found to be in good agreement with data previously obtained from phase equilibria in ternary metal-carbon systems. IN the course of studies of the high-temperature phase relationships in ternary systems of refractory transition metals with carbon,' a number of inconsistencies found in previous work necessitated a reex-amination of some of the related metal-carbon binaries. A reassessment of the binary system data also seemed

Jan 1, 1968

By Earle Schumacher

THE solidus line above the solid solution field in the lead-antimony system was originally determined by Dean and his associates1 from heating curves. They did not regard this line as having been accurately fixed and in their more recent publications2 the curves drawn do not follow closely the original data. The precise location of the solidus line is of importance in the extrusion of lead-antimony cable sheath, as the temperature of the metal in this process must be less than the lowest temperature at which any part of the alloy in the lead-press charge becomes liquid. It is very desirable, however, to operate at as high a temperature as possible, as the rate of extrusion for a given pressure is approximately doubled for an increase of 10° C. in temperature. The precise location of this line is also important, in the investigation of ternary systems of lead, antimony and a third metal. For these reasons, and because of the differences reported in the literature, data were secured on the lead-antimony solidus line by the classical quenching-test procedure.

Jan 1, 1927

By C. N. J. Wagner, E. N. Aqua

The bee alloys of the terminal solid solution of rhenium in niobium were investigated by X-ray diffraclion methods. The analysis of the broadening of the powder pattern peaks from the niobium-rich alloys, cold-worked by filing, showed evidence for faulting on (211) planes. The alloys with larger rhenium concentrations were brittle, and fractured when filed. The analysis of the shapes of the diffraction profiles from powders produced by hammering with steel plates) of these brittle alloys indicated that the broadening was due predominantly to platelets bounded by clibe planes. This result was consistent with the Laue patterns from single-cleazlage facets which showed evidence for clearage fracture on {100} planes. The influence of faulting on the mechanical properties of face-centered cubic (fcc) metals and alloys, i.e., how faulting affects the various dislocation configurations in fcc metals, is well-known.' The important question is whether or not faulting occurs in body-centered cubic (bcc) metals and alloys, and, furthermore, if faulting does occur, to what extent it affects the mechanical properties. Theoretical calculations indicate that the stacking-fault energy is rather high in most bcc metals.2 The results of sev-eral studies using transmission electron microscopy have indicated that faults are present in well-annealed and lightly deformed bcc metals and alloys, such as tungsten,3 vanadium,4 and Mo-Re alloys.5,6 These faults, as have been observed, may be stabilized by the presence of interstitial (C,N,O) atom segregation to the extended dislocations. In addition, there is considerable X-ray diffraction evidence for faulting in bee metals,7-8 using the same techniques that were successful for the study of faulting in fee metals and alloys.7 This X-ray diffraction method is currently the only technique applicable for the investigation of faulting in metals with high stacking fault energies, i.e., when severe amounts of deformation are required to produce sufficient amounts of faulting to be detectable by X-rays. The thinned films of heavily deformed metals will become opaque in the electron microscope due to the high dislocation densities present. In a previous investigation of faulting8 in bee metals of group Vb and VIb, the authors observed that niobium was ductile when filed at room temperature, and showed the highest density of faults on the (112) family of planes. A niobium-base alloy system was therefore chosen to study the effect of alloying on the occurrence of faults in a bcc alloy. There is a large range of terminal solid solubility of rhenium in the alloys of the bee refractory metals. All of the Group VIb-rhenium alloys, i.e., Cr-Re, Mo-Re, and W-Re, exhibit solid solution hardening without loss of ductility.9 In fact, the ductility reaches a maximum for alloys with compositions near to the limits of solubility. This enhanced ductility has been attributed to the lowering of the stacking-fault energy in the alloy; i.e., the increased amounts of twinning provide an additional mode of deformation, resulting in the observed high ductility.' Because of this demonstrated effect of rhenium in bee alloys, it was decided to study a series of alloys of Nb-Re. Using the same X-ray diffraction methods as described in the previous investigation,' one is able to identify the possible causes of broadening of the powder pattern peaks, e.q., particle size, microstrains, stacking faults, and/or twin faults. The separation of these various contributions to the measured peak shape is accomplished by the Warren-Averbach analysis.7 I) EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE A series of seven bee solid solution alloys containing from 2.5 to 21.5 at. pct Re (remainder niobium) were prepared at the General Electric Research Laboratory. Buttons, weighing 25 g, were alloyed from electron-beam-melted niobium chips and random rhenium sheet by arc melting in a water-cooled copper crucible, under an argon atmosphere. The buttons were inverted and completely remelted to promote homogenization. The nominal alloy compositions are listed in Table I. Samples of the cold-worked alloys were obtained by filing to produce a powder for the X-ray study. Alloys too brittle to be filed were hammered with steel plates. The resultant filings or brittle impactings were screened through 150-mesh classifiers and compacted to the required shape for the diffractometer holder. The X-ray diffraction peaks were automatically recorded by fixed time counting at uniform 28 intervals, or by continuous registration with a ratemeter. In all cases, the (110)-(220) and (200)-(400) pairs of peaks and the (211), (310), (222), and (321) reflections were measured on a GE-XRD5 diffractometer using CuKa radiation with nickel filter or MoKct radiation and a LiF monochromator in the diffracted beam. The first part of the data reduction, completed with the aid of a series of programmed computations,10 was the analytical resolution of the Kol component of the diffraction profile. Subsequent computations were then made with reference only to the resolved Kol peak shape. These included the measurement of the

