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By P. A. Bahri, D. G. Dixon, T. M. Woodward

A comprehensive mathematical model of the Sherritt-Gordon ammoniacal pressure leaching process at K winana Nickel Refinery has been constructed. The process is comprised of six autoclaves functioning as a three-stage leach circuit, operating over the temperature and pressure ranges of 85-95°C and 750-1000 kPa, respectively. The process chemistry forms a complex series-parallel reaction network, characterised by: (1) the gas-liquid mass transfer and reduction of oxygen, (2) the oxidation of eight distinct minerals, (3) the oxidation of sulphur, and successive reactions involving various intermediately oxidised sulphur species, and (4) the oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III), and subsequent precipitation as a hydrated ferric oxide. Material balances were developed for species in all three phases, and an energy balance to account for all reactions and phase conversions. The multiple convolution integral (MCI) statistical reactor model was employed for the scale-up of particle kinetics. The model has been validated against plant data, and simulation results are in agreement with plant performance.

Jan 1, 2005

By Royston Colbourne

Objectives Of Presentation - Identify specific risks - A fresh look at risk - Provide a moment reflection on risk - Open discussion on risk A route to solution and advanced thinking.

May 1, 2010

By C. -G. Berg, J. T. Tuominen

Since the beginning of the 20th century, energy efficiency in copper smelting has been improved by a factor of 30 as a result of adopting autogenous smelting processes with more and more efficient waste heat recovery systems, increasing use of oxygen enrichment and countless smaller improvements. Nevertheless, energy in the form of electricity and fuels continues to be the biggest contributor to smelter operating cost. Metallurgists around the world are under constant pressure to find ways to save those precious megajoules wherever they can. One area that is often neglected is the removal of water contained in concentrates. Copper flotation concentrates, as delivered to a smelter, typically contain some 8–12% moisture. This moisture must be removed and the only way to do this is by evaporation, which consumes a lot of energy. Several studies have shown that the most efficient way of removing this moisture is to use a steam- heated indirect dryer—the least efficient way being the feeding of wet concentrate directly into a smelting furnace. Even in the most efficient smelters that employ modern steam drying, the energy needed to remove the moisture from the concentrates constitutes over 15% of the total energy consumption of a smelter – acid plant complex. The major steps that have been taken in the past to lower the energy consumption of moisture removal are the use of drying in general and the adoption of steam drying. The energy efficiency of concentrate drying has been improved by 25% over the last 20 years. The latest giant leap in this area, the Kumera Heat Recovery Dryer, is the result of Kumera’s long-term development in improving the efficiency of concentrate drying. The Heat Recovery Dryer is a novel application of steam drying that uses the waste heat from dryer exhaust gas for drying concentrates, thus, cutting the energy consumption by a further 30%. This paper discusses energy consumption in copper smelting in general and analyzes the energy consumption of concentrate drying in detail. Different dryer types are compared especially from the perspectives of energy consumption and environmental emissions. Applicability of different energy sources for drying is evaluated and discussed. The principle of the Kumera Heat Recovery Dryer is presented along with results from extensive continuous pilot plant tests. Potential applications and the feasibility of Kumera Heat Recovery Drying technology are discussed.

Jan 1, 2019

By D. B. Haas

THE HYDRAULIC TRANSPORT of solids is becoming increasingly prevalent throughout the world. Major long-distance slurry pipelines currently in operation transport commodities such as coal and various ore concentrates distances of up to hundreds of miles. In the United States, a number of large-diameter, high-tonnage pipelines are under consideration for the transport of Western Plains coal to markets up to 1000 miles away. In these and other applications, the solids are generally quite fine, with 14 mesh being a typical limit of particle size for long-distance (over 100 miles) slurry transport. There are applications where it might be practical to transport solids consisting of larger particles distances of up t o 100 miles. Deposits of high-quality metallurgical coal are found in the inner foothills belt along the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains on the Alberta-B. C. border. There are few existing railroad s and the possibilities of constructing extensions are limited because of environmental and economic factor s. In these circumstances, the most efficient transportation system might consist of a pipeline to transport the coal from the mine to beneficiation plants located near existing railroads 50 or 100 miles away. Such systems would minimize environmental effects, capital cost s and operating costs. To determine whether such a system would be technically feasible, experimental testing is needed to determine the energy requirements for transporting coarse coal in a pipe line. Currently, run-of-mine metallurgical coal is crushed to less than 1 1/2 inches before going to the beneficiation plant. In the proposed scheme, coal of this size would be transported through a pipeline to the beneficiation plant located at the railroad. The Transportation Development Agency and the Department of Supply and Services have awarded a contract to the Saskatchewan Research Council to study pipelining of coarse coal in pipelines ranging from 4 inches to 12 inches in diameter.

