Search Documents

By G J. Harbort, V Lawson, L Reemeyer

The Jameson Cell is a high intensity flotation device, which utilises induced air from the atmosphere. It was developed jointly by Mount Isa Mines and Professor Graeme Jameson of the University of Newcastle in the 1980s. It is proven to generate fine bubbles, in the order of 300 to 500 ¦m, in a high intensity, high shear and compact zone contained in the downcomer. This aerated mixture exits the downcomer into the pulp zone, which is the quiescent mineral and gangue separation zone. A number of Australian base metal flotation circuits feature a reverse flotation stage at the head of the circuit. Testwork and plant operating data has shown that the use of a Jameson Cell in the prefloat cleaner application has further improved prefloat gangue recovery and selectivity. Operation of a Jameson Cell in a carbonaceous/pyrite prefloat cleaner duty at the Mt Isa copper concentrator increased copper recovery and reduced pyrite in the copper concentrate. Testwork at Zinifex Century Zinc Mine showed a decrease in zinc losses by the utilisation of Jameson Cell prefloat cleaner. Appraisal of a Jameson Cell in a scalping role within the Mt Isa Copper Concentrator indicated significant benefits could be achieved.

Jan 1, 2005

By D Hope, D Mitchell, B Metcalfe

In recent years there has been a major change among mining companies in their mining methods. This has been driven by the need to increase shareholder value and optimising the value from an operation. With this understanding there has been a need for all producers to become more efficient in their mining processes. An analysis of the coal losses at Mount Thorley Operations indicated that the major losses were in the dragline section of the mine due to coal damage from throw blasting. This damage was evident after the removal of the overburden by the dragline.Coal and Allied Mount Thorley Mine in partnership with Orica Explosives developed a process to reduce the coal loss associated with the throw blasting of Mt Thorley. Orica provided its specialised knowledge and experience in the drilling and blasting area and combined this with the local mining knowledge and expertise of Mount Thorley Operations personnel to conduct the project. This partnership reduced coal loss in excess of 50 per cent whilst maintaining targeted dragline productivity.

Jan 1, 2001

By P Gilroy

In recent technical investigations that were triggered from ore for rail shortfalls at Yandi, BHP Iron ore has identified a gap in resource knowledge relating to geo-metallurgical characteristics that predict materials handling performance and throughput. Within these investigations BHP has learnt that this lack of resource knowledge has translated to a lack of predictability associated with mine planning inputs which has resulted in poor compliance to plan and deviation management practices. A business value chain was developed in an attempt to identify the best possible solution to unlock this resource knowledge in the short, medium and long term planning horizons. A fast fail approach was taken with the implementation of hyperspectral blasthole analysis, which was chosen to deliver the best possible value driver for the asset. This report will detail the Yandi journey in expanding the hyperspectral and geo-metallurgical value chain, unlocking resource knowledge along the way. CITATION: Gilroy, P, 2018. Development of an empirical geo-metallurgical model that unlocks value of the mineral resources at Yandi Mine, in Proceedings Complex Orebodies Conference 2018, pp 85–87 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Nov 21, 2018

The mineralogy, maero- and micro-textures of Thackaringa ore are simple and have many counterparts among base metal-quartz-siderite vein type deposits elsewhere.The ore consists predominantly of galena, sphalerlte, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, and arsenopyrite in a quartz and siderite gangue. Silver minerals, as such, appear to be lacking and silver values are no higher than in other sulphide ores of this type. These features contrast very markedly with those of the A.B.H. Consols Lode which appears to have emanated from the north end of the Broken Hill Main Lode Horizon during high grade regional metamorphism. The Consols Lode has been regarded as of Thackaringa type, and both are regarded as possibly arising from the remobilization of Main Lode Horizon ore. Whilst this may yet prove to be so it appears that the marked differences in mineral composition between the Consols and the Thackaringa types, would require somewhat different modes of regeneration.Thackaringa ore, as well as A.B.H. Consols ore, on this basis, would necessitate the development of a metahydrothermal ore fluid to account for their present apparently hydrothermal (or pseudo-hydrothermal) constitution...

