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Recognizing the fact that the problems of the committee named by the Board to prepare the "official ticket" for officers and Directors of the Institute are various and difficult; and desiring to assist this committee by setting forth some of the principles that should guide the committee and some of the qualifications that should be required of candidates, the following instructions are formulated and the Secretary is directed to publish them in MINING AND METALLURGY concurrently with the publication of the names of each newly appointed Nominating Committee and to send a copy to each member of the, Committee.

Jan 1, 1946

On Sept. 22 to 26, the Institute will hold its 120th meeting in Chicago. The program arranged provides for technical sessions on: Mine Taxation, Non-ferrous Metallography, Coal and Gas, Milling, Oil, Industrial Organization, Geology, Non-ferrous Metallurgy, Mining and Local Resources, Iron and Steel, Symposium on Sulfur Coals, Symposium on Pyrometry. Inspection trips have been arranged to: Gary Steel Plant. La Salle District: Zinc smelters, coal mines, cement works, America's first permanganate plant, many varied industries, scenic trips. North Chicago and Milwaukee: Mining-machinery manufacturing plants, tungsten and molybdenum reduction plants. East Chicago and Whiting: Lead refinery, oil refinery. Franklin and McCoupin: Coal fields. Chicago: Nearly every kind of metallurgical and manufacturing industry. MONDAY, SEPT. 22d Morning Registration, Non-ferrous Metallurgy, Coal and Gas. Afternoon Coal and Gas Milling Industrial Geology, etc. Evening Smoker. TUESDAY Morning Gary. Afternoon Gary. Iron and Steel. Evening Oil, Iron and Steel.

Jan 9, 1919

A. 11. P. WYNNE, San Jose de Gracia, Sinaloa, Mex. (communication to the Secretary): In the comparative tests reported by Mr. Tays, the stamp-batteries were provided with various styles and mesh-sizes of screens, while the Bryan mill was run throughout with a slot-punched Russia iron, equivalent to a 30mesh wire screen. This is a somewhat onc-sided method of comparison. Should not the Bryan mill also have had the chance to show what it could do with other screens? I cannot wholly approve Mr. Tays's proposed improvements upon the Bryan mill. In my judgment, the inventor has given us a machine well-adapted to the work for which it was designed, namely, the crushing and amalgamation of soft ores. In my judgment, the principal cause of failure to amalgamate satisfactorily in the Bryan mill is not, as Mr. Tays thinks, the shallowness of the basin, or the lack of copper plate about the inside periphery of the mill, but rather the want of experience and practical knowledge on the part of most amalgamators. Having had experience, not with one Bryan mill only, but with several, and taking into consideration the experience of other capable mill-men, I am positive that the proper way to save gold ill this mill is: first, to use enough quicksilver to keep the amalgam liquid, thus allowing it to accumulate in the annular space between the dies and the rims of the basin; secondly, to replace the old dies, when a little more than half worn-out, with new ones; and, thirdly, to clean up the mill at least every two weeks—or oftener, if rich ore is being treated. It is evident that Mr. Tap endeavored to amalgamate quite " hard," as is done in a stamp-battery, in which case the swash of the pulp would scour off portions of the hard amalgam adhering to the inside plates and dash it through the screens— after which a considerable amount would be lost through floating on, or in, the pulp in its journey over the outside plates, and

Jan 1, 1900

PROF RICHARD ÅKERMAN Stockholm, Sweden DR FRANK DAWSON ADAMS Montreal, Canada PROF RICHARD BECK Friberg, Germany ANDREW CARNEGIR New York, N.Y. DR. JAMES DOUGLAS New York, N.Y. PROF HATON DE LA GOUPILLIERE Paris, France SIR ROBERT A. HADFEILD London, England PROF HANS HOFFER Leoben, Austria HERBERT C. HOOVER Leoben, Austria JAMES FURMAN KEMP New York, N.Y. PROF HENRI LOUIS LE CHATELIER Paris France EZEQUIEL ORDONEZ Mexico City, Mexico DR ROSSITER W, RAYMOND New York, N.Y. PROF RICHARD H, RICHARDS Boston Mass. DR. ING H. C. EMIL SCHROEDTER Dusseldorf, Germany JOHN E. STEAD Middlesborugh, England PROF DIMITRY CONSTANTIN TSCHERNOFF St Petersburg, Russia PROF TSUNASHIRO WADA Tokyo, Japan CHARLES D WALCOT Washingtion D.C.