Jan 1, 1977

By Mel Owen, Bob Tipman

"A number of studies have identified the presence of heavy minerals in the Athabasca oil sands. A 1996 Mineral Development Agreement study into the recovery of Co-Products identified low operating costs, a simple flowsheet and access to market as key drivers in advancing interest in a viable project.Commercial bitumen extraction processes recover 50% of the titanium heavy minerals and 85% of the zircon into froth containing 1 % of the feed solids. Froth treatment tailings grade is 11.5% Ti02 and 3.6% Zr02.Processing this high grade feed in a combination of flotation, roasting, screening, gravity concentration and magnetic separation, results in concentrates of rutile, leucoxene, ilmenite, zircon and rare earths of marketable quality.A combination of high grade feed and a simple process lead to operating costs among the lowest in the industry. Low cost heavy minerals and low energy costs indicate an intriguing potential for low cost pigment production in Alberta. The production of heavy minerals from oil sands remains one of the largest untapped resources in the Province of Alberta1.0 IntroductionThis paper describes the results of an investigation into the recovery of heavy minerals from tailings produced by the major oil sands plants. The study was carried out under a Canada-Alberta Mineral Development Agreement (Alberta Chamber of Resources 1996). The MDA Co-Products Study examined the potential for the economic recovery of heavy minerals from oil sands tailings."

Jan 1, 1998

By C. Peña, C. A. Zaror, M. Bustamante, M. Vega

The goal of this paper is to present the carbon footprint of Chilean cathodic copper, as a function of the electricity generation mix, ore grade, and process efficiency. Ore grades and acid leach-solvent extraction-electrowinning (LX-SX-EW) yields in the range 0.5-1.0% and 60-80%, respectively, were considered here. Additionally, electricity supply from two Chilean suppliers, SING (1.0 ton CO2/MWh) and SIC (0.4 ton CO2/MWh) was assessed. Simulation results show that oxide plants located in northern Chile, served by the SING network, feature carbon footprint within 4.3 - 11.4 MWh I ton cathodic copper, as compared with 3.5 - 9.3 MWh I ton copper in plants served by SIC. The footprint was found to increase as ore wade and process yields decrease.

Jan 1, 2011

By P. R. A. Andrews, R. K. Collings

"In cooperation with le Ministère de l'Énergie et des ressources, Québec, le Centre de Recherches minérales, Sainte-Foy, Québec, and various silica producers, selected deposits of Quebec silica were identified in the southern region of the province and sampled to provide material for evaluation as glass and foundry sand by CANMET. The samples included both sandstone and quartz/quartzite. Head sample analyses ranged from 94.66% to 99.54% SiO2, 0.038% to 0.230% Fe2O3, and 0.16% to 4.51% Al2O3.Impurities included pyrite, iron oxides, and iron staining on quartz grains; carbonates as calcite; and alumino-silicates as clay and/or feldspar. Processing included size reduction to grain size, about 600 µm, by jaw, roll and cone crushers, and grinding in a muller-mixer. Removal of fines was achieved by attrition scrubbing and washing. Further removal of impurities was achieved by reverse flotation of iron oxide and alumino-silicate minerals employing both anionic and cationic collectors. Flotation resulted in a substantial improvement in the quality of most sands, the quartz concentrates analyzing 99.08% to 99.80% SiO2, 0.014% to 0.048% Fe2O3, and 0.06% to 0.49% Al2O3. Removal of iron oxide minerals was also investigated using the Sala HGMS. Iron oxide analyses of the non-magnetic fractions were comparable to the iron oxide analyses of the quartz concentrates obtained by flotation, 0.013% to 0.054% Fe2O3. On the basis of the samples submitted, silica from 5 of the 6 deposits studied has potential as source material for glass sand. Foundry tests showed that 3 of the 4 samples submitted for evaluation have potential as foundry sand."

