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By Jhon Melo

Los “softwares de aplicación” como herramientas en la exploración geológica, generan importante información geográfica sobre el área a estudiar, así como la cartografía y la toma de muestras en laboratorio. En ese sentido, el presente texto señala el manejo adecuado de dichas herramientas a través del uso de una base de datos, donde existe una estructura basada en el software (VISUAL FOXPRO, PARADOX, etc) y asi ejecutarla mediante una aplicación gráfica que permita tener una representación de lo estudiado como ocurre en un muestreo geoquímico.

May 25, 1998

By L. L. Chasko

A mine fire is one of the most challenging safety issues facing a mine operator and can occur at any location underground. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the Twentymile Coal Mine, Colorado, conducted in-mine experiments to determine the capability of high-expansion foam for addressing underground fires. The tests were conducted in sloping entries with high-capacity diesel-powered foam generators. The following results were observed: a well-designed, maintained, and properly operated high-expansion foam generator can propagate a foam plug hundreds of feet in steep upward sloping (20 pct) multiple entries against a ventilation pressure; stoppings and partitions designed to contain the foam plug in upward sloping entries must be substantially constructed; and the predicted quantity of foam concentrate can be significantly less than the actual amount used due to foam losses, such as bubble breakage on dry surfaces. This paper describes the production of high-expansion firefighting foam and discusses the in-mine experimental tests and results. DISCLAIMER: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.

Jan 1, 2009

By Jean Osorio, César Reyna

En este estudio se averiguó acerca de los montos que recibirían los gobiernos subnacionales de la región de Puno por concepto de canon minero, en particular el distrito de Corani, jurisdicción donde se encuentra el Proyecto de Litio Falchani, así como la provincia de Carabaya y el Gobierno Regional de Puno (Gore-Puno). Esto se produciría a partir del inicio de operaciones del citado proyecto, cuyo titular es la empresa Macusani Yellowcake S.A.C, subsidiaria de American Lithium PLC, con sede en Toronto, Canadá. Este proyecto aspira a convertirse en uno de los mayores depósitos de litio en roca (el sexto en el mundo), cuya extracción se realizaría a tajo abierto y su procesamiento a través de métodos tradicionales (chancado y lixiviación).

Sep 29, 2023

During the period 1979 thru 1982, Multi Mineral Corporation conducted a mining research program at the United States Department of the Interior's Bureau of Mines Oil Shale Mining Environmental Research Facility in the Central Piceance Creek Basin, Rio Blanco County, Colorado. The program consisted of mining, environmental and geotechnical research data and the results are described in this report.

Jan 1, 1983

By Jose Dermeval, Denilson Coutinho, Thiago Vitali, Daniel Pereira

Con el objetivo de recuperar la casiterita y los minerales portadores de niobatos que se pierden en los relaves de la planta de preconcentración por espirales de la minera Taboca, se probaron tecnologías de separación centrífuga de alta intensidad y magnética de alto campo. El gran desafío de la compañía es generar valor a partir de rocas con contenido muy pequeño, con media del 0,19 % para el estaño y del 0,23 % para los óxidos de niobio y tántalo. Sin embargo, ganar ese desafío es posible, a través del perfeccionamiento constante de los procesos de producción utilizados en las plantas. En este caso fue posible incrementar las recuperaciones de estaño del 68,7 % al 80,0 % y la recuperación de niobio y tantalio salió de niveles del 44,5 % al 68,0 %.

Sep 20, 2019

By Simon Strauss

El presente trabajo señala los factores que influyen en el precio de los ocho metales no ferrosos como el aluminio, cobre, estaño, molibdeno, níquel, plata, plomo y zinc en el Perú. En el caso de metales como el zinc, el precio varía a fines de la II Guerra Mundial, mientras que en el caso del aluminio, dado que existen bastantes depósitos de este, no existe escasez en la oferta. En el caso del molibdeno, debido a que los elementos de ferro-aleación tienden hasta cierto punto a ser sustituibles el uno por el otro, los precios juegan un rol importante en la determinación de la capacidad del mercado. Entre los otros elementos de ferro-aleación con los cuales debe competir el molibdeno se encuentran el tungsteno, el níquel y el vanadio. En el caso del plomo, la expansión de su demanda no se limita a su precio, sino a su desarrollo tecnológico. El níquel es un metal en cuya oferta hubo relativa escasez y en su demanda ha ocurrido un importante aumento en el consumo. El precio del estaño es hoy más de tres veces mayor a lo que fue durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, y finalmente en el caso de la plata, que es el metal más caro, su mercado industrial es el más pequeño en tonelaje; pero no en valor.

