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By AIME AIME

ANNOUNCEMENT of the annual meeting to be held Feb. 18 to 22 inclusive will be mailed the latter part of the month to all members. Particular attention is called to the fact that application has been made for reduced rail- road fares on the Certificate Plan. When you purchase your railroad ticket be sure to ask for a CERTIFICATE for yourself and members of your family. Last year over 400 members and dependent members of their families attending the meeting secured return railroad tickets at half price by means of this certificate, thereby saving thou- sands of dollars. Those who fail to obtain this certificate when purchasing going tickets will lose money. Unless 250 certificates are validated at headquarters it will be impossible for anyone to secure the reduced rate.

Jan 1, 1929

By W. Mostowitsch, H. O. Hofman

In our investigation of the Behavior of Calcium Sulphate at Elevated Temperatures with Some Fluxes,' we incidentally studied the decomposition of ferric oxide when heated in a current of dry air. We found that at 1,500° C., with 15-min. periods of heating, Fe²,O³, hardly changed in weight, the greatest loss being 0.23 per cent., and we therefore concluded that the compound remained unchanged at 1,500° C. in a current of dry air. In a more recent experiment we heated Fe²,O³, in a current of dry air and found that there was a decided loss in weight. A new investigation upon the behavior of Fe², O³, using a larger amount of substance and heating for a longer period of time, revealed the fact that a measurable dissocia-

Jan 1, 1910

Jan 1, 1933

By Edmund Kirby

This meeting marks the point at which the long-standing dissatisfaction with the mineral-land laves, the innumerable protests against them, and the many isolated efforts to obtain relief, have developed into a general movement for the: revision. That part of the mining industry which is affected by these laws has three general organizations to speak for it: the American Institute of Mining Engineers, Mining and Metallurgical Society of America, and the American "A Mining Congress: all of which are represented in this meeting. In the series of able and thoughtful presented here, prominent men have discussed the evils of the present laws aid some of the reforms which should be made in them. We all appreciate fully the ultimate value of these studies; but we are also painfully aware of the fact that discussion of this kind has been going on for a quarter of a century without any other effect than a steady increase in the mass of printed records stored on library shelves. In order to get any practical result we must induce an indifferent government at Washington to act, and to do this we must unite in pushing some practical plan whereby it may act in a simple and effective way and with the least possible amount of criticism or opposition. The actual question before us is not whether the mining laws are bad; for their evils and absurdities are not only beyond discussion but also beyond the resources of a temperate and dignified vocabulary. It is not what particular changes ought to be made; for it is premature to make specific recommendations until there is some one to listen to them. Moreover, we all know that there are wisdom and experience enough available, and awaiting that time, for the creation of a code which would be a model to the mining world. The practical question now is, how to obtain the revision; and since the American Mining Congress has of late restricted its attention to this phase of the problem I wish as one of its representatives here to present its views upon the matter.

Jan 6, 1914

By Heinrich Ries

The fusion-point of clay has usually been considered to be influenced chiefly by the quantity of fluxing impurities which the clay contained. Those clays which contain a high percentage of fluxes, such as ferric oxide, lirne, magnesia, and alkalies, fuse at a low temperature. Aside from the percentage of fluxing-impurities, the size of the grains exerts an important influence. Yet, while this fact has, no doubt, been recognized by many, practically no attempts have been made to prove it by actual experiment, although in the case of fire-clays, Prof. H. O. Hofman has rather disputed it. To illustrate the point more clearly, suppose a clay to be made up of a mixture of very refractory grains, such as kaolinite, and some fusible ones. If this clay be heated, the more easily fusible grains will melt first on the surface, and the softening under heat will gradually extend from the surface of the grain to its center. The larger, therefore, the size of the grain, the longer the time required for the heat to penetrate it. Now, if two samples of clay contain the same volume of flux, but of unequal size, the one containing the smaller-sized grains should fuse first, because the fluxing materials are more evenly and thoroughly distributed through the clay, so that they will more or less surround the refractory grains, which tend to act as a framework and hold up the clay-mass when heated. In order to demonstrate the effect of fineness of grain on the fusibility of clay, several mixtures were made up, consisting of white clay and other minerals. The white clay used was a very refractory type from Georgia, the fusion-point of which lay about cone 35 of the Seger series. The mixtures were formed into small bars 1* inches long, and set on a narrow surface, so that the ends were free to bend as soon as the mass softened. They were burned in a Seger gas-furnace.

Jan 1, 1904

By Waldemar Lindgren

The important investigations of Dr. G. F. Becker at Steamboat Springs, Nev., in 1885, aided by the analytical work of W. H. Melville, established the fact that sulphides were being deposited at the surface by hot ascending waters.' Steamboat Springs is situated near the eastern base of the escarpment of the Sierra Nevada, six miles distant from the Comstock lode.

Jan 1, 1906

Jan 1, 1967

FRank FirmstoNe, Easton, Pa.: The effect of lead on brass seems to have been recognized by Berthier, and the facts published by him as early as 1818 (Ann. des Mines, 1st ser., iii., 1818, p. 347 et seq.). He there says expressly that copper containing lead makes " dry " (see) brass, and that, for the same reason, blast-furnace

