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By H. Clare Horwood

"Fractures and fracture zones containing veins and stringers of auriferous quartz in a quartz porphyry dyke are the principal structural features at the Howey and Hasaga gold mines. The 'break' containing the dyke was produced by a force from the northwest, the fractures in the dyke by compressive stress from the west.Both mines are in the north-central part of Heyson township, in the Red Lake area. They lie close to the southeastern side of the Dome granite stock. The Howey mine exhausted its ore reserves and ceased operations in November 1941. The Hasaga mine is producing at the present time (June, 1946).Mineralization was first discovered in the dyke in 1925 by the Howey brothers. Lorne Howey's discovery, which became the Howey mine, came into production in April, 1930; Ray Howey's find, which is now the Hasaga mine, started production in November, 1938.The total production from the Howey mine was 421,324 oz. gold and 144,253 oz. silver from 5,158,376 tons of ore hoisted ( 4,319,331 tons milled) during its 11 years of operation.The total production from the Hasaga mine from November, 1938, to December 31, 1945, was 124,434 oz. gold and 51,009 oz. silver from a total of 901,098 tons hoisted (721,361 tons milled).GENERAL GEOLOGYThe porphyry dyke containing the orebodies at the Howey and Hasaga mines lies a short distance southeast of the contact of a granite-granodiorite mass known as the Dome stock. The dyke fills a fracture trending N.65°E. in a tongue of Keewatin volcanic breccia that extends in a rather irregular manner into an elongate intrusive stock of dioritic rock known as the Howey diorite. The accompanying table presents the geological succession."

Jan 1, 1954

By R. Glenn Madill

Western Canada is defined, for the purposes of this paper, as that part of the Dominion bounded approximately by the 95th and 141st meridians of longitude and the 49th and 80th parallels of latitude. It is comprised of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia, Yukon, and that portion of the Northwest Territories lying to the west of the 95th. meridian. The first magnetic observations made in Western Canada were in the interests of navigation by sea. Observations were made by Captain Middleton in Hudson bay at Churchill and York Factory in 1725, and along the Pacific coast by Captain Cook in 1778 and Captain Vancouver in 1792. The first systematic magnetic survey in Western Canada was made between 1819 and 1826 by Sir John Franklin in his widely distributed explorations. It is of interest to find that while the first magnetic declination observations made in Hudson bay and along the Pacific coast were purely in the interests of navigation, the next investigations, which were made in the Western Arctic, included measurements of inclination and force with those of declination. There was a valid reason for this more complete research into the magnetic field as the construction of declination charts depended on the position of the north magnetic pole. Halley promulgated a theory 1683 that " the globe of the Earth may be regarded as one great magnet, having four magnetic poles, two of them near each pole of the equator, and that in those parts of the world which lie near any of those magnetic poles the needle is chiefly governed thereby, the nearest pole being always predominate over the more remote" . The position of a magnetic pole may be defined as a point where the inclination is 90 degrees and the horizontal force zero. It is obvious that the position cannot be' defined by declination observations alone since, for some distance from the magnetic pole, .the horizontal force is too weak to give directive force sufficient to effect the pointing of a compass.

Jan 1, 1948

By E. Laatio, W. McKay

"History of Tara Mines Ltd.Tara Exploration and Development Company Ltd. was formed in Canada by Irishmen in 1953. The discovery of an orebody approximately six miles from the historically famous Hill of Tara in County Meath was a wild dream . Nevertheless this dream became a reality. Tara Mines Ltd. was formed, and the mine developed some 35 miles northwest of the City of Dublin in the Irish Republic.Tara's original drilling program indicated a zinc-lead orebody of approximately 60 million tonnes grading at 10.1% Zn and 2.6% Pb. The terms of the mining lease stipulated that the Irish government would acquire 25% equity interest in the operation. The mine was thus owned 75% by Tara Exploration and Development Company Ltd. of which the principal shareholders were Noranda and Northgate, together with 25% being held by the Irish government. The mine was purchased in March 1986 by Outokumpu Oy, a Finnish mining and metallurgical company, and together with the 25% government stake are the current owners. Outokumpu Analysis on Tara Mines Ltd.Upon ownership Outokumpu carried out a comprehensive analysis on the operation and came to the following conclusions :1. Tara had a good orebody;2. Tara had a skilled, capable, stable workforce;3. Tara's concentrator and processing equipment was adequate to meet requirements;4. Tara's mobile equipment fleet was too old and too numerousin numbers; and5. Tara had too many employees, both staff and hourly paid .With ore reserves of approximately 50 million tonnes and at a planned extraction rate of 2.6 million tonnes it meant that the mine had a lifespan of approximately 20 years. To be a viable operation into the future, the mine had to become more efficient. Operating costs and manpower levels had to be dramatically reduced."

