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By E. L. Chanturiya

The research and characterisation for compositional, physicochemical, structural, electrical and flotation properties of various pyrite samples for a copper-zinc sulfide ore was carried out. Various methods were used during the research, such as optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), phase emission analysis, routine chemical analysis, auger electron spectroscopy (AES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), back-scattered electron images (BSE), potentiometry, and instrumental neutron-activation analysis, flotation. Analysis of obtained results established the interrelation between impurity structures and concentration of electric charge carriers in minerals, Butyl xanthate sorption and flotation yield of pyrite. The research concluded that pyrite samples differ by morphology, micro defects of structure, concentration of donor and acceptor impurities (Co, As, Sb, etc.) and conductivity parameters (thermo-electrical force, specific resistance and concentration of charge carriers The peculiarity of pentagon-dodecahedral pyrite is the high concentration of electric charge carriers (electrons) and the more negative surface potential (by 25–75 mV) in comparison to cubic pyrite. The surface of cubic varieties is more active, therefore it is oxidized in alkaline lime medium much faster, than the surface of pentagon-dodecahedral varieties. This phenomenon is caused by high reaction ability, irregular jointing and defects of cubic pyrite. This promotes the increase of calcium ion sorption on its surface and the decrease of Butyl xanthate sorption. According to this, an increase in alkalinity (lime medium) from a pH of 10.0–11.5 leads to an increase of gold content reporting to the tail of bulk flotation. Gold content is increased from 0.58 g/t (?? 9.5) to 1.9 g/t (?? 11.6), which represents an increase in gold recovery of 24.68 to 79%, respectively.

Jan 1, 2016

By E. R. Mitchell

When we grow up in an urban environment and choose to become a part of a way of life, it is sometimes difficult to appreciate the cost of this decision in terms of pollution. Explained in this article is our dependence on technology and the amount of pollution that technology produces. Inventories of air pollution on both a personal and a national basis are given so that the reader may judge the magnitude of the problem. In doing so, it is hoped that the reader will understand the need for a responsible attitude toward pollution by everyone and how he can make a personal contribution.

Jan 1, 1971

By T. S. Smith, C. C. Rennie

"THE LEAD-ZINC and tungsten mines of Canadian Exploration Ltd are on Iron Mountain, 8 miles south of Salmo, B.C., in the Nelson mining division. Relative location of the mines is shown on the general plan.First recorded lead production was in 1908 from surface outcrops. Small amounts of high lead ore were mined intermittently until 1926. No major lead-zinc production occurred until 1949 when outcroppings on the south side of the mountain were mined and diamond drilling began to prove the existence of a large replacement orebody. Lead-zinc ore has been mined continuously from the Jersey orebodies since March 1949, with monthly tonnage as high as 50,000 tons per month, but currently averaging 30,000 tons per month.Schee1ite-bearing tungsten ore was found in 1942 by H. Lakes in an old adit and open cuts at the north end of the Emerald tungsten orebody. The Emerald tungsten mine was developed by the Federal Government as a Wartime Metals project and operated for eight weeks in the fall of 1943, when the poor demand for tungsten closed the mine. Canadian Exploration Ltd. purchased the mine in 1947 and mined in excess of 100,000 tons in 1947-48 until the demand for tungsten dropped again and interest was centred on lead-zinc. The Federal Government repurchased and reopened the Emerald Mine in 195 L and built a new concentrator. The mine and mill were sold back to Canadian Exploration Ltd. in 1952.Regional Geology and IntrusivesThe host rock for both the lead-zinc and tungsten mineralization is the Laib formation of Lower Cambrian age, which consists of 400 feet of crystalline limestone underlain by beds of argillite, and argillaceous limestone locally altered to ""skarn"" or ""tactite"". The Laib limestone is overlain by black argillite and underlain by the Reno quartzite of Pre- cambrian age. Repetition of folded beds has allowed the interpretation of the large isoclinal fold which repeats the limestone (see general cross-section). Dolomitization and the associated lead-zinc ore have been found only in the right-side-up limestone and are not known in the overturned limestone.Two elongated stocks of granite cut the sediments. The Emerald stock outcrops along the east side of the Emerald tungsten mine and again west of the Jersey workings, while the Dodger stock outcrops only at the north end of the Iron Mountain. The shape and attitude of these bodies are believed to have been governed partly by pre-granite faulting and partly by pre-granite folding of the sediments. Although some forceful intrusion may have occurred the detailed granite surface indicates a gentle stoping emplacement."