Jan 1, 1967

By P Kittler

In the spectrum of mining-related disciplines, geometallurgy sits between resource geology and metallurgical engineering. Unlike its neighbours, it is a relatively young discipline and its concepts, procedures and techniques are still evolving. Relevant geometallurgical issues differ from one deposit to the next so there is no single template that can be used in all situations, meaning that geometallurgy programs are nearly always customised and tailored to the deposit and the situation.Over time, a number of key mistakes are seen to emerge regularly. The eventual impact of these mistakes can vary from suboptimal performance of mine and plant to complete failure of the operation. For instance, poor characterisation of ore lithologies and their spatial distribution can have negative impacts on processing plant throughput. However, when combined with failure to identify critical blending constraints it can result in a totally inoperable plant.A number of common mistakes committed during geometallurgical programs are discussed and some preferred alternative approaches are suggested

Sep 5, 2011

By V A. Chanturia, T N. Matveeva, V V. Getman, A Yu Karkeshkina

The development and application of new effective environmentally friendly reagents for the flotation of thin and ultrathin mineral components is an urgent task. The analysis of the nomenclature of chemicals, including flotation reagents and flocculants, showed that water-soluble polymers (WSP) might be used in flotation separation of fine grinding products containing non-ferrous and precious metals. Water-soluble polymers that are responsive to temperature changes are the most attractive as reagents during flotation. These are the thermo-responsive polymers or thermomorphic polymers. The presence of nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the polymer molecule contributes to the formation of a coordination bond with non-ferrous and precious metals. A research conducted at the ICEMR RAS within the framework of the scientific school of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Chanturia helped to develop a method of flotation of finely ground mineral particles containing valuable components using modified thermomorphic polymers. The paper focuses on the experimental study of poly (vinyl caprolactam) (PVC) as a flotation reagent for gold recovery from finely ground mineral products. PVC is a ready-made water-soluble thermosensitive polymer that does not require complex synthesis. PVC has a high ability to form complexes in an aqueous environment when heated. According to experimental data, the polymer interacts with gold nanoparticles, contributing to the extraction of gold from fine mineral products and the tailings that makes it perspective as an additional flotation agent for the processing of gold-containing ores.

Aug 24, 2022

By N Arrys, A Jani, S Shahin

Optimising pit slope stability and reducing strip ratio of a mining operation are two key tasks in geotechnical engineering. With a growing demand for minerals and an increasing cost associated with extraction, companies are constantly re-evaluating the viability of mineral deposits and challenging their geological understanding. Within Rio Tinto Iron Ore (RTIO), the Structural Geology (SG) team investigate and collect critical data, such as point based orientations, mapping and geological inferences from adjacent pits to remodel deposits where previous interpretations have failed to account for structurally controlled slope failures. This work outlines the key methods utilised by the Structural Geology team which form the foundations of informed orebody knowledge and subsequent geotechnical design recommendations. This publication utilises the results from a recent analysis to highlight the benefits of this methodology and how it has impacted the economics of an operation through optimisation of a pit wall ‘cutback’ and crest relocation.

Sep 1, 2024

By T Tan, C P. Holmes, C E. Hartford

Transportation of iron ore from the mine to the plant is critical to business success. Ore from the mine may have to be transported across states, countries and even continents to get to the processing plant or export facilities, and ultimately to the client. Numerous transportation steps may result in potential logistical difficulties. Companies are continually seeking ways to increase production rates, decrease delivery times and reduce operating costs. Transportation cost is a major component of the total cost of mining iron ore and therefore requires effective use of transport systems.Bottlenecks in iron ore transport systems, due to material handling issues, can result in loss in profit in the order of millions of dollars per hour. Bottlenecks can be seen anywhere in the transport system where the desired flow rate cannot be achieved. These bottlenecks occur for various reasons such as increasing throughput in a transport system originally designed for a lower throughput resulting in plugged transfer chutes, changing material characteristics (eg finer material, increased moisture content), changing to a new type of material or blend that again alters handleability, or changes in operational philosophy due to equipment availability or process utilisation.Stockpiles may have limited live capacity such that an adequate amount of ore may not be readily reclaimed when required (eg to fill a complete train’s railcars). In bins and hoppers, material may discharge through a central flow channel resulting in the formation of a stable rathole, which can then collapse causing material to flood the downstream system and cause significant downtime for clean-up (eg railcars beneath train load outs). In transfer chutes, bottlenecks can be caused by pluggages or downtime required for the change-out of liners due to excessive wear. In ship loading, long settling or de-aeration time, or material exceeding its transportable moisture limit (TML) may result in further bottlenecks. These bottlenecks all have associated costs because of the need to address their causes and because of the lost opportunities for throughput.This paper will discuss how bulk material technology and proper understanding of material flow characteristics can be applied to mitigate bottlenecks. It will discuss how to predict potential bottleneck locations through a scientific method of analysis and evaluation to determine if an increase in throughput of an existing transport system is possible, as well as whether or not a new material will flow reliably through an existing system.CITATION:Hartford, C E, Holmes, C P and Tan, T, 2015. De-bottlenecking iron ore transportation from mine to plant, in Proceedings Iron Ore 2015, pp 393–398 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Jul 13, 2015