Jan 1, 1989

By S. Sagar

In September 1996, Dofasco commissioned a 165 Mt twin shell EAF furnace and an associated ladle fleet. During and after this startup, refractory performance in the ladles was optimized on a holistic approach through several initiatives that increased ladle refractory retention times from 7000 to over 16000 mins (160 heats). This dropped the overall refractory costs by 40% while ensuring a consistent and predictable ladle performance. One initiative that drove enhancements was the proper brick selection for each particular refractory area and it's process conditions. The work concentrated on the selection of a resin bonded alumina magnesia carbon (AMC) brick in the barrel area of the ladle, upgrades to the 2 piece monolithic alumina cast ladle bottom and increasing the slagline refractory brick quality with the appropriate zoning/paneling. The adoption of a magnesia alumina carbon (MAC) brick in the transition area of the barrel/slagline has also improved performance and predictability. The design developments have lowered the overall wear rates and balanced the service life of the entire ladle. Safety was improved and breakout potential reduced by changing the safety lining from a high alumina brick to a state of art technology - monolithic shotcrete lining. This initiative decreased the overall manpower required to brick a ladle and increased shop ladle availability. The ladle bricking area environment was also improved by adopting a post combustion device to burn phenol fumes from ladle preheating practices. This has improved the overall health & safety of the reline teams. The consistent and predictable performance of the ladle on a whole has allowed the shop to decrease the number of working ladles in operation from 5 to 4. This further decreased wear rates from over-oxidation and excessive thermal cycling, saving approximately $500,000 in natural gas from pre-heater operations.

Jan 1, 2004

By P. Mottahed, E. De Souza

One of the major unsolved problems of safe, economical roof support in the evaporite industry has been that of obtaining and maintaining anchorages in relatively soft rock. This is due to the viscoelastic and viscoplastic behaviour of salt rock and associated deposits. This paper introduces a low-cost, yieldable support mechanism, consisting of a system of buckling disks, which provides viable solutions to dynamic support. The yieldable support system offers a number of advantages in comparison with existing dynamic support systems. It is characterized by its simplicity in design and installation, repeatability in behaviour and cost effectiveness. It also has the added advantage of providing the operator with a means of assessing support behaviour and ground performance by direct visual observation of changes in disk shape. Thus, the system can be utilized as a warning mechanism of ground stress and support load conditions. Such system not only provides a feasible and more effective rock mass stabilization strategy but improves mine safety.

Jan 1, 1999

By C. Tong, B. Hilscher

"Sensor based ore sorting is being rapidly adopted by the mining industry. The ability to boost mill feed grade by rejecting waste grade rocks early in the process has proven revolutionary for some operations.This paper briefly reviews the current position of ore sorting in the industry, as well as abridged results from specific operations such as Barrick, McEwen, New Gold, and two others. The paper also introduces the concept of “Profit Recovery™”, the measuring of recovery based on rock profitability rather than just metal content.IntroductionSensor based ore sorting is being rapidly adopted by the mining industry. The ability to increase mill feed grade by rejecting waste grade rocks early in the processing stage is proving to be revolutionary for some operations. These potential outcomes have been too invaluable to be overlooked by both producing operations and prospective projects, thus leading to a wide range of studies on ore sorting. In addition, the advent of ore sorting has also called for a new standard of recovery analysis. The answer to this is the creation of a new term and concept - Profit Recovery™.This paper evaluates the most recent results of ore sorting in the mining industry, and presents the results from five different mining operations. Additionally, this paper will discuss and evaluate the Profit Recovery™ of each of these operations. The goal of this paper is to address common concerns regarding ore sorting rejects and their actual impact on project economics.State Of The ArtOre Sorting is a sensor-based sorting and pre-concentration technology implemented before the processing stage that is used to reduce the amount of waste reporting to the mill feed. This technology can also be utilized to recover ore from previously uneconomic waste, as well as reduce the mill energy and reagent consumption (Tong, 2012). In greenfield projects, sensor-based sorting can further provide value by reducing processing capital costs. The decline of available high grade orebodies and decreasing head grades has further increased the attractiveness of pre-concentration, and subsequently ore sorting (Lessard et al., 2014).There are currently two notable types of sensor-based sorting: bulk and rock-by-rock. Bulk sorting consists of live, high tonnage sorting that can be installed on a scoop or on a conveyor belt with a diverter. Rock-by-rock is a selective sorting method that scans and sorts individual rocks on a conveyor belt, and rejects rocks using air jets or mechanical levers. Figure 1 shows a diagram for a typical air jet sorter."