Jan 1, 1987

By Ainul Akhtar, Steve Cockcroft, Daan Maijer, Carl Reilly, Lu Yao, Jun Ou

A coupled thermal-fluid flow-multicomponent model has been developed to aid in understanding the melting/dissolution behavior of solid Al-rich Material (TiAl) in a liquid titanium pool produced by an electron beam. The model is capable of accounting for the significant phenomena present affecting heat, mass and momentum transport including thermal and compositional buoyancy and Marangoni forces, Darcy attenuation, evaporation, melting and solidification, and the associated release or absorption of latent heat. The modeling results have indicated the compositional fluid flow driving forces (compositional buoyancy and Marangoni forces) contribute significantly to the melting/dissolution process. The model is waiting for validation against empirical data.

Jan 1, 2014

By R. D. Brown

"Concerns over possible additional involvement of governments in Canada's mining industry and its adverse effects on the industry 's growth were a frequent topic of conversation at the recent Annual General Meeting of the CIM.Still painfully fresh in the minds of industry leaders are the disastrous results of the federal/provincial scramble over resource revenues which followed the relatively high metal prices witnessed in 1973/1974. At current metal prices, it is not surprising, then, that a nagging fear persists that these governments may once again restructure tax and other rules to the detriment of the industry and the country.This month, Tax Notes recalls some of the progress which the industry and governments have made in 1979 in the taxation of the resource sector, and urges that higher metal prices be viewed in light of the costly exploration, development and production efforts which will be required for the industry to continue to play its important role in our economy.IntroductionAt the Annual General Meeting of The Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, held in April, 1980, it was abundantly clear that there is widespread concern in Canada's mining industry that this country's tax regime may once again be blasted by ill winds of change.A stable and more favourable tax climate, as well as higher metal prices and profits, made 1979 almost a golden year for Canadian mining. However, from the tax viewpoint at least, there are some spots on the silver lining as apprehensions grow that the well-heralded battle between federal and provincial governments over oil and gas may spread to the mining sector, with serious damage to the industry and its newfound federal-provincial cooperation."

Jan 1, 1980

By Bruce C. Fielder

"The concentration of uranium in orebodies discovered in the Athabasca Basin of northern Saskatchewan over the last 20 years has increased by a factor of 100. These high grade uranium orebodies are associated with high concentrations of radionuclides, complex mineralogy and an elemental makeup that includes base metals, arsenic, and molybdenum. Exploiting these high grade ores has required metallurgical advances in milling, tailings disposal and effluent treatment as well as changes in the design of uranium mills.This paper describes the most significant advances, including advances in dealing with the environmental issues which have become more prevalent in recent years. The milling processes of the Cluff Lake Mill, Key Lake Mill, Rabbit Lake Mill, and McClean Lake Mill are compared to illustrate both similarities and differences necessary for milling different orebodies.BackgroundUranium mining in Saskatchewan started in 1953 when the Beaverlodge Mine, owned by Eldorado Nuclear Limited (Eldorado), came into operation at Uranium City. Development in the Athabasca basin started in 1975 when the Rabbit Lake mine came into operation. This was followed by the start-up of the Cluff Lake mine in 1980 and the Key Lake mine in 1983. The McClean Lake mine is forecast to start up in the near future. The McArthur River mine recently received construction approval and the Cigar Lake Project and the Midwest Project are currently in the environmental approval process.The Beaverlodge operation ceased production in June 1982 after nearly 30 years of operation. The Rabbit Lake mill processed Rabbit Lake ore from 1975 until 1985, Collins Bay R-Zone ore from 1985 until 1993, and is currently processing ore from the Eagle Point mine (Bharadwaj, Jarvi and Lam, 1996). The Cluff Lake mill processed ore from the D- Orebody from 1980 until 1984. Since then the Claude orebody has been processed and the OP and DS orebodies are presently being milled (SRK. Senes and Melis, 1987; and Cogema Resources Inc. 1994 ). The Key Lake mill processed ore from the Gaertner ore body from 1983 until 1989 and Deilmann ore has been processed since (Cameco Corporation, 1992b and I 994a). Processing of McArthur River ore in the Key Lake mill is scheduled for 1999. The McClean Lake mill will be processing ore from the JLR, Sue and McClcan orebodies associated with the McClean Lake mine. In future ore from the Cigar Lake and Midwest projects will be processed in the McClean Lake mill. (Minatco Limited. 1991a)."

