Search Documents

By Wang Xuguang, Tian Ruigi, Xiong Shangbin, Xiong Daiyu

Combining action features of explosive shock with those of natural lignocellulosic biomass structure, we have successfully developed a new explosive shock dilatation and separation technique for pretreatment of natural lignocellulosic materials in the laboratory. Based on a brief introduction to the technical background and experimental procedure of this new method, some preliminary experimental results are given and discussed: the scanning electron microscope (SEM) qualitative observation results show that for treated natural lignocellulosic sample such as corn cob etc., their length of fibre bundle shortens, fibre bundle arrange disorders, biomass appearance and structure of samples largely change to be dilatation and loose state. The dilute acid hydrolysis quantitative measure results show that for treated samples, the overall yield of the reducing sugar largely increases, hydrolysis rate of corn cob sample is over 80%, rate and speed of hydrolysis are increased by times.

Jan 1, 1998

By Mark A. Williams

Topography and geology greatly impact the decision of how to plan and operate a surface mine. To extract coal, five primary surface mrning methods are practiced in the United States. These include contour strip. mountamtop removal, area, modified area, and open pit mining methods. The first four approaches are commonly associated with coal mining while open pit techniques, although used in the mining of coal, are more commonly applied to the mining of hard rock, metals, and aggregates. Various sub-routines of the primary surface mining methods are likewrse applied rn the industry.

Jan 1, 1991

By Steve Colburn

The CRITERION Survey Systems utilize both theodolite mounted and hand held reflectorless distance meters. These are eye safe, easy-to-use, and specifically designed to endure the harsh environments characteristic to the mining, quarry and explosives industries. Survey data collected by the systems is digitally stored in a ruggedized data collector and then processed with a specialized, Windows-based, interactive software program which can be run on’ any standard PC.

Jan 1, 1998

By Bruce Vandenberg, Andy Battfay, Don Lake, Steve Conway, Jeff Yorsz

"High-speed motion pictures are an invaluable resource for blasting analysis. Whether processed by the human eye or a computer, this imagery can provide important insight into a blast and its effects.While certainly popular, traditional high-speed film cameras hamper this process. Instant feedback is not available since film requires developing and, relevant in the case of automated analysis, film isnot immediately compatible with a computer. With these facts in mind, a new high-speed video camera system, the SVCSOO, has been developed. The SVC500 combines the capabilities of a high-speed film camera, the convenience of a solid-state digital video camcorder, and the computing power of a ‘486 PC to provide a complete, standalone platform for high-speed image acquisition and analysis. This paper will describe the design, features, and use of the SVCSOO andcompare these with the analogous aspects of film cameras."

Jan 1, 1994

By Corry Goumans, Ron J. Elliot

This paper discusses the challenges encountered in drilling and blasting of a small diameter shaft underneath a parking garage in historic Gastown, Vancouver, BC. This project involved drilling in a restricted headroom area, blasting in a confined space environment, and excavating using a novel vacuum technique. The 1.2m x 1.2 m x 8.5m deep shaft was required for installation of a hydraulic piston for a show lift. The project called for very accurate drilling through inter-bedded sandstone and siltstone within the water table. Development of a unique blast design was required for blast vibration control on a historic structure located just 15.8 meters away. The shaft was successfully completed without damage to any of the surrounding structures.

Jan 1, 2004

By Cceliksirt, V Erkan

This computer program has been developed under the field conditions for use in control of surface drilling-blasting operations. This paper outlines the relevance of fragmentation to quarrying, open pit mining or road cutting and key features and operating principles of the software (DelPat for Windows 95).

Jan 1, 1998

By John Brulia

You’ve probably heard the old expression, “The more things change, the more they stay the same.” But the adage doesn’t seem to hold much water when it comes to making a telephone call on the road. Thirty years ago, a “powder hound” had to stop his 2-wheel drive vehicle at either a roadside diner or a telephone booth to make a call using a public telephone. But, fast-forward to 2007, and a contemporary “explosives engineer” driving his or her 4-wheel drive vehicle simply makes a call “on-the-fly.” The fundamental difference between these two eras is the result of the introduction and the proliferation of cellular or wireless technology. On the one hand, this fundamental difference is much welcomed in the form of personal and business conveniences; and improved productivity. On the other hand, this fundamental difference creates a new set of un-welcomed conditions causing a potential “digital danger.”