By S Dykes, R J. McCarthy, B Klein

There is growing interest in the mining industry on the application of ore sorting. While many are familiar with particle sorting, including the limitations that technology presents (e.g. throughput), bulk sorting, with its higher throughput potential, is less understood. Despite the potential to sort at higher throughputs, few operations have adopted bulk sorting processes, certainly not at large scale. It is suggested that the inability to reliably predict outcomes from bulk sorting may be limiting its adoption in mining projects. Consequently, an evaluation approach for bulk ore sorting has been developed such that mass pulls and grade upgrades can be predicted in the context of a mining study. The approach allows for evaluation of drill core assays and application of the consequently derived heterogeneity relationships to the block model for estimation of sorting outcomes. These processes were applied to conveyor-based bulk sorting for the CuMo project in Idaho, USA and are described in this paper.

Nov 10, 2020

By T M. Campos, H A. Petit, L M. Tavares, R Olympio

Much practical experience has been gathered in the last 30 years of application of high-pressure grinding rolls (HPGR) integrated with ball milling in size reduction of fine iron ore concentrates. The company Vale S.A, in Complexo de Tubarão (Brazil), was one of the pioneers applying the technology prior to pelletisation with an outstanding size reduction energy efficiency in the circuit and a significant increment in the specific surface area of the product. Recent studies by the authors demonstrated benefits of modelling and simulation to improve the performance of HPGRs in this particular application, with the model being able to describe HPGR performance under different operating conditions and under variations of feed size distribution. Despite these important advances, this modelling approach has only been used offline and under steady-state conditions. The present work applies the modified Torres and Casali model proposed by the authors in pseudodynamic simulations. The ability of the model to predict the characteristics of the product in real-time is evaluated using data available online for the pellet feed preparation circuit. Results demonstrated the model capabilities to map the physical operation and give a realistic representation of the process. Additionally, the model is demonstrated to be able to support the pellet feed production by providing extended real-time information of the process, making it a useful tool for improvement of the operational strategies and process stability.

Aug 24, 2022

By G Maude, R Ayres, R N McLean, N A. Reynolds

"An EXTENDED ABSTRACT is available for download. A full-length paper was not prepared for this presentation. The Mabilo copper-gold-magnetite skarn deposit is located in southern Luzon in the Paracale mineral district, where iron has been produced historically from several skarn deposits. Mabilo occurs in the south-west of the district and is distinct and significant because of its high grades of copper and gold compared to historical mines.The Mabilo licence surrounds the Venida prospect, where past small-scale mining has exploited iron, copper and gold mineralisation in oxidised skarn. A ground magnetic survey in 2007 defined a number of strong anomalies under Quaternary volcanic cover south of Venida. The property was acquired by Sierra Mining Ltd in 2011, the magnetic data were remodelled and drilling commenced in September 2012. Diamond drill hole MDH001 targeted the strongest anomaly, which was 500 m south of Venida and under 20 m of volcanic cover. It intersected 94 m with an average grade of 2.2 per cent copper, 1.6 g/t gold and 36.6 per cent iron. Subsequent drilling was targeted by magnetic modelling, incorporating magnetic susceptibility data from drill core, which resulted in a high percentage of successful drill holes.The mineralised skarn preferentially replaces a dipping limestone unit within an Eocene sequence dominated by volcanic siltstone and sandstone, metamorphosed to marble and hornfels in the aureole of a Miocene quartz-diorite intrusion. Skarn occurs discontinuously along the eastern and southern diorite contact, controlled by primary sedimentary facies variation, structural geometry, fault offsets and intrusive contacts.Coarse magnetite skarn with garnet and minor wollastonite and clinopyroxene contains variably abundant chalcopyrite and minor molybdenite. Magnetite skarn occurs in sharp contact with unaltered marble or grades into garnet skarn with minor chalcopyrite. Structurally controlled retrograde skarn alteration is strong to intense and is characterised by bornite, clinozoisite, iron carbonate and chlorite. The retrograde skarn is weakly overprinted by late-stage pyrite veining and brecciation associated with clay-silica alteration with arsenopyrite and tetrahedrite-tennantite.The quartz-diorite stock is interpreted as the source of the prograde skarn-forming and mineralising fluids. Late-stage porphyritic intrusions in the contact zone indicate continuing magmatism during uplift, when telescoping led to a high-level, high-sulfidation overprint. This suggests the potential for deeper porphyry-style mineralisation.CITATION:Reynolds, N A, Ayres, R, McLean, R N and Maude, G, 2015. The Mabilo copper-gold-iron deposit – a new skarn discovery in the Philippines , in Proceedings PACRIM 2015 Congress, pp 431–438 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne)."