Jan 1, 1998

Energy benchmarking is widely applied across industries to determine the potential to improve energy performance. Unlike the many technologies for which energy benchmarks and efficiency rating systems are already in maturity, benchmarking of mining processes is still in its infancy. Benchmarking energy usage in mining operations, where energy costs are high and represent a significant portion of overall operating expenses, is challenging due to the uniqueness of each mining operation. Mines vary in terms of geology, geographic setting, ore body geometry, mineralogy which impact the mining method, material handling, processing and waste management. In order to gauge the opportunity for reducing the energy intensity of individual operations and also to compare the energy performance of operations on a global scale, the deployment of new benchmarking methodologies, models and frameworks is necessary. As a step towards the establishment of an accurate framework for benchmarking the energy consumption of mining operations, comminution, one of the more energy intensive mining sub-processes, was selected as the focus of a new energy benchmarking method. The methodologies and processes used to onset fragmentation in a rock mass to the crushing or grinding of rock to a size that is suitable for economic extraction are predominantly dependent on the ore properties. For this reason, site specific factors, such as the size reduction requirements and ore hardness were included in an energy benchmark model so that the energy performance of comminution processes at different operations could be normalized and compared on a global scale. Single particle compression breakage has been identified by several prominent researchers in the field of comminution as the upper limit of energy utilization in size reduction processes. For this reason single particle compression breakage was proposed as the basis of a work index for ores to be used as an input for the benchmark model. Overall, the new method showed that the energy benchmark for mineral comminution can be normalized and subsequently compared for a range of mining operations once the ore hardness has been appropriately characterized.

Aug 1, 2013

By L. Jiang

This report investigated the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) phenomenon in magnesium alloy AZ31 billets to understand the deformation mechanisms and microstructure evolution during extrusion and other metal forming processes, Compression tests of coarse-grained as-cast magnesium alloy billets containing lamellar Mg17Al12 eutectic phase and (Al, Mn) particles suggest that temperatures higher than 300°C, strains greater than 0,25 and strain rates above 0,l/s lead to the formation of fine DRX grains in the deformed samples. Microstructural observations also indicate particle-stimulated DRX nucleation (PSN) during hot deformation of the AZ31 alloy, facilitated by the presence of Mg17Al12 and (Al, Mn) particles, While the Mg17Al12 is dissolved into the matrix at about 350°C, (Al, Mn) particles may remain effective for PSN at temperatures up to at least 400°C, This study suggests that alloy design with a proper distribution of second-phase particles can provide the desired microstructure for improved properties and formability in wrought magnesium alloys.

Jan 1, 2004

By J. P. Harrison, R. Roostaei

"In this paper we investigate the consequences of using conventional triaxial peak strength criteria in the polyaxial stress conditions that occur around the end of a long circular underground opening. A series of 3d boundary element analyses were performed using Examine3D to determine the stresses induced around the tunnel in different in-situ stress conditions. To discuss the applicability of a triaxial strength criterion in failure prediction, strength factors were computed for both the Ottosen polyaxial strength criterion and the triaxial Hoek-Brown criterion. Assuming that the Ottosen criterion is an accurate indicator of strength factor, the discrepancy from this value due to the Hoek-Brown criterion is the error in prediction.In order to simultaneously show the error in prediction and actual strength factor, a quantitative bivariate colour scheme is used to visualize the results. This allows rapid identification of regions with large error, and where either unsafe or overly conservative conditions occur. We show how the inappropriate use of triaxial criteria rather than polyaxial criteria leads to an under- or over-estimation of strength factor, and can result in uneconomic or unsafe design. Extending the analysis to different in situ stress regimes shows how the in situ stress conditions affect the assessment."

Jan 1, 2015

By A. Manohar Rao

Underground mining in general and more so the coal mining is a hazardous venture as it is a struggle against nature and natural forces. The stability of roadways has a direct impact on production and productivity. The roadway stability can be strongly influenced by the direction of the drivage. The stress studies are useful to provide a frame work for understanding the influence of drivage direction on roadway conditions, and to illustrate how mapping techniques can enhance this understanding. The act of mining can concentrate and re-orient the original stresses. Whenever coal is removed, the overburden weight that it carried is transferred. Vertical stresses are similarly affected when the roof is deformed or failed. The Singareni Collieries Company Ltd., a joint Public sector undertaking of the Government of Andhra Pradesh and India is conducting coalmining operations in the Godavari Valley Coalfield and is catering to the needs of a large part of South India. With the technology update, it is looking for safe mining and to achieve higher production. As a part of this, an attempt is made to understand the stress conditions prevailing on the mine blocks by different ways and means in terms of geology, structure and tectonics of the Godavari Valley coalfield, satellite imagery studies, cleat pattern, stress measurement studies conducted in different mine blocks, and stress mapping technique.