Jan 1, 2008

By Dennys Huaman, Carlos Rojas

Using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm to reparametrize the Kuz-Ram original model equation of the mean characteristic size and assess the errors of both models and their comparisson using different statistics measures like chi-squared or relative error with the usage of the Monte-Carlo algorithm.

Feb 1, 2020

By David Siskind

The authors studied small seismic exploration blasts for vibration characteristics and effects on structures in Mexico. Obtained were 267 three-component recordings of ground vibrations and structure responses from 62 test blasts at six single-story masonry structures. Charges were 4.55 kg (10 lb) of Vibrogel expolsive at depths of 20 and 30 meters. Initial blasts were 240 meters distant and proceeded towards the structures to as close as 5 meters. All blasts were in soil media in two basic types of terrain, low saturated areas and upland dry areas. Structural inspections were before, during, and after the test blasts.

Jan 1, 2002

By Kyle Ott, Bernard Daly, Syed Haq, Douglas Anderson, Parsons Brinckerhoff

Drill and blast was determined to be the most cost-effective means of excavating the Raw Water Tunnel (RWT) for the Croton Water Treatment Plant in the Bronx, New York City. One of the major issues confronting project designers was the potential impact of blast vibrations on a major City Distribution Tunnel (CDT). The proposed path of the RWT would cross less than 30 meters (100 feet) above the CDT, which was built in 1917. Discussions with New York City Department of Environmental Protection led to vibration criteria on the CDT of 51 mm/sec (2 in/sec) peak particle velocity as an alert level, and 38 mm/sec (1.5 in/sec) as a review level.

Jan 1, 2012

By Will Hunt, Darren Thornton

In March of 2013, an undisclosed gold mine (MINE X), located in the Western United States, performed blast movement monitoring of three blasts occurring in one of two active pits. Blast Movement Monitors (BMMs) were placed in the bench before blasting, and located after the blast to determine vectors of movement. Using blast movement software, ore/waste boundaries were translated. These locations were compared to MINE X’s standard ore translation procedure, which consisted of moving polygon boundaries by 17.5 feet (5.3 m) in the burden direction of the blast hole pattern. This translation amount, identified by MINE X as “average” motion, had been ascertained by performing a previous blast movement study.

Jan 1, 2014

By Raden Haris Handayana, Jerri Mapanta, Eri Barlian, Milia Putri, Nasfryzal Carlo, Jihan Lubis

Waste oil is a growing problem throughout industries where environmentally responsible disposal ways are usually costly. There are many industries have developed process to reuse of waste oil as a source of energy on their own premises. Hanwha Mining Services Indonesia is one of blasting service that manufacturing explosive using waste oil. The usage of 60 % waste oil content in fuel solution already developed applied since 2020 at Petrosea-Kideco Site and will be increase until 100 % in 2022. The purpose of this research is to analyze the increasing of waste oil usage from 60 % to 100 % content at Petrosea Pit without reducing the emulsion quality and performance, and surely eliminate the fuel cost and reducing waste oil processing cost. Some trial conducted to determine the effect and quality of using 100 % waste oil content on emulsion at production blast. The method use to know the quality of 100% waste oil of emulsion is by direct application on bench blast. Using Microtrap VoD recorder, explosive energy will be recorded into m/s dimension, microtrap recorder the speed of explosive detonation in line with the speed of burning wire in the blast holes. The summarized of this research present that the using of 100 % waste oil content on emulsion can be applied on bench operation with the result of Velocity of Detonation (VoD) data is 4,559 mm/s, the mean of fragmentation size is in range 65.31 to 225.62 mm, the average of digging time on 1st layer is in range 10.2 to 11.6 s and on 2nd layer is in range 8.9 to 9.5 s, and the productivity still achieve on target. The result of all parameter quality still in the standard range of Hanwha and Petrosea.

Feb 6, 2023

By Yogesh Narula

Nevis Bluff Landslide - On September 17” 2000, a rockfall measuring lO,OOOm3 at Nevis Bluff, New Zealand, triggered a loday emergency. It ended when a hazardous column of rock that towered over State Highway 6 was finally shattered. The operation called for unusual and unique solutions using aerial bombing and inverted blasting techniques, not known to have been attempted before under these conditions, anywhere in the world.