Jan 1, 1949

By S. Hopkins, R. Preston, S. Gillis

"This paper examines typical visual inspections of operational soft rock mine shafts and discusses some of the challenges involved, many of which are associated with inconsistent inspection practices. The paper presents the development of a more standardized approach to periodic shaft inspections that supplement the more frequent inspections performed by shaft crews at the mine. This approach helps to keep an accurate record of changing conditions, compare conditions between multiple mine sites, as well as prioritize and plan potential remedial work. INTRODUCTION Shaft inspections, whether they are performed daily or weekly by members of the shaft crew at the mine, or periodically by consultants, traditionally involve a visual inspection undertaken with personnel traveling on an inspection deck on the conveyance, taking notes and photos. Inspections are typically required by mining regulations and carried out to identify and address hazards before a safety incident occurs that could cause harm to people or damage to property, as well as to help plan required maintenance work. Depending on the site, there can be many challenges associated with inspections in the shaft, especially compared to a typical inspection at surface. Some of these challenges are associated with the shaft environment itself, while others are related to the subjectivity of inspections and a lack of standardization, particularly between multiple sites within the same operating company. Recognizing these challenges, a more consistent and repeatable approach to shaft inspections in soft rock mines is evolving. This approach involves reviewing available historical data, comparing sites with similar conditions, establishing survey control, documenting observations and measurements with locations, and updating as-built or condition drawings. Part of this standardized approach is the implementation of an innovative 360-degree camera with a high-power lighting system that can be used either remotely or alongside personnel completing a traditional visual inspection. The system uses six cameras to take photos at a rate of 15 frames per second, with the image data subsequently processed and stitched, then joined into a high-resolution video. This tool improves time-efficiency, objectivity, and repeatability of inspections."

Jan 1, 2019

By I. Soosaiprakasam

This work investigated inhibition performance of copper carbonate (CuCO3), which is less toxic than conventional heavy-metal corrosion inhibitors in amine treating plants, The investigation was experimentally carried out in a bench-scale electrochemical corrosion cell under an atmospheric pressure, The inhibition performance of CuCO3 in an aqueous solution of monoethanolamine (MEA) was examined under a wide range of operating conditions and reported as a function of process parameters including inhibitor concentration, temperature and solution velocity, The results show that CuCO3 functions as an anodic inhibitor. The addition of CuCO3 decreases corrosion rate of carbon steel but might induce pitting corrosion/

Jan 1, 2005

By B. L. Moreau

Certain gas wells tend to form hydrates in the production tubing. This paper outlines a method developed and used by the Author's company to overcome the problem. The injection of glycol to control hydrates results in sufficient dehydration to allow the gas to be trans-ported through a field-gathering system b a treatment plant. Sub-surface injection of glycol also offers a method of introducing corrosion inhibitors into the gas stream. The major operating difficulties have been overcome and the system is now in use in the northeastern part of British Columbia.