Jan 1, 2018

By D. Cruden

DISCODAT is a system of computer programs written for CANMET, Canadian Department of Energy, Mines and resources, to be used in analyzing geological data for rock slope design. The programs were written in Fortran IV for an IBM 360/67 computer. A program conditions field data from field forms for storage in a line file. Data may be selectively retrieved from the line file by a general retrieval program which uses a variety of relational operators. The retrieved data may be displayed as structural diagrams or histograms produced on a line printer or in a number of maps produced on a drum plotter. There is a logical sequence which leads to the characterization of those elements of the subfabrics of a rock mass which may be kinematically active. Structural domains within the rock mass can also be outlined by a procedure described as areal analysis. Costs for a complete analysis are usually substantially less than $l/discontinuity.

Jan 1, 1978

By R. M. Berry

A brief outline of refining methods used to (1) upgrade yellowcake to nuclear purity and (2) convert the uranium to the chemical and physical forms required by the fuel fabricators is presented. The uranium hexafluoride (UF6) production facility now under construction at Eldorado, Port Hope, is discussed. Technological improvements in uranium refining are considered.

Jan 1, 1969

By G. S. Hume

Dr. K. A. Clark: No one will doubt the statement of fact that, during drilling operations through the bituminous sand beds in the Mildred-Ruth Lakes area, the core-barrel was found to contain bitumen with minor amounts of sand instead of bituminous sand. But many will doubt the interpretation of this fact as meaning that beds of bitumen occur interstratified with the bituminous sand beds. They will prefer to hold faith in the laws of physics, which deny that sand will float on oil or that fluid under pressure will not flow away through a permeable medium, until it is proved that the appearance of the oil in the core-barrel was not due to circumstances surrounding the drilling of the bituminous sand beds. The implication of the interpretation that sand is floating on oil is clear and it is unacceptable. Bituminous sand is unconsolidated sand more' or less saturated with a viscous oil. It is as difficult to conceive of bituminous sand lying on top of a body of the viscous oil as it is to conceive of unconsolidated sand more or less saturated with water lying on top of a body of water. The only difference between the two concepts is that the oil is viscous whereas the water is fluid. Oil-soaked sand placed on viscous oil would, when released, sink through the oil slowly, whereas water-soaked sand would sink through the water quickly.

Jan 1, 1947

By David A. Fawcett

"This paper presents a summary compilation of current Canadian coal research projects in the areas of exploration, mining and preparation. The compilation forms the basis for a review of present operations and technology, and of current research efforts. General research areas, requirements and priorities are suggested along with a discussion on achieving the research goals in terms of funds, facilities and staff. The current level of research funding in these areas is assessed. IntroductionCanada's coal production is expected to undergo major expansion over the next two decades in response to domestic demands on coal for electrical power generation, industrial uses and conversion to synthetic .fuels, and in response to export demands for both thermal and metallurgical coal s. Surface mining will continue to dominate, but underground mining will contribute an increasing proportion to total production.In Canada, coal research, particularly in the areas of exploration, mining and preparation (E, M & P), has been limited. Increased impetus has recently been given to this research with expansion of CANMET's activities and with the establishment of the Coal Mining Research Centre (CMRC). University researchers are branching into coal research; strata mechanics and preparation are popular in mining-related fields.With the increase in number of organizations and individuals involved in coal research, a means of keeping abreast of the ongoing work is necessary. An annual summary of the status of and developments in current research assists in providing this information. The CMRC prepared such a summary for Canadian coal E, M & P research in 1979 and it received favourable response, justifying the effort. A 1980compilation has been prepared and pro vides the basis for this paper; it is presented with a brief discussion on background, format and content.The compilation forms a basis for an examination of the current status of Canadian technology in E, M & P and of the ongoing research in each area. General research requirements are reviewed and programs and tasks are suggested, followed by a discussion of research goals in term s of priorities and achievement. An assessment is made of the level of research funding in Canada, with comparisons drawn from the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia."