Sep 1, 1970

By D. M. Jepsen

One of the first things we tell a potential new client is that they have only one chance to make a first impression with an Aboriginal community; all future communications and engagement will be predicated on that first impression. The key components of this most critical meeting are not your power point, your maps, or your draft plan for development ? they are instead a genuine, evident and clear demonstration of a sincere desire to develop a positive relationship that is based upon respect, and consideration and understanding of local communities and their interests, needs and desires. Relationship building is the foundation of proactive and positive consultation and accommodation with Aboriginal communities and the tone is set with the first meeting. C3 has refused more clients than we have accepted due most often to the fact that relationships between the company and the Aboriginal community have already devolved into a tense and toxic scenario. Land access and tenure certainty for exploration and mine development is critical to the foundation of a healthy, sustainable and environmentally and economically sound mineral exploration and mining sector. Without certainty confidence to invest in mineral exploration will be severely eroded. We all understand that substantive investments in exploration are required to increase the possibility of discovering, defining and developing new mines. The development of positive relationships based on a shared commitment of understanding, mutual respect and trust by Aboriginal Peoples and the mineral sector can provide the required business certainty and deliver social and economic benefits for local Aboriginal communities.

Jan 1, 2012

By Mark Lawshe, Shosie Serata

The conventional method of mining underground, using narrow rooms and wide pillars, has proven to be poorly adapted to the powerful earth forces that act on underground openings. The high costs of roof bolting, timbering, steel arching, and other means of artificial roof support for both room-and--pillar operations and longwall gate roadways attest to the limitations of traditional mine design. Too often, productivity halts when corners buckle under "cutter roof' stresses, floors heave, and roof strata fall. In the 1960s, an entirely different approach to strata control was developed. The Stress Control Method (SCM) stabilizes failing roofs and heaving floors by removing the cause of failure - highly concentrated stresses around the openings. This is achieved by regrouping three to 10 rooms into a single entry where the rooms are separated by very narrow yielding but stable pillars. SCM employs a specified excavation sequence to redirect earth pressures away from the mine openings. The yield pillars act as scaffolding until a permanently protective secondary stress envelope forms around the entry (lower part of Fig. 1). The result is a dramatic improvement in roof stability and a significant reduction in artificial support costs. Some roof bolting must still be done, mainly to meet Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) requirements. Potash, salt, coal mining The stress control method was first applied to the deep potash mines of Saskatchewan. The new SCM design actually increased room widths to enlarge the stress envelope, redistributing the stress concentration away from the entries (Serata and Schultz, 1972). This resulted in a turnaround from pervasive roof fall/floor heave conditions that threatened operations in the eight new mines opened in the Saskatchewan potash field during the 1960s. In addition to eliminating all roof bolting, SCM successfully stabilized ground conditions and substantially increased productivity over the original design (Serata, 1976, 1982). Similarly, the deep Boulby potash mine of Yorkshire, England, was about to close after various conventional means of combating roof failure had failed. An SCM test area was excavated that resulted in the ground quickly stabilizing without need o artificial support (Serata, 1982; Chilton and Laird, 1982). Another example is the Diamond Crystal salt mine in Louisiana. Here, multiple level mining was being extended from the third to the fourth level downward in the Jefferson Island salt dome. Extensive roof failure was occurring at 396 m (1300 ft) ii the third level. SCM design principles in creased the room size from 24 to 49 m (80 t( 160 ft) on the fourth level at a depth of 457 m (1500 ft). This unprecedented expansion of room width was first questioned and later ap¬proved by MS HA, which expressed satisfaction in seeing the improvement documented by field validation data in 1973. The most recent SUM application to salt mining has been in the Michigan Basin a: Goderich, Ontario. The anticipated abandonment of Domtar Chemicals Group/Sifto Salt Division's deep operation in bedded sale was prevented by a multi-year SCM implementation. The success of SCM in dry mining[lecc] to its application to solution mining of salt This adaptation of the method is now being implemented in bedded salt at Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta by Dow Chemical Co., and in St. Clair, MI by International Salt Co. Application of SCM to solution mining in a salt dome is proceeding at Napoleonville. LA by Dow Chemical. The same technology has also been applied to cavern design for the Louisiana Offshore Oil Port (LOOP), and the compressed air energy storage (CAES)