Mar 18, 2015

By J Lyons, S Baker, D MacHunter, D Pepper

Mineral processing plants require a storage buffer to bridge differences in production rates between mining and processing. Where coarse ores are processed, such as coal or hard rock, this buffer may be an ore stockpile or silo. For wet-mining processes, eg dredging or hydraulic mining, or where fine ores are slurried close to the mining face, a surge-bin is used to contain the plant feed and smooth out the variations in mining rates. These bins have gradually evolved from simple storage vessels to units that are now frequently part of the mineral separation process itself, such as providing a desliming function to remove deleterious ultrafine gangue. This feed conditioning is often essential to achieve the levels of plant performance required in times of declining ore grades and or where inherent ore characteristics make separations harder to achieve. To achieve these dual roles requires careful consideration of bin design factors such as geometry and lining selection and increased use of instrumentation and advanced, or remotely supervised, control systems. All this ensures they provide capacity to smooth out variations in mining rates and guarantees that when conditioning ores or adjusting slurry densities ahead of the plant it is achieved without loss of valuable minerals. This paper examines the evolution of the modern surge-bin from a simple, so called, constant density tank with its inherent mass-flow compromises, limited feed preparation and beneficiation abilities, and footprint penalty, to a current state-of-the-art surge-bin, the LFCU, with a control system which provides demonstrable steady outputs, while conditioning and in some cases beneficiating the ROM material and all from a highly compact unit. It further discusses their use in other applications around the world, for example providing the necessary security for long distant high-density pumping systems; constant high density, low water usage, tailings disposal pipelines and high capacity ultrafine iron ore beneficiation.

Aug 24, 2022

By Grieveson P, Rajakumar V

The reduction of an ilmenite concentrate with coal at 1000, 1050 and 1100¦C was investigated using thermogravimetry and X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and electron probe microanalysis of the product. The effects of temperature, coal particle size, addition of ferric chloride and preheating of the concentrate in argon on the reduction kinetics and mechanism were determined. The rate of reduction increased significantly with temperature and was enhanced by the addition of the catalyst. The morphology of the iron was primarily determined by the degree of weathering of the particle. Significant coarsening of iron was obtained in the dense particles by the addition of ferric chloride. The sequence of reduction and the enhancement in the rate of reduction by preheating the concentrate in an inert atmosphere are discussed.

Jan 1, 1991

By A G. L Pratt, J R. Grant

Mining companies face the ongoing challenge of sustaining and growing production. This paper outlines business investment concepts to grow reliable returns on investment from a portfolio of choices by:improved visualisation, diagnosis and tune up of the investment pipeline (pipeline management); good corporate decision making (governance) to select the right project mix, risks and sequence; and delivery strategies to enhance and reliably execute projects.