Jan 1, 1980

By Xian Jian Guo, Lei Li, Hua Wang

The distribution and behavior of As, Pb and Zn elements in the copper smelting process were investigated using thermodynamics. The differences between thermodynamics evaluation and practical smelting processes were analyzed. The main factors affecting the distribution of the elements are oxygen enrichment in blowing, copper matte grade and smelting temperature. In general, the distribution ratio of As, Pb and Zn to off gas increases with the smelting temperature and decreases with oxygen enrichment in blowing. Meanwhile, their distributions in matte decreases and that in slag increases with the increase of copper matte grade. There is some gap in distributions between thermodynamics evaluation and practical smelting processes. INTRODUCTION The copper concentrates usually contain a number of minor elements, the control of which in copper smelting processes is often a key to the quality of the anode copper produced and may also have a bearing on the overall economics of the process (Yang et al., 2017). Knowledge of the thermodynamic properties of the minor elements in slag is very important in the control of the slagging reactions (Takeda Y, Ishiwata & Yazawa, 2007). In addition, the environmental contamination caused by the minor elements associated with copper-bearing ores, such as As, Pb and Zn, has become more and more important (Wang, 2004). Arsenic, lead and antimony, which are all carcinogenic metalloid elements, are usually contained in iron-rich wastes, and theirs emissions are considered to be one of the foremost environmental concerns (Wang, 2004). It is important to elucidate the elements distribution of them in the reducing-matte smelting process. The distributions of As, Pb and Zn elements in the copper smelting process are dependent on many factors, including the temperature, raw material composition, reduction atmosphere, concentration level, and slag chemistry etc. (Chen L Z, Xu X, 2016). Generally, these minor elements mainly distribute in phases of gas, copper matte and slag in the smelting process (Shu, Wang, & Qu, 2016). The arsenic exists mainly in the form of sulfo-arsenides in the copper concentrate, and it will decompose and be oxidized in the smelting process (Chen & Lu, 2016). Part of the products, including AsS, AsO, As2 and As2O3, evaporates into the gaseous state, and some other part enters into slag phase in the form of As2O3 and As2O5 (Wang, Guo, & Tian, 2017). Meanwhile, the As2O3 in the slag phase can also be reduced to metallic As and combine with Cu, S, Fe forming Cu3As2, As2S3 and Fe3As2, and then enter into copper matte. During the copper smelting process, about 50% of zinc enters into slag phase in the form of ZnO and 45% exists in the copper matte in the form of ZnS. Little volatizes into the gas phase. Most lead exists in forms of PbS and PbO in the copper concentrate, and it is mainly distributed in copper matte in the smelting process (Zheng & Lin, 2015).

Jan 1, 2019

By M. Greyling, C. Panaou, M. Bellino

Commonly the most frequent method of calculating the overall mass balance of a multi mineral platinum-group metal (PGM) concentrator circuit in Southern Africa has been through the use of spreadsheets, typically Microsoft EXCEL®. While there are some advantages in using spreadsheet based mass balances during the conceptual design phase of the project, their use becomes limited in the detailed design phase of the project. This paper discusses the successful application of METSIM® for mass balancing of a PGM concentrator and highlights the benefits gained during the conceptual and design phase of the project.

Jan 1, 2005

By E A. Mitchell

In the fall of 1961, Cominco dis-carded its long-established system of feeding the lead blast furnaces by narrow-gauge tram and V-cars, and installed an elevated monorail bucket system. This system automatically loads buckets of sinter, along with the correct proportion of coke, and delivers them to any of several designated furnaces. Direct labour usage has been reduced by nine men per day; improved coke proportioning has been achieved; and a major safety hazard has been eliminated. Introduction I N THE fall months of l 961. the system of feeding the lead blast furnaces at the Trail, B.C., smelter of The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada Limited was altered from the tradition-al narrow-gauge railway and V-car method to one employing mono-rail carriers. The change was in keeping with a recent trend at Trail to replace narrow-gauge tramming with alternative methods of materials handling. In the case of the blast furnace feeding, the