Jan 1, 1989

By David L. Shearer

INTRODUCTON James Howden first secured an order for two Service Tunnel Boring machines in November 1986. These Tunnel Boring machines were 5.7 and 5.4 metres in diameter and the full length including back up was 215 metres. Manufacture commenced in December 1986 at the Glasgow factories of James Howden & Company with the deliveries to site of the machines in September 1987 and March 1988 respectively. In December 1987 two further orders were secured for the land running tunnels at 8.7 metres diameter. This paper presents some of the challenges in building tunnel boring machines for the Eurotunnel project between Britain and France. The general specifications of the Tunnel Boring machines and length of drives are shown in Appendix 1. DESIGN PARAMETERS The specification given by the Consortium TML on behalf of their client Eurotunnel cleary indicated that cutting of the face should be concurrent with the building of the precast concrete lining rings. In order to do this a telescopic machine was thought to be the best solution. Ground conditions were described as chalk marls of homogeneous nature with the possibility of friable areas and some revelling. A shielded type TBM with open cutter head was chosen together with a telescopic section and a rear

Jan 1, 1989

By Margot Panta, Diego Guevara, Miriam Torres, Irayda Salinas

Los bofedales son humedales altoandinos considerados ecosistemas frágiles por la Ley General del Ambiente de Perú - Ley N° 28611. Este trabajo evalúa la fragmentación y conectividad de 20 bofedales ubicados en el distrito de Huachocolpa, departamento de Huancavelica; los mismos que abarcan un área total de 111.9 ha, con un área promedio de 5.595 ha por parche, con el fin de contribuir al mejoramiento de planes de manejo de la biodiversidad (fauna y flora) altoandina y facilitar la recuperación de dichos ecosistemas.

Sep 20, 2019

By G. van den Berg

Anglo Platinum has initiated a project to investigate hydraulic hoisting technology for platinum mines. Hydraulic hoisting systems are categorized as pumping, fluidizing feeder or displacement feeder systems. Positive displacement piston diaphragm pumps are most suitable for pumping systems but they require that the ore be milled prior to pumping. Fluidizing feeders are unsuitable for platinum ore applications due to the large percentage of fines in the ore. The three-chamber pipe displacement feeder has been most widely used for hydraulic hoisting and is the most suitable technology for platinum mines. Eight hydraulic hoisting applications covering pumping and displacement feeder technologies are reviewed. The key factors to be assessed in selecting a hydraulic hoisting system for a platinum mine are discussed. A typical platinum mine configuration will comprise an ore preparation plant (to produce -15 mm material through screening or crushing), motive water pump on surface, high pressure water pipeline from surface to underground, ore slurrification plant, three-chamber displacement feeder, and a high pressure slurry pipeline to surface. The water and slurry pipelines are housed in a purpose drilled borehole. A hydraulic hoisting system selection chart is presented. A 150 mm diameter system with a 25 MPa pressure rating is required to hoist 60 000 t/m from a depth of 1 200 m. Generic capital and operating costs are presented . A major potential advantage of hydraulic hoisting is that the fines, which contain a high percentage of PGMs, are captured underground and transported directly to the concentrator. Hydraulic hoisting technology is ideally suited to providing supplementary hoisting capacity to existing shafts that have reached the skip hoisting capacity limit. The main advantage for new shafts is the potential to significantly simplify underground rock handling and transportation. All hydraulic hoisting system components are proven. The only risk area is the wear rates of the valves and piping. Current estimates are based on gold ore. The business cases investigated show that the financial viability of the installations are not sensitive to wear rate. Hydraulic hoisting is technically feasible and financially attractive for platinum mines. Keywords: Hydraulic hoisting, slurry

