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By J. P. Powell

Since the beginning of waterflooding in the Midcontinent area, the Bureau of Mines has published many reports3-6/ describing in detail the results obtained on individual waterflooding projects in the area. These are intended as guides for operators in the selection of well-spacing, water-treating, and other techniques, as well as an indication of the results being obtained in waterflooding in various areas, fields, and horizons. In addition, Bureau personnel has arranged a tour of selected waterflooding projects each year for the past several years so that actual operating conditions may be observed and an additional opportunity provided for exchanging information. Each of these tours has been supplemented by a published

Jan 1, 1959

By E. J. Gleim

In keeping with past custom, it is the purpose of this publication to bring up to date previously published lists of equipment that meets safety standards of the bureau of Mines so that the mining industry may be informed as to the development and availability of equipment that can be used safely. The present lists supplement those in Bulletin 543. Permissible Mine Equipment Approved to January 1, 1953; Information Circular 7722, Permissible Equipment Approved During the Calendar Years 1953-54; and Information Circular [40], Permissible Equipment Approved During the Calendar Years 1955-56. These [ew] lists also contain equipment meeting those standards revised since the last listing. A revision of Schedule 16C (now Schedule 16D4/) was officially approved on September 28. 1958. Schedule 29 was another standard revised in 1958. The revision was officially approved on September 8. 1958, and is known as Schedule 29A5/ .

Jan 1, 1960

By Alan J. Fejes

As part of its mine subsidence research program, the Bureau of Mines and the American Electric Power Co. cooperated on a study, conducted at the Price River Coal Co. No. 3 Mine, directed toward developing the capability to estimate the surface subsidence resulting from longwall mining in a geologic, topographic, and mining environment common to coalfields in the Western United States. Subsidence was monitored at the No. 3 Mine over two adjacent longwall panels. The subsidence study area was reduced when the two planned panels were reduced in length because of equipment failure and a mine fire. Subsidence was measured for 21 months. Subsidence continued for 6 months after mining had been completed. A maximum of 2.2 ft of subsidence occurred over the two longwall panels mined at an overburden depth ranging from 300 to 1,500 ft.

Jan 1, 1986

By C. C. Anderson, H. H. Hinson, H. J. Snhroeder

"INTRODUCTION The Eunice field is one of a group in southeastern New Mexico producing oil and gas from so-called limestone-type reservoirs in which the productive strata are dolomite or dolomitic limestone ordinarily, wells in reservoirs of this type show wide differences in their productive characteristics, indicating erratic variations in porosity and permeability. Often there is a large difference in total footage of actual ""pay"" penetrated in neighboring wells and the vertical distribution of the ""pay"" within the productive strata varies. In the Eunice field there are few easily recognizable geologic markers to indicate true structural conditions of the oil-productive section, due to horizontal and vertical gradation in chemical compositions and lithologic characteristics of the strata. Geologic markers are found some distance above the oil-producing zones in this field and consequently they indicate only the general structure. Furthermore, no direct relation has been found between the general structure and the accumulation of oil within the reservoir.Many problems in well-completion and production practice have been met in the Eunice field because of erratic variations in porosity, permeability, in vertical distribution of ""pays,"" and the apparent departure from ordinarily accepted relations of oil accumulation to structure. A detailed study of the position and characteristics of the oil- and gas-producing zones aids production procedure. The methods employed in studying the Eunice field, discussed in this paper, may be applicable to other limestone-type reservoirs."

Jul 1, 1939

By A. R. T. Dennues

"INTRODUCTION There are presented in this report the results of limited studies by the Bureau of Mines of the firedamp safety of some powder-powered tools proposed for use underground in coal mines. This study was made to obtain general information and specific technical data for a cable splicer and some rail punches now commercially available, the aim being to keep abreast of developments and to anticipate hazards.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSAcknowledgments are made to the Mine Safety Appliances Co., Pittsburgh, Pa., for supplying equipment for these tests, and to the Pittsburgh Coal Co. for making possible observations of the use of these tools in coal mines.The assistance of other members of the Explosives Division is acknowledged: J. E. Crawshaw, for examination of ammunition and, propellant powders; H. L. Wilson, for analyses of the natural gas used in the gallery and Jerome C. P. Weinheimer and Martin Bashel, for conducting the gallery tests.GENERALDescriptions of the DevicesPowder-powered tools of the type tested utilize the energy of charge of,propellant powder accomplish tasks. They are essentially small guns adapted to special work. Of the family of such tools now commercially available from one manufacturer, two have been proposed for use underground in coal mines, namely a cable splicer known as model TI and two models of rail punch known as R40 and R60. These tools employ blank-cartridge ammunition and special projectiles to accomplish the work indicated by these descriptive names."