Jan 1, 1963

By G. Azimi, C. A. Ang, F. Zhang

"Nickel recovery from laterite ores generates large amounts of solid and liquid wastes. This is primarily due to the low concentration of Ni (about 1.4 wt%) in the feed ore to the High-Pressure-Acid-Leaching (HPAL) process. It is known that the HPAL residue contains a high concentration of hematite, a commercially important source of iron in the steelmaking industry. However, the balance is natroalunite, containing sulfur, which is a detrimental element in the steelmaking process. Hence, to make the HPAL residue a suitable feed for steelmaking, natroalunite must be removed. The current work is focused on: 1) a thorough characterization of the HPAL residue obtained from Vale, and 2) a systematic investigation of an alkaline leach process to remove natroalunite. The characterization results indicated that there are about 83 and 12 wt% hematite and natroalunite in the HPAL residue, respectively. The leaching results indicate that sodium hydroxide is the best leaching agent, which results in 55 wt% reduction in the sulfur content. The results of this work enable the conversion of an otherwise waste product into a useful feedstock for steelmaking. Furthermore, this project could potentially have significant environmental benefits by reducing the amount of residue produced during the HPAL process.INTRODUCTION Conventionally, crude steel has been obtained by reducing iron ore containing oxides such as hematite (Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), and wüstite (FeO) in a blast furnace with coke. The product is then refined in a basic oxygen furnace to produce steel with useful properties (McGannon, 1969; Turkdogan, 1978). Steel has been sought for its desirable properties and its application is widespread throughout modern civilizations. Surpassing the growth rate of other materials, the annual demand of steel has increased at a compound growth rate of 5% over the last 20 years (Baddoo, 2008). The global demand for steel was reported to be 1501 Mt in 2016 and demand is expected to double by 2050 (Cullen, Allwood, & Bambach, 2012; World Steel Association, 2016). In recent years, to meet the rapid growth of demand, secondary resources for iron have been identified as strategic sources of iron (Das, Kumar, & Ramachandrarao, 2000; Li, Sun, Bai, & Li, 2010; Matschullat et al., 2000). The residue produced from high-pressure acid leaching (HPAL) of laterite ore has been identified as one of the important secondary sources of iron (McDonald & Whittington, 2008). Laterite ore represents 60% of the world’s nickel resources and accounts for approximately 40-50% of the world annual nickel production (U.S. Geological Survey, 2016). Therefore, the amount of iron residue produced by the process is substantial and its utilization will produce both economic and environmental benefits."

Jan 1, 2017

By D. Campbell

Mining activity is increasing in northern boreal and subarctic regions of Canada. This is the case in the far north of Ontario, especially in and near the Hudson Bay Lowland (HBL). De Beers Canada opened the Victor diamond mine in the centre of the HBL in 2008, and advanced exploration and impact assessments are occurring to the west in the ?Ring of Fire? for ferrochrome, nickel/copper, iron/ vanadium and platinum-group elements, making it one of the richest mineral finds in Canada in recent years. However, the HBL is also a near-pristine, sensitive environment. Its peatlands forms the third largest wetland in the world and are globally important stores of terrestrial carbon. Human populations in the region are sparse, consisting almost entirely of First Nations communities. Local First Nations also have a strong land ethic and greatly influence mining developments. Through formal agreements, they have insisted on a gold standard for environmental management, including a small mine footprint and the return to representative native ecosystems after mine closure. However, knowledge on the revegetation of subarctic and northern boreal ecosystems is limited. Here, we are conducting research at the Victor mine to develop gold standard protocols for the revegetation of disturbed peatlands and mine waste uplands and present a summary of results. We first tested existing protocols for peatland restoration from southeastern Canada. We collected peat-forming plants from nearby muskeg, spread them sparsely over disturbed peatlands and applied a light phosphate fertilizer, but unlike southern protocols, no mulch appeared to be required to produce a representative cover of peat-forming plants within three years. A bigger challenge is the reclamation of uplands made of mine waste back to representative ecosystems. We first characterized reference conditions for uplands in the HBL, which are scarce in the region. Nearby natural uplands were divided into two classes, interior uplands and uplands along river valleys. Multiple parameters were examined at these sites including soil development, bulk density, soil chemistry in the rooting horizons, plant cover by stratum, plant species composition and dead wood. The mean condition and, more importantly, the range of these parameters allow us to set broad targets for progressive reclamation, which will facilitate success. Finally, we characterized local upland plant species through their functional traits to determine their likely abilities to colonize, grow and contribute to ecosystem processes. A classification of species by these simple functional attributes will help restoration managers to select candidate species to meet different goals at different successional stages (i.e. good versus poor dispersers or establishers). Research into these protocols remain in the early stages, but show promise that gold standards can be achieved to ensure that mining wastes can be reclaimed to productive ecosystems.