Jan 1, 2006

By M Dusci, A Trueman, S Poos, R Baumgartner, M Brittan

The Canahuire epithermal Au-Cu-Ag deposit in southern Peru is a complex and challenging deposit for metallurgical studies. It has issues of gold locking in sulfides and non-sulfides, deleterious elements and acid rock drainage (ARD). From scoping study to feasibility study, there has been considerable improvement in the understanding of the important geometallurgical characteristics that need to be measured and modelled. This paper presents the current understanding and the requirements to continue to provide optimal models for mining studies.Significant effort has been put into understanding the genesis of the deposit. Improved spatial and temporal understanding of lithology, alteration, structure and mineralogy was used to build a geological and alteration model of the deposit.Early metallurgical programs quantified the effect of head grade on process plant recoveries, but the geometallurgical and statistical analyses did not identify other physical characteristics that influence these recoveries. The studies improved the understanding of the nature of locked gold which can occur as minute inclusions (< 5 ¦m) in sulfides (primarily pyrite with lesser arsenopyrite, pyrite being 100 times more abundant than arsenopyrite) and gangue minerals (quartz and carbonates) as well as solid solution in arsenopyrite and pyrite.The presence of pyrite and the limited buffering capacity of waste rocks increases the potential ARD, which will require mitigation costs before, during and after operations. Waste rock ARD potential has been classified and incorporated in the geometallurgical model. The current classification of waste rock at Canahuire, using international classification standards, is limited due to the complexity of the deposit.Complex deposit metallurgy necessitates a complex process flow sheet, including flotation and cyanidation. Economic recovery will be constrained by the relationships between economic variable grade, other elements and mineralogy. These constraints and inter-relationships are difficult to establish throughout the deposit with a single test. A follow-up geometallurgical program is under investigation and will attempt, with the help of additional test work, to map areas of higher and lower recoveries. It is hoped that metallurgical response can be linked to measurable parameters other than head grade. If this is possible, these factors can be incorporated into future geometallurgical models.CITATION:Baumgartner, R, Dusci, M, Trueman, A, Brittan, M and Poos, S, 2013. Building a geometallurgical model for the Canahuire Epithermal Au-Cu-Ag Deposit, Southern Peru - past, present and future, in Proceedings The Second AusIMM International Geometallurgy Conference (GeoMet) 2013 , pp 51-58 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Sep 29, 2013

By I Douglas, L Allen

Localised indicator kriging was developed following a similar approach used by Marat Abzalov (2006) in his paper titled æLocalised uniform conditioning (LUC): A new approach for direct modelling of small blocksÆ. Abzalov introduced the idea of mapping panel distributions from uniform conditioning onto selective mining unit-sized blocks that were created using ordinary kriging. This concept of remapping panel distributions was applied to multiple indicator kriging histograms.At Newmont a program was developed that made the remapping of MIK histograms to SMU sized blocks extremely efficient and was subsequently tested on several gold deposits. The results have been encouraging as the localised indicator kriging (LIK) method has eliminated many issues that have plagued both ordinary kriging and multiple indicator kriging. Use of localised indicator kriging methodology limits the smearing of high-grade and the over-smoothing of grade that is common and difficult to control in OK but retains the ability for localising grades. LIK also simplifies change-of-support corrections, eliminates un-mineable slivers of low or high-grade when dealing with small tonnages, and allows for the mapping of linear and non-linear estimates into the same block.

Sep 26, 2011

By O Bøckman, E Thisted, K H. Esbensen, U Thisted

Process industry measurement systems, once installed, are often interpreted as static black boxes delivering correct values as long as not proven otherwise. After first implementation and set-up with a distinct sampling frequency, they often run ‘forever’ without checking if this frequency is still appropriate with respect to changed raw materials characteristics, different process conditions or changed customer specifications. Failure detection is based on operator experience and skills (often close to an art form) and/or from control measurements of reference samples. This may well be too late for many industrial process contexts. An appropriate sampling frequency is a critical success factor for valid monitoring and control.Based on the methodology of variographic analysis we here illustrate how to design/re-design/optimise an industrial measurement system in terms of sampling frequency, discretisation and accuracy based on customer specifications. We also show how variographics can be used to monitor for deviations. We use experience from process industry to show how these methods can be used not only for product characterisation, but also for monitoring input factors, process indicators and measurement of these. The information hidden in the vast amounts of data that is continuously created in modern process industries can be utilised to cut costs in the measurement activities and at the same time contribute to early error detection. We illustrate by case examples from production processes at a nickel refinery, supporting the Lean and Six Sigma methodology. This will provide a standard operating procedure for monitoring the stability of measurement systems, and provide a basis with which to discuss how a variographic approach can be integrated with the Lean and Six Sigma approach as an online tool to map, characterise and validate measurement systems and thus avoid more cumbersome measurement system analysis in full detail.CITATION:Thisted, E, Thisted, U, Bøckman, O and Esbensen, K H, 2017. Variographic case study for designing, monitoring and optimising industrial measurement systems – the missing link in Lean and Six Sigma, in Proceedings Eighth World Conference on Sampling and Blending , pp 359–366 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