Jan 1, 1958

By T. T. Tigert

INTRODUCTION THE PURPOSE of this article on methane is to present the simple basic facts of the characteristics, detection, occurrence, and control of this natural gas in metal mines, so that operators and .safety men may deal with it with some degree of confidence. Fortunately, although methane has been noted at many metal mines throughout Canada, the occurrences usually are small flows of short duration, and the ignitions experienced have, in most cases, had minor consequences. However, methane does present a hazard that can be of serious proportions, and ?any complacent attitude toward this gas that might exist in the minds .of people engaged in underground mining operations should be dispelled when it is ,pointed out that, in Ontario alone, ignitions of this gas have resulted in at least four fatalities, and eight men seriously injured and burned, during the past three years. lt is well-known that liberation of methane can and does .occur suddenly, often in mines where no gas has been found before, and that many ignitions and explosions have occurred in so called non-gassy mines. In view of this, it is apparent that no mine can, with any degree of certainty, be classified as non-gassy. CHARACTERISTICS OF METHANIZ The characteristics of natural gas encountered in most of the Ontario mines indicate that methane is the chief constituent. Methane (CH4), commonly termed 'marsh gas', and by the coal miner 'firedamp', is a colourless, odourless, and non-poisonous gas considerably lighter than air, and is the explosive gas frequently found in coal mines. Its physiological effects, closely resemble those resulting from nitrogen.

Jan 1, 1951

By Matthew Scott

Introduction The refining of precipitate is the final stage of all the processes involved in gold mining and cyanide milling, by which the precious metal is at last obtained in a concentrated form, which can be accurately valued and marketed. Possibly one ought to say, conveniently shipped, for accuracy in valuation depends in many instances on a toughening treatment given the bars as received at the Mint so as to obtain a homogeneous metal that lends itself to representative sampling; which, of course, entails a surcharge on the regular Mint charges for the extra work necessarily undertaken. There are several methods of refining zinc-gold precipitate, each with its advocates; the method employed depending not always on the quality of the bullion produced but on the local exigencies of the case in point. These methods are more or less detailed in various textbooks and it is not the purpose of this paper to discuss them, but to confine ourselves to the specific case as stated in the title of the paper. At the outset, it behooves the writer to express his thanks to Mr. Brigham, the General Manager of the Hollinger Mines, for the kindly consideration and encouragement given in developing this process. This will be better understood when one considers the immense values involved, tending towards conservatism in practice, and making one chary of radical innovations. This process has been in satisfactory operation now for about two and-a half years, during which time over twenty-five million dollars value in fine gold has been produced, so that it may be reasonably held that the process is successful.

Jan 1, 1931

By T. C. Holmes

"Dome mine, in the Porcupine mining camp of northern Ontario, is one of the important gold mines of Canada, its production of gold from the commencement in 1910 to the end of 1946 having a value of $149,000,000.GENERAL GEOLOGYThe oldest rocks in the mine are greenstones of Keewatin age(l). Those to the south are known as the southern greenstones, but little is known of their structure. Those in the northwest part of Fig. 1 and the north part of Fig. 2 are known as the northern greenstones or greenstone 'nose'. They face north, dip steeply north, and end to the east against an unconformity which pitches northeast about 20°. The volcanics are overlain unconformably by Timiskaming .conglomerate and slate. All these rocks are cut by porphyry. Closely associated with the porphyry is a group of rocks that have suffered extreme alteration. Diabase dykes intrude all the other rocks and the ore. The principal massive rocks in the mine are two adjacent flows known asthe andesite (south) and dacite (Fig. 1). They are composed chiefly ofmassive, medium-grained lava. Pillows, flow lines, and other typically volcanicfeatures are found along the tops of both flows and at other places in theandesite. These parts nearly everywhere show a slight schistosity panllelwith the flows except in the orebodies, where they are massive."