Jan 1, 2004

Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Inertia Cone Crusher and Its Application

Sep 13, 2010

By L. E. Beverage, K. L. Johnston

This paper will address methods for minimizing liability and protecting materials from disclosure as result of self- evaluative audits and internal investigations. Specifically, the paper will cover the role of counsel in the investigative process and how best to design and conduct internal investigations to minimize the development of problematic material and disclosure of information. The paper will also address the extent of privileges that may be relied upon to protect materials and information from disclosure. These include the attorney-client privilege, the self-critical analysis privilege, and the attorney work product privilege. These privileges are qualified and understanding the limits of their coverage is essential to minimizing liability.

Jan 1, 2001

By Stefany Castro, Miguel Pineda, Jonathan Calle, Sebastián Osorio

Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde cuenta con un nivel de monitoreo completamente automatizado, el resultado final se presenta en una plataforma digital dinámica de visualización de resultados de calidad y niveles de agua subterránea (Dashboard) en tiempo real, permitiendo así un seguimiento constante y la identificación de algunas variaciones en los parámetros más relevantes, pudiendo ejecutarse respuestas inmediatas ante cualquier alerta o cambio de las condiciones del agua subterránea o parámetro hidroquímico. El nivel de instrumentación automatizada de Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde se basa en las combinaciones de captura y almacenamiento de datos y las combinaciones de cobertura de señal según disponibilidad en diferentes sectores de la mina.

Sep 30, 2022

By Bradford F. Townsend, Matthew E. Fowler, Michael F. Smithson, Lawrence R. Eckert

All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Information contained in this work has been obtained by SME, Inc. from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither SME nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and neither SME nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This work is published with the understanding that SME and its authors are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Any statement or views presented here are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of SME. The mention of trade names for commercial products does not imply the approval or endorsement of SME.

Dec 1, 2010

By Jan Boon

"El presente texto describe el nuevo enfoque empleado en la Responsabilidad Empresarial (RSE) en la minería puesto que retoma el control de la agenda paralelo al crecimiento de poderosos ""descertificadores"" de la sociedad civil y la presión de los gobiernos y organizaciones internacionales como el OECD, las Naciones Unidas, entre otras. Además de las firmas que se especializan en RSE, muchas empresas de desarrollo organizacional y legal, así como empresas de consultoría en temas de gestión, estánincorporando un componente de RSE a los servicios que ofrecen y cada vez más y más compañías publican comunicados de RSE, protocolos de RSE. "

Jul 1, 2012

By Luisa Perez, Carlos Perea

El método de explotación por subniveles es uno de los más utilizados en operaciones mineras de mediana y gran escala, como es el caso de la minería de zinc en Perú. Para seguir la secuencia de explotación, este método requiere el relleno de los caserones vacíos, como por ejemplo el relleno en pasta, el cual se produce mediante la mezcla del relave producto de la planta concentradora de mineral con un 3.5 % de cemento, con el fin de que dicho relleno actúe como pilares de gran dimensión que aporten el sostenimiento necesario a la mina (0,8 MPa). Sin embargo, esto genera una dilución con el mineral a explotar al momento de avanzar en los tajos aledaños. Por ese motivo, y por la necesidad de lograr la automatización de la operación minera, se decide evaluar el relleno detrítico cementado, evaluación que se realiza mediante el análisis de resistencia, estudios de factibilidad, rendimiento en costos, aumento de productividad y seguridad en la operación. El resultado son valores máximos de resistencia de los pilares de 1,6 MPa, que evitan la dilución y mejoran el porcentaje de recuperación de mineral.