Jul 1, 1947

By Warren E. Morrison

This study was prepared in response to the need for a series of data that reflect the basic flow pattern of energy resources in the United States. To effectively measure and analyze energy,2 it is necessary to prepare balances that reflect both production and consumption, and the various forms energy resources take at different stages of utilization. Before energy can be measured it must also be put into a common unit. In this study the common unit used is the British Thermal Unit (Btu). The ideal point to survey energy is at the stage of final ultimate use, representing the useful work derived from the interaction of energy inputs and the prime mover. Unfortunately this concept of efficient or useful work from energy output cannot readily be measured in the aggregate. With the present available official data, energy measurement can be carried to the point of calculation of net inputs of energy3 into the economy at various stages of utilization. However, preparation of energy balances, on a net basis is hampered by the fact that this can only be done for years when the censuses of Mineral Industries and Manufactures are taken, usually at 5-year interval.

Jan 1, 1964

By E. L. Garton

Analyses of samples of crude oil from fields in West Texas have been published from time to time in Bureau of Mines reports.3/ Analyses of 100 samples of crude oil from West Texas) collected during 1946 to 1952) are presented in this report. The production of crude oil from the fields in this portion of Texas totaled 381,129,000 barrels4/ during 1951 - an amount greater than that of any previous year. Total cumulative production of this area through 1951 was 2,792,692,000 barrels.5/ Table 1 gives monthly production figures for 1951 and yearly totals for the preceding 10 years (1942-1951) [ ]

Jan 1, 1953

By Jeanne A. Zimmer, Charles D. Taylor, Edward D. Thimons

Strategies for monitoring methane levels during roof bolting in an extended cut entry were evaluated. Testing was conducted at the Pittsburgh Research Laboratory’s methane test gallery. Operating conditions were varied and methane releases at the face and drill holes were simulated. Methane readings were taken at the face, and at locations outby the face. Results show that, when the major source of methane was at the drill holes, the highest methane readings were at locations on or 6.1 m (20ft) inby the bolting machine. Methods for selecting better outby sampling locations, when the majority of the methane is released at the face, are examined. During roof bolting it is easier to sample at these outby locations rather than at the face. Further testing is needed to determine what relationship exists between methane concentrations at the outby locations and at the source of the methane release.

By Warren E. Morrison

This study was prepared in response to the need for a series of data that reflect the basic flow pattern of energy resources in the United States. To effectively measure and analyze energy,2 it is necessary to prepare balances that reflect both production and consumption, and the various forms energy resources take at different stages of utilization. Before energy can be measured it must also be put into a common unit. In this study the common unit us d is the British Thermal Unit (Btu). The ideal point to survey energy is at the stage of final ultimate use, representing the useful work derived from the interaction of energy inputs and the prime mover. Unfortunately this concept of efficient or useful work from energy output cannot readily be measured in the aggregate. With the present available official data, energy measurement can be carried to the point of calculation of net inputs of energy3 into the economy at various stages of utilization. However, preparation of energy balances, on a net basis is hampered by the fact that this can only be done for years when the censuses of Mineral Industries and Manufactures are taken, usually at 5-year intervals.