Jan 1, 1954

By Ross D. Lawrence

"Comparable transaction analysis is the best known of the market approaches to valuation of exploration-stage mineral properties. The analysis of option and farm-in agreements can also provide useful guidance to valuators. While such approaches can be distorted by incomplete analysis, market-based methods are capable of providing consistent, credible results when carried out carefully with due consideration paid to all factors which buyers and sellers consider when dealing in the real market.RÉSUMÉRoss D. Lawrence graduated from the University of Toronto with a B.A.Sc. (Applied Geology-1956) and an M.Comm. (Mining Finance-1959). As a student and following graduation, he worked across Canada on a variety of mineral exploration projects.In 1962, he was one of the founders of Watts, Griffis and McOuat, and has practiced as consulting engineer since then. For the past 20 years, Mr. Lawrence has headed up the WGM valuation practice, responsible for a group of professionals which has carried out scores of valuations of mineral properties and mining companies. He is a Certified Minerals Appraiser of the AIMA and an active participant in professional affairs.INTRODUCTIONMineral properties without defined resources present one of the most challenging tasks to the mineral valuator. You will hear from others at this conference about the use of cost and income approaches to the problem of valuing exploration properties. This paper will concentrate on market-based approaches. Market based-approaches are based on the principle of substitution and include such techniques as:??Comparable transaction analysis (sometimes referred to as sales comparison analysis).??Farm-in commitment analysis??Rules of thumbAre there any valuation standards available to assist the valuator? In Canada there are none that apply to the valuation of mineral assets or securities. This problem is being addressed, at least in part, by the CIMVal committee of the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy & Petroleum (CIM)1. Further, the recently established Canadian Association of Mineral Valuators will be giving consideration to the adoption of valuation standards."

Jan 1, 2003

By John J. Laffin

"IN THE BOOK that has been rated the best seller of all time, it is predicted that man will earn his livelihood by the sweat of his brow. Apparently man has accepted the statement as a challenge and has been attempting to refute it ever since, as he continues to transfer the workload to his inanimate servants - the many types of machines and other labour-saving devices that are available to assist or perform for him in the normal tasks of the day. The history of the evolution of the use of energy takes us back to primitive man, who existed in a very low energy environment, the only energy available being his own muscle power. Although man took a great leap forward when he discovered fire, which was used for lighting, heating and cooking, he still depended upon his own muscles for power. Early man's greatest achievement was probably the invention of the wheel, which permitted him to utilize the muscle power of animals. While still in a very primitive state when viewed from the perspective of the twentieth century, man, with fire and the wheel, had achieved a standard of life far exceeding that of his predecessors. Looking beyond the very basic elements of human energy, fire and the muscle power of animals, we find the next additions of energy coming from man's mastery of other elements of nature. The Phoenicians utilized the power of the wind and the Romans adapted the energy of falling water to the water wheel."

Jan 1, 1972

By D. M. Aloi

In today's evolving and globalized world, mining companies are being pressured to move beyond compliance towards long-term sustainability and sustainable development. Companies are expected to "engage" with communities and measure the success of these engagements without a clear understanding of "how" to do this. This move, away from "Corporate" Social Responsibility (CSR) and compliance, develops more of a focus on "Community" Social Responsibility and sustainability. This shift in focus leads to the development of world-class projects that provide sustainable development for people, reduces the incidence of costly delays, and promotes good global citizenship for corporations. The process of "engaging" communities in mining project design and development leads to a stronger license to operate and sustainable development. To create this mutually beneficial relationship between communities and companies, communities must be "engaged" in the mining process as early as possible, preferably during the exploration or the concept phases. How to create this "engagement" remains elusive. How to measure the progress of this engagement is also problematic. The quantitative and qualitative metrics needed to measure both positive and negative impacts of the mining and community relationship will be discussed.

Jan 1, 2007

By M. P. Davies

"Risk, the product of probability and consequence, is an integral part of mining. Whether evaluating exploration priorities, determining property acquisition potential, reviewing the components of an operating mine or assessing environmental/closure issues, the concept of minimizing risk is central to economic and technically appropriate decision making.Until recently, risk evaluations have tended toward a strongly mathematical basis. With this previous trend, it was essential to establish precise probability density functions to all assessed components or issues where often little information was available. The combined effect of the seemingly complex analyses with corresponding insufficient data often resulted in either a poorly executed risk evaluation or no evaluation whatsoever; either result not acceptable for optimal decision making. This paper presents a simple and practical procedure to carry out risk assessments for the mining industry. Although simplistic in nature, the power and usefulness of the technique is immense. The basis for the procedure involves combining deterministic assessments (often “gut feel”) with appropriate probabilistic descriptors. The resulting procedure, termed Potential Problem Analyses, or PPA, can be used anywhere an evaluation of risk will assist in optimizing technical and/or economic decisions. As will be shown, a key element of the PPA procedure is the multi-disciplinary input the framework allows which makes the method ideal for a teamwork approach to decision making."