Aug 1, 2013

By S. G. Shabestari

In the metal casting industry an improvement of component quality mainly depends on better control over the production parameters. Thus, thermal analysis cooling curve of the alloy is used for process control in aluminum casting industry. Cooling rates of the alloy during solidification process affect microstructure, grain size, eutectic silicon morphology, and dendrite arm spacing (DAS). In this research, effect of cooling rate on the microstructure and solidification parameters of 319 aluminum alloy that is a widely used alloy in automotive industry, has been investigated by means of thermal analysis. Seven different cooling rates have been obtained by using CO2-bonded silica sand molds with two different wall thicknesses, hot-work tool steel molds (H13) with and without coating, thin-wall steel molds with different coatings. In each case, cooling curve and first derivative cooling curve have been plotted by use of very accurate thermal analysis equipment. Effect of different cooling rates on solidification parameters e.g. Nucleation temperature (TN,a), nucleation undercooling (ATN,a), recalescence temperature (TR,a), solidification range (AT,s), and total solidification time (t 0 have been studied in the liquidus region. Microstructural evaluation has been carried out and DAS were measured in all solidification conditions. A numerical equation was proposed to predict cooling rates via measuring DAS in 319 aluminum alloy. Nucleation process and the effect of cooling rate have been interpreted by using thermal analysis cooling curves and microstructural study.

Jan 1, 2004

By Dennis Z. F. Mraz

"Because rock salt and pot ash formations contain particles capable of elastic deformation, the material has usually been compared with various rheological models containing elastic elements. Extensive laboratory testing of salt and potash samples resulted in various theoretical conclusions based on conditions quite different from those in a deep mine. It is felt that sufficient data have now been collected from underground measurements and observations to demonstrate the inelastic behaviour of salt masses in a deep mine. The conditions in deep salt strata can be defined as near hydrostatic, because the acting pressures are very high compared to the negligible elastic limit of the salt. The pressure field and creep around the single opening is a function of its shape, size and age. The same factors, together with extraction, determine the behaviour of the mining a rea. The application of the correct analytical method in mine design can significantly improve the excavation techniques and predetermine the long-term behaviour of openings."

Jan 1, 1973

By Vladislava A. Ignatkina, Victor D. Samyguin

"Within the limits of two-phase approach, considering mass transfer with pulp and air streams was shown that each bubble appears to be an elementary carrier, transporting particles from the collection zone into the froth. The kinetics of flotation was described by the exponential equation in which first order flotation speed constant has to be replaced with two-phased coefficient of a mass transfer. Criteria of selectivity of two ore fractions separation, based on determination of optimum time at which maximum difference between extractions and components content in separated fractions were offered. An interrelation between optimum time of pulp residence in a flowing chamber of a flotation machine, time of bubbles mineralization and an optimum airflow has been ascertained. Cumulative criterion of mass transfer efficiency of flotation process has been ascertained to be a form of the spectrum and its position on axis of three-phase coefficient of a mass transfer.INTRODUCTIONRegularities of a mass transfer of three bearing streams: pulp stream, air stream and froth stream underlie theory of mineral complexes flotation (Samygin, Filippov, & Shekhirev, 2003)However, only description of mass transfer in pulp stream by means of kinetic equations that were simple and convenient for practical use, has gained a full distribution (Tykhonov, 2009;Rubinstein&Filippov, 1980; Saleh, 2010).Within the limits of a single-phase approach, the role of gas stream in increase of speed and selectivity of flotation, was associated with an improvement of hydrodynamic mode. An influence of particles and bubbles sizes (Rubinstein&Filippov, 1980; Rubinstein&Samygin, 1998, Samygin et al., 2003; Dai, Fornasiero,& Ralston, 2000), of pulpflow and airflow (Finch& Dobby, 1990) and turbulent energy intensity (Shubert, 1979; Massinaei, 2007) on the flotation process has been studied. It was stated that flotation selectivity is increasing by means of gradual airflow increase from first to final cameras of the impeller flotation machine (Aslan&Boz,2010; Finch, 2011) and by means of using a multizone flotation machine (Samyguin, Filippov, Matinin, Lekhatinov, &Tertyshnikov, 2013)."