May 9, 2017

By D Clarke, I Minniakhmetov

This paper describes the application of the SBRE framework to model the Olympic Dam deposit, one of the largest copper and uranium deposits in the world. Geostatistical simulations are the best practice for quantifying uncertainty in the mineral value chain and estimating resources. However, these simulations are currently undertaken on an ad hoc basis in the mining industry due to the high requirements in computing resources and capabilities in advanced geostatistics. The SBRE project provides a standard framework to test, build, and run conditional simulation workflows, which has been applied to the Olympic Dam deposit. Conventional geostatistical methods face challenges when modelling the Olympic Dam deposit, such as non-stationarity, non-linear correlations, and a large number of grid blocks to simulate. To address these challenges, a combination of methods was used, including projection pursuit multivariate transform, trend-residual decorrelation, pluri-Gaussian simulations, and turning-bands simulations. Various tools and applications were used to build the model, including in-house developed applications, Autovariogram software (Varify), and the RMSP python library. All computations were accomplished on the AWS cloud using the EC2-Batch service. The final set of simulations was validated using various methods, such as grade-tonnage curves, histograms, swath plots, and variogram reproductions, as well as validation using historical samples back-testing. The study highlights the importance of an automated, modular, and scalable framework in the development of conditional simulation workflows and describes the learning gained from trials of different combinations of methods and software

May 24, 2023

By Riel RG

Nickel and cobalt mineralisation at the Murrin Murrin deposits, in the North Eastern Goldfields region of Western Australia, occurs within laterites developed on Archaean serpentinised peridotite units. Lateritic weathering of the peridotite has produced a resource of 116.8 Mt at 1.10 per cent Ni and 0.082 per cent Co (resource at May 1996 with a 0.8 per cent Ni cut-off; see Fazakerley and Monti, this volume). The mineralogy of the Murrin Murrin laterites was investigated to identify the minerals hosting significant Ni mineralisation. Laterite profiles were studied using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), impregnated polished thin sections, and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) Electron Microprobe analysis, of RC percussion drill chips. This paper summarises the results of these studies, and briefly discusses the nature of the minerals hosting Ni mineralisation.

Jan 1, 1996

The mining of Australia's rich and diverse mineral resources has been central to the development of the continent by "Europeans" over the past two hundred years. Mining has historically been encouraged (to varying degrees) by development-orientated state governments (the. managers of largely Crown-owned resources) and since Federation, by successive Com- monwealth governments (which have seen mineral development as a means of generating export revenue to fund predominantly social-welfare orien- tated budgets). This marriage of convenience between governments and the mining industry has to date served all parties well. However, Australia's entry to a new world economic environment at a time that community percep- tions are changing (owing to an education-inspired challenge to "old" values) is challenging the hitherto held assumption that mining develop- ment is always aligned with the well-being of the State and community. Issues such as the type and extent of State/Commonwealth government taxation, resource ownership and control, the environment, land use con- flict, the extent and desirability of secondary processing and infrastruc- ture funding are being debated in the public arena. Opponents of mining in the community are well-organised and are well funded, articulate and more importantly, they have effective communication channels with most governments, irrespective of political complexion. Apart from some television-orientated corporate image building and recent efforts by AMIC, the industry's response to this challenge has been unco-ordinated, poorly directed and arguably ineffective. Professionals working in the industry are concerned about the community's perception of themselves and their industry. Recognizing that the Australian democratic system ensures that, in the large, government at its various levels, is reflective of and responsive to the views and aspirations of people, the industry's response must be wide- ranging, equally articulate and couched in a form which is politically acceptable. New objectives in providing information to the public and its educators must be formulated. Moreover, professionals are looking for new directions from industry leaders. The Institute is well placed to facilitate this process.

Jan 1, 1988