Jan 1, 1964

By Robert K. Koch, Henry E. Blake

Laboratory tests were made to determine if aluminum fluoride of commercial grade could be synthesized by reacting alumina hydrate with dilute ( 25 to 75 grams per liter of fluorine ) aqueous fluoride solutions . • Products containing up to 90 percent aluminum fluoride ( A1F ) were synthesized by reaction of alumina trihydrate ( A120 3H2O) with either dilute hydrofluoric acid ( HF ) or ammonium fluoride ( NHF) solutions , the ammonium fluoride solution resulting from ammonia ( NH ) desilication of a hydrofluoricfluosilicic acid ( HF - H₂ SiF ) solution . Fluorine recoveries of over 80 percent were obtained with either type of solution . The hydrated precipitates of AlF, and ( NH4 ) , A1F ( ammonium aluminum fluoride ) obtained by reacting hydrated alumina with these solutions were subsequently converted to anhydrous AlF, by controlled heating .

Jan 1, 1964

By Mark Sheppard

This paper is the second of a series recording the results of tests made at various quarries throughout the United States to determine, (1) the relation between the size gradation of feed to, and product from, primary crushers; (2) the particle shape of crushed product; (3) the differences in gradation and particle shape produced by different tries of primary crushers; and ( 4) the differences in gradation and particle shape caused by crushing different kinds of stone. Primary crushing has received comparatively little attention in the technical literature in spite of tine fact that the design of the whole crushing plant should be correlated to the performance of the primary crusher.

Jan 1, 1938

By L. H. Duschak

"This paper is based on the results of work conducted of the bureau's experiment station at Berkeley, Calif., in connection with the investigation of properties and methods of utilizing Western magnesite. The experiments described herein were made under the supervision of the writer, by W. C. Riddell and E. H. Delius, of the station's staff.In calcining magnesite for the production of magnesium oxide to be used in the preparation of oxychloride cement, the calcium carbonate present in the original rock may remain unchanged or appear in the finished product, either as CaO, or in combination with SiO2, A12O3, etc. As there is reason to believe that free CaO may have an effect on the behavior of caustic magnesia in the cement reaction, it is desirable to have a method for the determination of the relatively small amounts of free CO in the presence of a large quantity of MgO.The extraction of the free CaO with water free from CO2 at once suggests itself as a possible method. The solubilities of Ca(OH2)2 and Mg(OH)2. are given by Seidell in his book an ""Solubility of Inorganic and Organic Compounds."" (2nd Edition, 1919) as follows:"

Jun 1, 1920

By G. C. Branner

The bauxite diagram presented as figure 1 was developed to clarify, by graphic means, the theoretical chemical constituents of gibbsite-kaolinite-type bauxite for all possible proportions of these two minerals from pure gibbsite to pure kaolinite. The tables in the report reflect the same date. The diagram provides (1) a graphic representation of the relations of constituents with respect to a ill possible percentages of alumina and silica, (2) a basis for verifying the accuracy of analyses of gibbsite-kaolinite bauxite, and (3) a basis for estimating the type and proportion of alumina hydrate and/or silicate minerals that may be present in gibbsite-kaolinite-type bauxite. The diagram, with accompanying interpretations and use formulas, will be useful to those connected with the mining and processing of bauxite.

Jan 1, 1955

This report is a compilation of all information obtained in accordance with the requirements of contracts SO122076 and H0232056. A series of eight coal mines were visited to determine their communications usage and requirements. Presently available equipment was surveyed and evaluated to determine its applicability to the needs of the mines. The equipment studied includes that made by the following companies : Anaconda Telecommunications Division Andrew Antenna Bendix Communications Division Collins Radio Group of Rockwell International Executone Communication and Sound Systems Gau-tronics Mine Safety Appliances Company Motorola Communications and Electronics, Inc National Mine Service Company Plessey Communications Systems Corp Pye Electronics Limited Reach Electronics Set Com Corporation Sonex Incorporated Mine visits and in-depth interviews were made alt the following sites: Robena No. 4, Pennsylvania Greenwich Colliery Mines, Pennsylvania Somerset Coal Mine, Colorado Keystone No. 1, West Virginia Harris Mine No. 1, West Virginia Baldwin Underground No. 1 Mine, Illinois Lovilia No. 4 Coal Mine, Iowa Orient No. 3 Coal Mine, Illinois