Jan 1, 1997

By J. Bouchard, A. Clapperton, L. Ebacher, N. Singh

"Canadian Royalties Inc. owns and exploits the Nunavik Nickel project: a copper and nickel deposit in Nunavik, Quebec. Froth flotation is used to produce nickel and copper concentrates. As is the case at other operations, the presence of magnesium is detrimental to the flotation products. In the past year, the exploitation of a new deposit has increased magnesium in the feed. Thus, it has been challenging to meet the required ratio in the final nickel concentrate. In search for a consistent solution for this problematic, an empirical flotation simulator making use of selectivity curves was developed. The circuit was expressed as a system of linear equations, which considered the distribution of copper, nickel and gangue minerals in the different streams. The relative quantities of each mineral are given by the separation efficiency curves of the various banks in the circuit. Three sources of data were used to calibrate the simulator: historical plant data (metallurgical balance), infinite dilution bench-scale flotation tests, and direct sampling of flotation cells. The calibrated separation curves were used to predict the recovery of the different species based on a single mineral recovery. Validation of the simulator showed good fit for the valuable minerals. The simulator was then used to infer the optimal operating conditions of the flotation circuit to optimise magnesium oxide content of the nickel concentrate. Simulation of two re-arrangements of the circuit gave a promising solution with a Fe:MgO ratio 2.42 times higher than the minimum value.INTRODUCTION Canadian Royalties Inc. owns and exploits the Nunavik Nickel project: a copper and nickel deposit in Nunavik, Quebec. Figure 1 shows the location of the mine site. After crushing and grinding, froth flotation is used to produce nickel and copper concentrates. The flotation circuit is designed with multiple stages consisting of bulk copper/nickel flotation, copper/nickel separation, and a separate nickel circuit (bulk float and cleaning)."

Jan 1, 2018

By D. J. McLaren

"Arctic Canada is one of the largest undeveloped terrains remaining in the world, and is in many ways unique. The ecological balance of the region is more delicate than tropical or temperate regions of similar size. This region is likely to be developed by research for and production of resources, primarily petroleum, in the immediate future. As well as sensitive terrain surface caused by permafrost in some areas, many large and small mammals and birds are also in a delicate balance with the environment. Small changes in this balance can have large effects.The probability of finding petroleum in different regions varies widely, but already there are good indications on the mainland and in the Islands that both oil and gas are present. Geophysical work in the offshore, particularly the Beaufort Sea, suggests further promising potential. Possible reserves in the Islands and mainland Arctic may amount to 50 or more billion barrels.A responsible approach to problems facing exploitation in an Arctic environment includes the careful monitoring by industry of likely effects of their activities. The Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Research Association test loop at Inuvik provides an example of such monitoring. Outside Canada, the operations at Prudhoe Bay on the north coast of Alaska show how major companies may operate responsibly and reduce environmental interference to a minim'.::at. Nevertheless, four variables must affect any decisions to be made concerning energy resource exploitation in the Arctic. These are man's need for energy, economic and industrial pressures to develop energy sources, the desire to preserve a deteriorating environment, and the role of government as representing all individuals in the country and their several points of view. Factors that must be taken into account in making any decisions include the importance of Canadian oil in a world picture, the need for alternative sources of energy in the near future, the depletion of nonrenewable resources at an accelerating rate and the increasing awareness that the major problems facing man have no direct technical solution and that social or political decisions must precede further techno-logical development."