Jan 1, 1967

By E. S. Wheeler, M. W. Murphy

A LARGE part of the molybdenum produced in Colorado is converted and consumed in the Eastern States. As the raw materials and the power needed for the conversion of the Colorado concentrate are also accessible in the Eastern States, the conversion plant has been installed some 1500 miles east of where the ore is mined and milled. When concentrate was first produced at Climax in 1918, a custom smelter converted the product into ferromolybdenum. By 1924, the Company had decided to produce calcium molybdate and rented a building and installed equipment for that purpose at Langeloth, near Burgettstown, Pa., about thirty miles west of Pittsburgh. For the first few years the plant was a simple one of small capacity. A small hand-rabbled roaster was used, the product of which was made iota calcium molybdate by a conventional method; then an eight hearth mechanically rabbled roaster was installed to increase and speed up production. The output was considerably less than a million pounds of contained molybdenum annually until 1928, when a small part of the produc-

Jan 1, 1946

By W. R. Crane

DRAINAGE in these mines has been discussed in papers, on mining practice,1 but the fact that water, varying from 0.16 to 3.46 and averaging 1.43 times the amount of ore mined, has to be pumped from the mines daily, indicates the importance of the problem and the advisability of making a thorough investigation of the source of mine water, its mode of entry into the mines, its effect upon mining conditions; and consideration of means of improving the conditions. While conditions are not serious, yet there is danger that they may become worse if present mining practice is continued, owing to the presence of formations, known to carry large quantities of water, that overlie the ore bed worked. Much detailed information has been collected regarding: rainfall, and run-off in streams draining the district; the effect of different kinds of formations, porous and non-porous; the inclination of the surface; the condition of the surface above the mines, i. e., whether or not disturbed by ground movement; the occurrence of the ore and character of associated formations, particularly with respect to presence of jointing or slip planes, faults, etc.; failure of top rock in the old stopes; and the conditions under which water effects entrance into the mines, i. e., whether as a natural or forced flow. The study furnished fundamental data on the source of waters now entering the mines and that which may later enter due to collapse of top formations in. abandoned workings. The presence of jointing, or slip planes, has a pronounced influence upon the whole drainage problem. These present lines of least resistance to the water and, by weakening the top formations, cause fracturing of the overlying rock, allowing both surface and deep-seated waters to enter the mines.

Jan 1, 1927

By Brahm Prakash, R. Schuhmann

Chemical conditions for flotation and nonflotation of quartz with oleic acid as collector and barium, calcium, aluminum, iron, and tin as activators were studied using a simple vacuum-flotation technique in glass-stoppered graduates. The detailed study of barium activation led to an interpretation based on ideal Langmuirian chemisorption.

Jan 1, 1950

RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AT ITS MEETING ON APRIL 17, 1936 Recognizing the fact that the problems of the committee named by the Board to prepare the " official ticket" for officers and Directors of the Institute are various and difficult; and desiring to assist this committee by setting forth some of the principles that should guide the committee and some of the qualifications that should be required of candidates, the following instructions are formulated and the Secretary is directed to publish them in MINING AND METALLURGY concurrently with the publication of the names of each newly appointed Nominating Committee and to send a copy to each member of the Committee. NOMINATIONS TO BE MADE Each year the Nominating Committee is to select "official" candidates for eight places, as follows: (1) President and Director (2) Vice-President and Director (3) Vice-President and Director (4) Director (5) Director (6) Director (7) Director (8) Director GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION The Bylaws provide that "the Nominating Committee shall, so far as practicable, distribute representation on the Board geographically." Pursuant to this provision, the United States, Canada and Mexico have been divided into fifteen districts, as shown on the official map.* Districts 1, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12,13,14, and 15 are assigned one Directorship each; District 2, three Directorships; District 3, eight Directorships; District 4, two Directorships; and Districts 7, 8, and 9, two Directorships between them. It will be the duty of the Nominating Committee to make selections that will give effect to this allocation of Directorships. There is nothing to prevent a Director being named to succeed himself. Attention is called to the: fact that many Institute members now resident in New York formerly lived in the West, South, or North and still have intimate business connections that compel them to visit various parts of the country periodically. Such men are particularly valuable as Directors and their nomination and election tends to minimize the objection that a large number of Directors reside in New York.