Jan 1, 1898

Jan 1, 1941

Jan 1, 1941

By Burt Hartmann

The nation's ever-expanding construction and mining activity has placed an increasing demand upon engineers and geologists to design and construct stable slopes in earth materials-soil and rock. Man's attempt to handle these slope stability problems has been based primarily on practical experience and the resulting theories formulated to explain the phenomena. Too many instances occur when man is faced with a slope stability problem that has not yet been experienced and doesn't lend itself to solution by any existing theory. At this point he must extend himself in using his engineering judgment to arrive at a reasonable and safe design. As past experience has shown, all of the "safe designs" are not really safe. Sometimes they result in embarrassing failures. Measurements provide the key to understanding and controlling natural phenomena. We cannot hope to gain control of the slope stability problem until we understand the causes of slope failure, their behavior with respect to time and their relative magnitudes. Measurements required for an adequate definition of any slope problem must be of the highest reliability because of the importance of decisions which must be based on them. For this reason, direct measurements of movement, shear strength, water pressure, etc. of the unstable mass are preferable to indirect measurements of other physical properties. Movement instruments which can be positioned inside of the slope mass (within boreholes) are among the most useful in diagnosis and/or monitoring of slope movements. The higher the sensitivity and il-measurement precision possible with borehole instruments, the quicker the required information can be obtained and the more exactly may hazardous conditions be observed. A high density of measuring points in a single drill hole is deemed essential for diagnostic purposes. Behavior gradients may thus be obtained. The Pressure Meter (Fig. 1) can be used to measure a relative strength

Jan 1, 1968

Jan 1, 1942

[ ] ST. JOSEPH Lead Co., is entering the oil business. Andrew Fletcher, St. Joseph president, stated that plans call for a contract with the Continental Oil Co., to drill 11 exploratory wells. Six will be in Texas, one in southern Louisiana, one in northern Louisiana, and one each in California, Oklahoma, and Montana. St. Joseph is also negotiating a contract with the Zephyr Drilling Co., for wells in Wyoming and Colorado. St. Joseph is planning to drill another well on a 6000 acre plot in southern Illinois. Proxies issued before a special meeting of the board, said the new venture is not intended to change the general character of the company's business, or to involve a significant part of its resources. If gas, oil, or minerals are discovered in paying quantities, the company will develop and operate the deposits and dispose of the products for the joint account of Continental Oil and St. Joseph Lead. The mining company will contribute a proportionate share of the cost, but will have definite limitation of its obligation. The amendment to St. Joseph's certificate of corporation, passed by the board meeting, also extended the power of the company to include mining operations of all kinds.

Jan 1, 1952

No. 219. Assayer for gold-silver property in Ecuador. No. 220. Two engineers to go to Russia, 22-28 years old. Not engaged or married. Knowledge of some language other than English. To study conditions in Russia two summers and intervening winter. One man must have experience in oil-well operation or oil manufacture; the other, in mining or metallurgy. Salary £300 per annum, plus traveling and living expenses. No. 221. Position in metallurgical testing department. Initial salary $1600 to $1500. Candidate who has had industrial training and experience either in the manufacture and testing of steel or in electro- metallurgy preferred, but one who has had post graduate work in these lines will be considered. No. 223. Experimental and research laboratory in Wisconsin wants ,a man who has had experience in ore dressing, iron ore preferably. Salary $3600. Also, an iron metallurgist. Salary $3600.

Jan 7, 1917

Jan 1, 1934

Preamble At the present time many bodies are engaged in -the formulation of standards. There is no uniformity in the rules for such procedure in the different organizations; in some cases the committees engaged in the work are not fully representative, and in. a considerable proportion of cases they do not consult all of the allied interests. The present custom results in a considerable duplication of work, and in some fields several "standards" are proposed for the same thing, differing from one another only slightly and often in unimportant details. It is very much more difficult to obtain agreement between the proposers of overlapping standards after they have been published than it would be to get the proposers to agree before they had committed themselves publicly. The American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the American Institute of Mining Engineers, the American Society of Civil Engineers, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and the American Society for Testing Materials have appointed a committee to consider the advisability of cooperating in engineering standardization. This committee recommends that these societies form a permanent organization by appointing a committee as proposed in the following constitution and rules of procedure to carry on this very important work.

Jan 3, 1918

Although the meeting of the Institute in St. Louis Will not occur until September, 1917, the committee in charge is already making attractive plans, and we append hereto a tentative skeleton program which will give some notion of the opportunities that will be offered: St. Louis is situated in the midst of. a district which contains not only a great many interesting examples of mining, but also all types of industrial manufacture of interest to members of the Institute, and it affords abundant opportunities to visit and see these plants. Further announcement will be made from time to time as the committee's plans take more permanent shape. .

Jan 2, 1917

Jan 1, 1920

By AIME AIME

MINING men in general- are a roving lot but not so Selwyn G. Blaylock. Immediately after graduation from McGill in 1899 he went to the Trail smelter and he is there today though he spent three or four years of his early professional life at other British Columbia mining centers. Either he sensed the great possibilities of the company of which he is now vice-president and general manager, or it sensed his; more probably both. Certainly the association was a happy and fortunate one.

Jan 1, 1937

Last October a committee was appointed by The War Service Association of Manufacturers of Solder and Bearing Metals, Inc. to consider the report of the U. S. Bureau of Standards to the Conservation Division of the War Industries Board, a letter of the War Industries Board, and the discussions of this letter as reported at the meetings of association and to summarize the information thus obtained. The report of this committee has just been printed. The committee agrees with the Bureau of Standards that 99 per cent. tin can be used. It also finds that a very small amount of lead might increase the tendency of the bearing to crack and that lead has a hardening effect on babbitts up to a possible limit of 10 per cent. of lead. Still in the so-called genuine babbitts, in the presence of lead a certain proportion of low melting point eutectic is introduced which admits of the bearing being poured into thinner sections and is decidedly advantageous in the die-casting process in producing a much smoother casting. But the committee recommends that the Bureau of Standards thoroughly investigate this point. Lead-base babbitts, to give satisfactory service, must be carefully made of the proper raw materials. The bronze hearing that has been thoroughly tinned and containing the thinnest possible babbitt lining is now becoming recognized as the ideal bearing. The compositions, recommended by the committee are as follows:

Jan 2, 1919