Jan 1, 2002

By Sanna Mustonen, Seppo Mellanen, Mellanen, Pekka Kantia

In Finland Posiva Oy (Company) is responsible for implementing the final disposal programme for spent nuclear fuel of its owners. Company is preparing for the geological disposal in Olkiluoto crystalline bedrock. Excavation will be executed using drill and blast method. Method unavoidably causes variable excavation damaged zone (EDZ) on tunnel surfaces. The EDZ constitutes a risk for long term safety and therefore good control methodology of the blasting technique is required. The thicker the EDZ, the greater is the likelihood for detrimental transport pathways for ground water to transport radio nuclides, should those be present.

Jan 1, 2016

By Tapan Goswami, Lloyd Hain, Geoff Brent

For many years Ramp 24 at Ensham mine in Queensland, Australia has suffered substantial coal loss and damage due to the fragile nature of the coal and problematic geological conditions, which have proved very challenging. In the past various blasting techniques were applied in attempts to improve coal recovery. One approach was to use a shallow throw (cast) blast followed by a separate post-strip blast underneath. Another method was the introduction of the practice known as “baby decking” with the addition of a large buffer of material in front of the coal. However, despite increasing mining costs, none of these techniques adequately reduced coal edge loss and damage.

Jan 1, 2008

By Johnny Lyons-Baral, John Kemeny, Don Kraemer

Ground vibrations from blasting can result in the degradation and failure of rock and soil exposures, as well as damaging neighboring houses and buildings. At the same time, vibration provides an opportunity to regularly monitor the rock and soil exposures. If a geophone or accelerometer is attached to a rock block or wedge on a mine slope, for example, then blast vibrations will regularly “sound” the rock block and the resulting vibrations can be used to assess the stability of the rock mass in the neighborhood of the accelerometer, as well as monitoring the properties of the blast. This paper describes the development of a wireless sensor network based on inexpensive MEMS accelerometers for blast monitoring and rock and soil structural health monitoring. The wireless sensors are placed at various locations in and around an open pit mine or quarry, and transmit data to a central source after ground vibration events occur. As described in the paper, a variety of wireless and non-wireless accelerometers were tested in actual field conditions. This includes the monitoring of over 30 blasts at an open pit mine in Arizona with as many as nine simultaneous accelerometers. Matlab was used to process all the data and develop innovative methods to view and interpret the data. This includes the use of the wavelet transform to determine resonance frequencies, and the use of both ground resonance frequencies and scaled-distance peak particle velocity (ppv) relationships to assess slope stability. As part of this research, a three-dimensional point cloud environment for viewing and analyzing the vibration data from the sensors has also been developed.

Jan 1, 2014

By Frederick Kuhnow

In open pit blasting, energy is released and transmitted through the geology. Negative effects can impact operations and can affect mine production. This paper presents recommendations for blast design to prevent damage due to ground motion from blasting on adjacent concrete structures of underground operations. It includes a case study describing a problem regarding an open pit mine expansion and asks whether production blasting will damage concrete shaft structures due to blast stress waves and blast-induced ground motion.

Jan 1, 2014

By Wang Hong Qu

This paper observes the shape of throw explosion crater its ejecta locus of internal medium and the process of distance along with slope's angle developing. It was discovered that initial velocity is inversely proportional to slope's angle. The velocity of surface distribution at the lower half crater of explosion is larger than at upper one. It carries the relevant calculated formula and physical process of explosion crater forming under the inclined boundary conditions, and some important law. It proved that the gravity influence is very distinct for the blast action in the little resistance line.

Jan 1, 1991

By Edward Walter

Rock excavation for tunneling projects occurs on a regular basis in the Cleveland area. These tunnels are being constructed to increase the capacity of the sanitary sewer system. Controlled blasting must be performed to remove rock in a number of phases of the project. The rock excavation for construction of a junction chamber is just one case where blasting is the safest and most efficient method available.

Jan 1, 2001

By James A. McGrath

"The predominant key word associated with all commercial blasting methods is “safety”. Safetyshould take precedent over all other aspects of the entire explosives industry which on a wholehas had an excellent track record as to number of injuries per unit of hours worked at all blastsites throughout our country."

Jan 1, 1999