Jan 1, 1940

By E. W. Henderson

Development work in the state of Utah in 1935 consisted of additional work done on wildcat tests started in previous years and on a number of new wildcat tests started during the year. No effort was made to extend areas or to discover deeper productive horizons in proven fields. Principal areas of development were in Daggett County, northeastern Utah; Grand and Emery counties, east-central Utah; and in Washington County, southwestern Utah. Daggett County Clay Basin.—The Mountain Fuel Supply Co. deepened Murphy No. 2, sec. 21, T.3N., R.24E., from 6030 to 6790 ft. for a test of the Sundance formation. Two sandstone members at 6520 to 6644 ft. and 6737 to 6790 ft. contained water. The hole was plugged back to 5860 ft. and left as a future gas supply for the Salt Lake City-Ogden pipe line. The failure of the Sundance formation to produce in this test, in view of the recent Sundance discoveries in Colorado arid Wyoming, was disappointing Emery County Last Chance.—-Thc wildcat test of the Rainsey Petroleum Corporn-tion, Well No. 1-X, sec. 18, T.26S., R.7E., completed plugging back from total depth of 3168 ft. to 2771 ft. and was shut in as a gas well. A gas sand at 2724 to 2771 ft. produced approximately 21 million cubic fert. A deep test of the structure will be started upon approval of a wit plan of development. Grand County Cisco.—-The wildcat test of the Utah Southern Oil Co., sec. 33, T.22S., R.22E., of which the total depth was 1720 ft. on Dec. 31, 1935, is the most interesting operation ill the state. Location of the test was deter-

Jan 1, 1936

By E. W. Henderson

Development work in the state of Utah in 1935 consisted of additional work done on wildcat tests started in previous years and on a number of new wildcat tests started during the year. No effort was made to extend areas or to discover deeper productive horizons in proven fields. Principal areas of development were in Daggett County, northeastern Utah; Grand and Emery counties, east-central Utah; and in Washington County, southwestern Utah. Daggett County Clay Basin.—The Mountain Fuel Supply Co. deepened Murphy No. 2, sec. 21, T.3N., R.24E., from 6030 to 6790 ft. for a test of the Sundance formation. Two sandstone members at 6520 to 6644 ft. and 6737 to 6790 ft. contained water. The hole was plugged back to 5860 ft. and left as a future gas supply for the Salt Lake City-Ogden pipe line. The failure of the Sundance formation to produce in this test, in view of the recent Sundance discoveries in Colorado arid Wyoming, was disappointing Emery County Last Chance.—-Thc wildcat test of the Rainsey Petroleum Corporn-tion, Well No. 1-X, sec. 18, T.26S., R.7E., completed plugging back from total depth of 3168 ft. to 2771 ft. and was shut in as a gas well. A gas sand at 2724 to 2771 ft. produced approximately 21 million cubic fert. A deep test of the structure will be started upon approval of a wit plan of development. Grand County Cisco.—-The wildcat test of the Utah Southern Oil Co., sec. 33, T.22S., R.22E., of which the total depth was 1720 ft. on Dec. 31, 1935, is the most interesting operation ill the state. Location of the test was deter-

Jan 1, 1936

By JAS. F. McCARTHY

THE present Hecla Co. is a Washington corporation; the Hecla Co. of Idaho was the old company. The older corporation owned two claims, the Hecla and the Katie May, and was incorporated for 500,000 shares of one dollar par value. The principal shareholders and officials of the older company were among the early mining men of the camp. Among the active officials were John A. Finch and A. B. Campbell. Among the directors and share- holders were Patrick Clark, J. R. Smith, Frank Upman, F. J, Kipp, Chas. Kipp, B. A. Kipp and Carl Landsee. F. J. Kipp and Carl Landsee are now directors of the Company. All of the others mentioned have died, but the surviving members of their families retain their ownership in the Company's shareholders. B. A. ,Kipp, who recently died, was the largest shareholder at the time of incorporation and Patrick Clark was the second largest shareholder. B. A. Kipp is a brother 'of F. J. Kipp, director of the Company.

Jan 1, 1924

New York Meets first Wednesday after first Tuesday of each month. J. E. JOHNSON, JR., Chairman EDGAR RICHARD, Vice-Chairman D M LIDDELL Secretary, 7 Wall St.. New York. N. Y. C. A. BORN, Treasurer JOHN V. N. DORR LEWIS W. FRANCIS Boston Meets first Monday of each winter month. R. L. AGASSIZ, Chairman JAMES G. CARLETON. Vice-Chairman E. E. BUGBEE Secretary-Treasurer, Mass. Inst. of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. W. E. C. EUSTIS G. A. PACKARD Columbia Holds four sessions during year. Annual meeting in September or October. W. H. LINNEY, Chairman OSCAR LACHMUND, Vice-Chairman LYNDON K. ARMSTRONG, Secretary-Treasurer, P. O. Drawer 2154, Spokane, Wash. STANLY A. EASTON S. SHEDD

Jan 12, 1917