Jan 1, 1971

By J. R. D. Gravel, D. A. Poland

"The induration of iron ore pellets has always utilized prefired pellets to protect the pallet cars from the environment of the induration furnace. This paper presents the process used to obtain superior upper sidewalls. These heat resistant castings are used on induration pallet cars, and their life improvements by as much as 400% is a significant step towards the reduction of the prefired (or hearth layer pellets.) The benefit to the industry in the removal of the hearth layer is improved overall productivity. IntroductionThe Iron Ore Company of Canada (IOC) operates with production facilities located in Labrador City, Newfoundland and Sept Iles, Quebec. It has recently been acquired by North Limited, an Australian based resource oriented company. Prior to its acquisition, IOC has examined several methods of operational cost reductions. One of these was an examination of indurrating pallets. Pallets are composed of numerous assemblies and sub-assemblies. The examination of the upper sidewalls began as an intent to increase the operational life of the component. The anticipated net effect was to be a reduction in the overall pallet maintenance cost. All of the components and assemblies have undergone a severe scrutiny. IOC has found that the success of the project has depended upon not only the technical competency of all parties involved, but also upon the ability to share risk, to be innovative, and to find a partner with whom the development can proceed without fear and yet with accountability. IOC has found in Cast Steel Products (CSP) such a partner in the field of pallet development. This paper will undertake to explore the progression into the arena of partnering between IOC and CSP. CSP and IOC met in the fall of 1994. The work of re-engineering the pallets began with an initial order for 36 pallets in March, 1995. The work on the upper sidewalls involved segregation of the effect of alloy development versus physical geometry development. The nature of partnering between the two companies allocated alloy development to IOC and physical geometry development to CSP, yet no advancements were made in either area without the close co-operation or the involvement of both partners."

Jan 1, 1999

By Mafalda Arias

Most mining and mineral exploration companies? operate in remote locations, in Canada or internationally. Not knowing the cultural imprint of your team and the places where your company is active, may lead to problems. To set the foundation for a better world, it?s important to built trust and relationships inside your global team, within communities and together with stakeholders. Building the ?invisible asset? and developing intercultural awareness is an important part of leadership programs for geologists and engineers on your team, and should be a key component of your Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives. Why is culture important for mining and mineral corporations in their CSR initiatives? Because culture is the foundation of your organizational identity. Understanding the impact of identity, for an organization and for each individual, will provide a description of the experiences and values that affect every work placed interaction, with your clients, with colleagues, with suppliers, with the community of the host country. Each one of us sees and evaluates the world through our perceptions. Through these perceptions we give meaning; how we view and understand our reality which sets the tone for how relationships are built. This is what I call building the ?invisible asset?. Identity, experiences, values and beliefs are invisible commodities, locating them can be as difficult as finding a mine. But if they are not located, the commodity does not have value. Just like in the work we do in our industry. For example when you are working in an underground gold mine and the vein is lost, you keep on working and trying to find the vein; time passes, money is being used and no results. You decide to bring an expert on this type of deposits who gave you directions that allowed you to find the vein. To be a responsible citizen of the world and to set the foundation for a better world, it is imperative to go deep, as deep as your next drilling program, because only there and then, can you develop the cultural sensitivity and the ability to become an agent of change for responsible, sustainable and profitable businesses.