Aug 1, 2013

By Kristine Haug

Although most in situ operations in Alberta do not encounter significant problems during resource extraction, there have been a few documented occurrences of oil or steam releases as a result of compromised caprock seals. The objective of the Oil Sands Caprock Integrity Project (OSCRIP) is to characterize the units above and below bitumen zones to determine which geological factors affect the quality of the caprock seal. In addition, geomechanical properties and stress measurements of the bitumen reservoir and overlying units will be examined to provide a better picture of the containment conditions in which in situ operations occur. The information from this study will aid regulatory staff and industry in determining the zone-specific geological and geomechanical factors that could affect the design, operation, and feasibility of in situ recovery projects. The OSCRIP study area (Townships 87 to 99 and Ranges 1 to 13, West 4th Meridian) encompasses the surface mineable area, the northeast extent of the Wabiskaw-McMurray bitumen deposit and the Clearwater Formation, as well as a wide band of the Devonian salt-dissolution zone. Regional geological mapping of the Cretaceous strata focuses on the spatial extent and thickness of the caprock seal. Mapping of the underlying Devonian strata is targeted at better understanding the potential effects of salt dissolution and collapse of overlying strata on the integrity of the caprock seal. Examination of LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) bare earth DEM in the study area has revealed localized depressions that may represent sinkholes rooted in subsurface collapse features in Devonian carbonate and evaporite strata. Mapping the location and understanding the timing of salt dissolution-related features and deformation in the Devonian strata will help address questions about the possible effect that geological structures, such as sinkholes, have on the integrity of the caprock, as well as the potential for localized variations in the stress regime of the bitumen zone and overlying units. The stress regime in units above 350 m is such that any induced fractures are believed to be horizontal, and therefore, there would appear to be no mechanisms that would allow these fractures to reach the surface. However, recent incidents have shown that vertical pathways can occur, linking the subsurface to the surface. The final phase of the project will evaluate the changes that may occur in the stress regime under thermal operating conditions in the study area.

Jun 1, 2012

By N. D. Wineinger, J. Jodouin

"An Independent Electricity System Operator Industrial Accelerator Program (IESO IAP) case study was completed for a mine in Ontario, Canada by SRK Consulting, Inc. The purpose of the study was to analyze the ventilation system to determine whether and which system improvements could reduce the overall electrical power demand of the mine. Financial incentives are offered by the IESO IAP grant program to help cover the capital costs of these improvements. This study included the completion of a full mine ventilation survey as well as measurement of a full suite of electrical parameters of the surface and underground ventilation fans. After these measurements, a base ventilation model was created and established as the system baseline. Changes to the ventilation system were modeled, and their effects on the power demand were projected. The results of the study showed that several improvements were possible which may significantly improve the efficiency of the ventilation system and reduce mine electricity demand.INTRODUCTIONIn 2017, a ventilation study was conducted in accordance with the Independent Electricity System Operator Industrial Accelerator Program (IESO IAP) at a mine in Ontario, Canada. The IESO IAP is designed to assist eligible transmission-connected Canadian companies operating in Ontario to fast track capital investment in major energy conservation projects. The program will provide financial incentives to encourage investment in innovative process changes and equipment retrofits to reduce electricity consumption on the provincial system and to help companies become more competitive by positively impacting their bottom line. There are now four initiatives under the Industrial Accelerator Program:1. Retrofit2. Process & Systems, including Small Capital Projects3. High Performance New Construction4. Energy Managers – a new initiative under the Industrial Accelerator ProgramWithin the program, companies may propose energy saving changes to their current systems where applicable and appropriate. Companies may then be awarded funding to implement the proposed changes. The program allows partial financial compensation to implement certain energy saving changes that would otherwise not be considered due to high capital costs. For larger projects, such as underground mine ventilation systems, a detailed engineering study must be submitted. This study must detail each energy saving change or measure, its savings, and calculate the financial incentives using the IESO IAP Payment Structure. The payment structure for a project is an amount equal to the lowest of the following (Independent Electricity System Operator, 2015):"