Sep 20, 2019

By F. Dahl, P. Raleigh, J. Holzhauser, B. Nilsen

Tunnel excavation using tunnel boring machines (TBMs), has become increasingly common in recent years, despite the fact that precise evaluation of certain risks have not kept pace with the use of these machines. One of the risks easily overlooked by Engineer and Contractor alike are the effects of abrasive ground on the costs and schedule of a given project. The impacts of worn and damaged TBM cutter heads have been observed on hundreds of tunnel projects around the world. It would appear that a reliable prognosis of the abrasiveness of soils on a project would be of great importance for designers, clients and contractors alike. Several well acknowledged test and prognosis methods already exist for rock, however there is only very limited knowledge available to describe the abrasiveness of soil and its impact on soft ground TBMs. This paper will examine approaches to this problem and suggest a new approach based on a current project undergoing design.

Jan 1, 2007

By Hugo Medina

Ante el grado de inflación económica en el país, se genera un incremento de precios en contratos mineros y cálculos de reintegros, donde es necesario el reajuste de precios mediante la aplicación del método usual consistente en la determinación del precio unitario reajustado como resultado del análisis del incremento en el precio de cada uno de sus elementos constitutivos. En ese sentido, el presente texto señala la teoría y el análisis comparativo entre el método actualmente utilizado y el de la fórmula de reajuste de precios para así demostrar la conveniencia del método adecuado de reajuste en los contratos mineros.

Nov 1, 1980

Ground control problems in the form of large dome or wedge collapses have been experienced at Tau Lekoa Mine since production began. Crush pillars in various configurations have been used and through a process of trial and error the current pillar layout has been derived. A strike pillar layout is used and additional mid-panel pillars are left spaced a maximum of 10m or 16m apart, depending on conditions and mining direction. Pillar spacing is based on an empirical relationship between fallout height and pillar spans. Analysis of the spatial distribution of large falls of ground indicates that there may be several geotechnical relationships contributing to stable pillar spans. The current focus is to define the relationship between geotechnical areas and hangingwall stability so that area specific support strategies can be formulated that could result in increased production efficiencies. Depuis le début de la production, la mine Tau Lekoa a connu des problèmes de contrôle au sol, sous la forme d’effondrements de grands dômes ou coins. Des piliers d’écrasement, dans des configurations variées, ont été utilisés et une série d’essais a résulté en la disposition de piliers en cours. Une configuration de piliers de direction est utilisée, et des piliers mi-panneau supplémentaires sont laissés, espacés d’un maximum de 10m ou 16m, selon les conditions et la direction de la mine. L’espacement des piliers est établi sur une relation empirique entre la hauteur des retombées et les intervalles entre piliers. L’analyse de la distribution spatiale de grandes tombées de terrain indique qu’il peut y avoir plusieurs relations géotechniques qui contribuent à des intervalles de piliers stables. L’intérêt présent est de définir la relation entre les zones géotechniques et la stabilité du toit, pour pouvoir formuler des stratégies de support spécifiques à un endroit, ce qui entraînerait des accroissements de production. Bodenkontrollprobleme traten seit Produktionsbeginn in Form von grossen Keil oder Dachhaubenbrüchen in der Tau Lekoa Mine auf. Bruchpfeiler in verschiedensten Konfigurationen wurden verwendet und auf Grund empirischer Fakten wurde das gegenwärtige Pfeilerlayout abgeleitet. Ein Layout für Strukturpfeiler wird verwendet und zusätzliche mittig situierte Pfeiler in einem Maximalabstand von 10m bis 16m installiert, abhängig von den Konditionen und der Vortriebsrichtung.Der Pfeilerabstand basiert auf dem empirischen Verhältnis Fallhöhe und Pfeilerspannweite. Die Analyse der räumlichen Verteilung großer Bodenabsenkungen deutet an, daß es einige geotechnische Verhältnisse geben kann, die zu stabilen Pfostenspannweiten beitragen. Der gegenwärtige Fokus soll das Verhältnis zwischen geotechnischen Bereichen und Stollendeckenstabilität definieren, damit bereichspezifische Unterstützungsstrategien formuliert werden können, welche in erhöhter Produktionsleistung resultieren könnten.

Jan 1, 2003