Jan 1, 2016

By M. Pelser, H. Gous, J. H. W. M. Brits, K. Voogt

The effect of impurities; iron and selenium, on current efficiency and deposit quality in copper electrowinning was investigated using an at-line cell at the Rustenburg Base Metals Refiners’ Copper Tankhouse. The tankhouse is a direct leach, starter sheet electrowinning operation with a unique electrolyte composition. The effect of iron on the current efficiency in the at-line cell was found to be less severe than reported in literature. However, the distinction between the chemical impact of iron on current efficiency and the physical impact of iron on a starter sheet operation needs to be realised. The effect of selenium on current efficiency and deposit quality is also reported. INTRODUCTION Anglo American Platinum’s Rustenburg Base Metals Refiners’ (RBMR) Copper Tankhouse serves a unique function in the refinery flowsheet in that its primary functions are the removal of copper and production of acid for the leach circuit. This function needs to be performed to specification in order to keep the leach circuit operating optimally. Current efficiency is seen as an indicator of tankhouse performance and efficient energy use. The tankhouse plates starter sheets onto titanium blanks which, after stripping and preparation, return into the production cells for further plating. Approximately 78% of tankhouses surveyed (Robinson et al., 2013) use permanent cathode technology whereas older, smaller operations still use starter sheet technology. Drawbacks of the starter sheet technology are that the starters are thin and bend easily leading to increased shorts, they need to be removed after two days of plating to be manually straightened and are then returned to the cells. In addition, the electrolyte levels in the cells need to be adjusted during the plating cycle to improve loop adhesion to the cathode and reduce loop corrosion. The starter sheet technology is therefore very labour intensive and the final quality of the product is dependent on the quality of the starter sheets produced. In comparison, permanent cathode or direct plating technology lends itself to automation, allows for higher current densities and better cathode quality due to more robust geometric stability in the cell. The present barrier to implementation of permanent cathode plating at the RBMR Copper Tankhouse is the capital cost required to convert the tankhouse, i.e. blanks and stripping machine. At present, alternatives to titanium blanks, such as LDX 2101, are being investigated for the unique electrolyte composition of this tankhouse.

Jan 1, 2019

By Bian Xue, Wu Wenyuan

High quality, mono-dispersed, hollow CeO2 microspheres with high surface area were produced by a spray pyrolysis method at 700oC. CeCl3 was used as the raw material of the process rather than Ce(NO3)3 because the latter is relatively difficult to obtain in industrial quantities. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy results confirm the high quality synthesis of hollow CeO2 microspheres with narrow size distribution, good mono-disperse, and good reproducibility. The process of the formation of mono-dispersive CeO2 microspheres was investigated by chemical dynamics and a possible mechanism is proposed. This simple method for synthesis of CeO2 microspheres is easily scaled up to fabricate other metal oxide nanostructured materials at industrial scale.

Jan 1, 2014

By Zhibao Li, Lanmu Zeng

The behavior of dicalcium silicate in NaOH-NaAl(OH)4-Na2CO3 solution is of significance for controlling the silica level in the production of alumina via the sintering process. Dicalcium silicate samples were obtained through a twostep approach: coprecipitation of calcium and silicate from CaCl2-Na2SiO3-NaOH solutions; and calcination of the hydrated precursor at 1200°C for 4 hours. The optimization of the synthesis parameters including temperature, solution concentrations and aging time was also investigated. Xray diffraction (XRD) and chemical analysis show that the calcined solids include dicalcium silicate with trace amounts of wollastonite. The solubility of the synthesized dicalcium silicate in HCl, NaOH, mixed NaOH-NaAl(OH)4 and NaOH-NaAl(OH)4-Na2CO3 solutions was determined. It was found that the solubility increases with increasing HCl and NaOH concentration. The effect of temperature on the solubility in HCl solutions is limited, but the solubility decreases with increasing temperature in NaOH solutions. The solubility of dicalcium silicate in NaOH-NaAl(OH)4 and NaOH-NaAl(OH)4-Na2CO3 solutions was shown to increase with increased temperature, Al(OH)3 and Na2CO3 concentration. The BromleyZemaitis model for the aqueous electrolyte system was selected to predict the solubility of dicalcium silicate. The model’s predictions yielded certain success compared with experimental solubility data.

Jan 1, 2014