Nov 15, 1974

By R. G. Meara, O&apos

The land-pebble district of Florida, which in 1928 supplied 96.7 per cent of the phosphate production of that State and 82 per cent of the domestic requirements of the United States, is centered in Polk and Hillsboro Counties about 30 miles east of Tampa The deposits are unconsolidated sediments occurring as beds of phosphate matrix overlain by a mantle of barren sands and clays. The matrix consists of a mixture of Sand (quartz grains), clay, and phosphate rock in which the coarsest sand is much finer than the coarsest phosphate; that is, the sand is segregated in the fine material. Before the introduction of classifiers the concentration consisted of log washing, and screening at about 20-mesh, which was usually the finest size that could be taken to maintain commercial grade, 66 per cent B. P. L. (bone phosphate of limey or more. When classifiers were introduced some of the fines that had escaped at the head of the washery and some of the minus 20-mesh material isolated during the rushing and formerly lost supplied the feed.

Jan 1, 1931

By Mark Sheppard

This p aver is the second of a series recording the results of tests made at various quarries throughout the United States to determine, (1) the relation between the size gradation of feed to, and product from, primary crushers; (2) the particle shape of crushed product; (3) the differences in gradation and particle shape produced by different types of primary crushers; and (4) the differences in gradation and particle shape caused by crushing different kinds of stone. Primary crushing has received comparatively little attention in the technical literature in spite of the fact that the design of the whole crushing plant should be correlated to the performance of the primary crusher.

Jan 1, 1938

By Milton Orchin

There has been a good deal of speculation as to the function of a vehicle in the coal hydrogenation process. One of the most fruitful theories has been the suggestion that a vehicle such as tetralin functions by supplying hydrogen to the coal, and that the high-pressure hydrogen present in the system serves to regenerate the tetralin. In order to obtain experimental evidence bearing on this theory, a series of experiments was planned in which varying quantities of tetralin were used with coal in the presence of high-pressure hydrogen. This paper reports the results of these experiments.

Jan 1, 1949

By Peter D. Lohn

The Bureau of Mines conducted both laboratory and field investigations to study the effectiveness of medium-pressure (up to 30,000 psi) water jets in controlling the generation of airborne respirable dust during the hydraulic fragmentation of coal. Laboratory studies were conducted at the Farmington High Energy Test Site of the Twin Cities Mining Research Center, and field studies were carried out at the Humphrey No. 7 mine, Mount Morris, Pa., in the Pittsburgh coalbed. The water jets were produced by commercially available triplex pumps. The dust samples were collected by midget impinger samplers, and analyzed by electronic and optical counting techniques. Respirable dust concentration for a full-scale production model was projected at below 2 mg/m3, the maximum exposure allowed by the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969.

Jan 1, 1975

By H. P. Hermance

The Ore Hill zinc-lead mine in Grafton County, N. H., was investigated by the Bureau of Mines from March to July 1943 and from August to October 1944. Fourteen holes with an aggregate bore of 4,899 feet were diamond-drilled, the old workings were unwatered and sampled to an inclined depth of 250 feet, and the tailings dumps were surveyed and sampled. The deposit at the Ore Hill mine comprises a bedding-plane vein of massive sphalerite and galena with subordinate chalcopyrite and pyrite in a series of interbedded metasedimentary and metavolcanic schists about one-quarter mile east of their contact with the intrusive Baker Pond gneiss. The property was first opened about 1850 and was active at times to 1914. Production records are not available, but the output is believed to have been considerable. In 1944, leasers recovered a marketable mica product from mica schist from the dumps and certain outcrops. This report describes the work performed in the Bureau's investigation and presents the data obtained.

Jan 1, 1948

By A. B. Hooker

All State mining laws require that flame safety lamps be used in gassy mines; the laws of some States require that safety lamps be kept for emergencies at every coal mine, whether gassy or nongassy. The use of the flame safety lamp has been widespread because it is the only defice readily available for detecting both the presence of methane and deficiency of oxygen. This paper reports the results of an investigation by the Electrical Section, in cooperation with the Gas Section, of the Pittsburgh Experiment Sta¬tion relative to the behavior of permissible flame safety lamps in mine atmospheres deficient in oxygen and the effects of methane5 on the detection of Oxygen deficiency.

Jan 1, 1937