Oct 1, 2010

By R. W. Pauls

"Many tens of thousands of hectares of forested land will be disturbed and reclaimed in the surface mineable Athabasca oil sands area during the next few decades. The surface area disturbed by Syncrude’s Mildred Lake development alone exceeds 10 000 ha to date. It is not clear that reforestation of disturbed areas will best accommodate the aspirations of all stakeholders, particularly traditional users of the land. A five-year research program by Syncrude Canada Limited and the Fort McKay First Nations has examined the feasibility of raising bison on land reclaimed after disturbance by oil sands development. Forage productivity and carrying capacity for bison was comparable to that of grasslands elsewhere in Alberta. Concerns regarding compaction of newly rebuilt soil by bison traffic proved unfounded. Bison demonstrated weight gains typical for ranched bison and calving rates averaged 90%, a value typical for ranched bison. The animal husbandry problems encountered were typical of those occurring on bison ranches elsewhere in Alberta. An economic analysis indicates that a 1000 ha bison ranch on reclaimed land has a net present value that compares very favourably with a similar area supporting commercial forest. Subject to approval by Alberta Environmental Protection, the current research project will be expanded as a pilot commercial ranching venture in order to explore its commercial viability as a business venture by the Fort McKay First Nations. At the same time, measures will be implemented to resolve various regulatory issues associated with commercial bison production in the oil sands area.BackgroundSyncrude Canada Ltd. (Syncrude) is proposing, in its land reclamation strategy, a feature that is, depending on one’s background and perspective, regarded as an innovative approach to land reclamation, a threat to the regional forest industry, a creative response to aboriginal stakeholder concerns, a reneging on reclamation commitments, an opportunity to provide an ongoing economic base for postoil sands regional economy, or an environmentally unsound use of the land. These diverse and sometimes strong reactions have been generated by the proposal to introduce bison, either free-ranging or commercial ranched, to the reclaimed landscape."

Jan 1, 1999

By S. Deonarain, L. S. Schultz

"This paper details the process and methodology followed to rehabilitate a rectangular ventilation shaft, situated in the Free State region of the Witwatersrand Gold Fields in South Africa. The shaft consists of seven compartments where self-mining of the sidewalls had taken place and damage to the decayed steel work in the shaft had taken place, thus limiting access down the shaft. The paper will provide some insight into the successes and challenges encountered during the project and may provide some learnings for future projects of a similar nature. INTRODUCTION The ventilation shaft forms part of the Phakisa Mine, situated in the Welkom area of the Free State province of South Africa, and is located in the Southern part of the Witwatersrand Basin, one of the world’s largest known and richest gold deposits (Figure 1).As is typical in South African gold mines situated in the Witwatersrand basin, the shaft is 1 770 metres deep (below collar). The shaft was sunk during the early 1940’s and comprised a rectangular shape with 7 compartments, used for both rock hoisting and men and material winding, respectively, with a single lift “Mary-Anne” compartment. Early in 2003, the mine decided to change the shaft from a downcast hoisting shaft to an up-cast ventilation shaft. The conveyances, ropes, winders and headgear (head frame) were removed and replaced with a high volume fan delivering 323m³/s of air at a pressure of 4.2Pa on surface. The up-cast velocity in the shaft was 6.5m/s, however this reduced significantly with the scaling of the shaft and the restrictions at shaft bottom. Although Harmony had converted the shaft from a downcast service shaft to an up-cast ventilation shaft some years back, the shaft steel work in the barrel of the shaft was left intact. Over the years, the steelwork in the shaft had decayed (rust and grime) and portions of this steelwork fell down the shaft. Concurrent with the decaying steel work, portions of the shaft lining had collapsed and it was getting progressively worse."

Jan 1, 2019

By J. J. Fitzpatrick

"This paper deals with the methods used by Quebec Cartier Mining Company in the evaluation and selection of new haulage equipment and in increasing the productivity of the existing fleet.Selection of new equipment is based upon the comparison, for each model under consideration, of the capital investment required and the estimated operating costs and production rate. The calculation of the production rate is based on a widely used estimating procedure. Actual operating conditions considered in the method include: payload, haul distance, road grade, rolling resistance, loading and dumping times, and operational efficiency. A digital computer is used to handle the large volume of repetitive calculations required. Where a fleet of haulage equipment includes trucks of different size and performance characteristics, the problem exists of assigning each truck type to the different working locations to minimize total cost. Linear programming can be used in the solution of this problem."

Jan 1, 1967