Jan 1, 2019

"An innovative concept is proposed whereby the operating power for haul trucks in certain areas of an underground mine are reduced in order to lower ventilation costs. Airflow that must be provided for diesel-powered equipment in most jurisdictions are regulated based on engine peak power capability and engine emissions, both of which can be lowered by artificially reducing the capacity of the engine through the engine control unit. Advances in asset tracking and ventilation on demand enable this methodology and this study demonstrates that it could represent significant value for mine operators. An examination of haul truck duty cycle indicates that de-rating of engine operating power based on the truck’s location in the mine can enable a step change in ventilation rates, often with no material impact on working conditions. Methods for implementation and estimate of cost savings will be defined.INTRODUCTION Ventilation of underground workings remains a significant operating cost burden for modern mine operators. In particular, ventilation rates for underground diesel mining equipment are often defined by local regulatory bodies and are assumed to present minimal opportunity for optimization or savings, at least until battery propulsion systems can be adopted. Commonly, the quantity of air flow required is defined by the peak rated engine output power of diesel equipment. For example, Ontario Regulation 854 SS 183.1 (3) states that “The flow of air must be at least 0.06 cubic metres per second for each kilowatt of power of the diesel-powered equipment operating in the workplace”. Jurisdictions that define air flow using the prescribed CANMET or MSHA ratings use peak engine emissions to calculate air flow required for dilution ventilation. These approaches are similar in that the maximum power capability of a vehicle’s engine is used to define the ventilation rate in all areas where it travels, regardless of what power output is actually used in any of those areas. Examination of the duty cycle of a typical underground haul truck identifies a large variance in the power output of the vehicle depending on its location in the mine and the activities undertaken at these locations. For example, travel on a mining sub-level requires a fraction of the truck’s peak power due to the minimal grade and significantly reduced travel speed. So if we can reliably reduce the peak engine power capacity and engine emissions in areas where peak power is not required, we can logically cut the ventilation rates for those areas."

Jan 1, 2017

By E. S. Moore

GOLD was discovered previous to the year 1900 on the east shore of Emerald lake, Afton township, Timagami Forest Reserve. It was found in a small cavern in banded iron formation, close to the water's edge. This occurrence of gold was mentioned in several reports that referred briefly to this area, and prospectors evinced considerable interest in the region. It was not, however, until the Golden Rose Mining Company, which was incorporated in 1909, started operations that much work was done on the property. In 1915-16, this Company, under the direction of E. J. Townsend, the President, did a considerable amount of work. A small mill was built and ore was extracted from pits, trenches, and a one~ hundred-foot shaft. In 1927, Afton Mines, Limited, was incorporated to take over the property, and about thirty men were employed for a time. During 1934, the New Golden Rose Mining Company was organized to handle the property, and the Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, undertook to develop the mine. In March of the following year, this Company began deepening the shaft from 100 feet to 500 feet. A considerable amount of drilling had previously been done on the hill of iron formation in which the mine is located. Further drilling was done from the surface, and altogether about twelve holes have been put down to test the formations. Over 2,000 feet of drilling has also been done from the underground workings. The mine is now known officially as the New Golden Rose mine, although to many it is better known as the Afton. To reach the property during the summer months, there is a boat trip of about thirty miles from Timagami, a wagon-road portage of one mile to Obabika lake, a boat trip of ten miles on this lake, and finally a wagon-road portage of one and one-quarter miles to Emerald lake. The mine lies about three-quarters of a mile down the east shore of the lake. A 75 h.p. Diesel engine and compressor were taken in over this' route last summer, and it is evident that the transportation problem is quite a serious one. Airplanes have been much in use, and a winter road runs from the mine to Chudleigh, on the .Canadian National railway near Sudbury.

Jan 1, 1936

By W. J. Bennett

WHEN Dr. Horace Fraser, your President, invited me to speak to you today I advised him in confidence that I was leaving my present positions on April 30th. In the circumstances it seemed to me that this audience might prefer to have as its speaker one who wo.uld J1ave a continuing association with the atomic energy programme. Dr. Fraser was kind enough to suggest that my re-marks might he of special interest to you, since I would be able to sum up my views on the atomic energy programme. I hope that I will not disappoint him or you on that score. I am particularly pleased that my last public appearance in my present positions should be at the Annual Convention of the C.I.M. since, as all of you know, a very important part of my work has been in the mining field. As it happens, my first public address on the subject of atomic energy and its raw material -uranium -was made at your Annual Convention in Montreal in April, 1949. It seems fitting that my final address should also be made at this convention -nine years later.

Jan 1, 1958