Jan 1, 1923

By A. E. Bellis

THE CHAIRMAN (ALBERT SAUVEUR, Cambridge, Mass.).-Any information likely to throw light on the constitution and proper treatment of high-speed steel in order to obtain maximum results, should surely he welcomed. All users of high-speed steel, I believe, will agree with the authors that, in order to obtain satisfactory results, it is not sufficient to heat all brands of high-speed steel to one and the same temperature; apparently very slight differences of chemical composition seem to call for marked differences in temperature. I think that all of us agree that a properly treated piece of high-speed steel should have a fine austenitic or polyhedral structure and that an appreciable quantity of free carbide may be present in the case of very high tungsten steels. What we seem to lack is a satisfactory method, quick and reliable, of ascertaining when the proper structure has been obtained. I think Mr. Bellis' paper is a step in the right direction. To the untrained eye, however, it is not an easy matter to select from some of his photomicrographs the one representing the best structure; for instance, in the case of steel A, we wonder why temperatures of 2,250 and 2,300 do not yield the same results, seeing that both structures are apparently alike, and the same might apply to some of the other samples. I have no doubt, however, that the experienced observer is capable of detecting structural differences that are not made plain here and by which he is able to select the proper quenching temperature. COLIN G. FINK, East Orange, N. J.-On page 68 the authors say that the use of a barium chloride bath to eliminate this difficulty has the disadvantage that the surface of the tool becomes decarbonized." I would like to ask whether they actually found that the surface was decarbonized, or whether they base this conclusion on softening alone? A. E. BELLIS, Springfield, Mass.-No, we have never demonstrated that it was a decarbonization, it is just the softening of the steel. The addition of ferrocyanide to the ferrochloride bath has been suggested. I think that is not altogether satisfactory, because the ferrocyanide bath changes composition very rapidly at these high temperatures, and it would be just a question of luck whether or not it had too much or too little ferrocyanide in the bath giving equilibrium with the carbon content.

Jan 4, 1917

By Persifor Frazer

Among the geological problems with wliicli the present PenufiyI vanirr Geological Survey has had to deal is the relative age of wries of atrata passing around and through the city of' Philadelphia, Bucks, Chester, and Delaware counties. Rogers includes all these roclrs in 11is hypc~zoic series, and every student, so far as the writer knows, with one exception, has assigned to them a position beneath the Pobdam sandstone, or Primal" of that eminent and gifted geologist. So far as regards the srllall portions of this belt, to which it is the intention of the present paper to draw attention, even the oiie geolo-

Jan 1, 1881

By S. C. Libby

Physical degradation of calcined bauxite is related to the presence of goethite in the raw bauxite and to the development of secondary gibbsite. Goethite in the bauxite matrix will shrink and decrepitate during calcining, leaving a friable matrix and allowing disaggregation of the calcined bauxite during transport and handling. A matrix consisting of cryptocrystalline gibbsite alone or mixed with hematite will not shrink during calcination, yielding a calcine with high abrasion resistance. The development of secondary gibbsite between coarse gibbsite crystals also reduces degradation of the calcine by reducing the amount of disruption between grains resulting from differential thermal expansion.

Jan 1, 1981

Jan 1, 1942

I. N. KNAPP, Ardmore, Pa. (written discussion*).-The possibility of storing natural gas in the sands f exhausted gas pools might be, in many cases, a, good engineering proposition, but it cannot be considered a practical business proposition tinder the usual competitive leasing and operating conditions that exist in the natural-gas business. Under the usual conditions of diversified land ownership and leasing with all lack of cooperation, various operators drill into the same pool or reservoir and drain out the gas under each other's land. To attempt to use for storage purposes the depleted sands f any one pool having such various competing ownerships would be highly impractical, considered from operating and business standpoints, unless there was cooperation with the interests owning adjacent wells and leases or the purchase f the same. Also, it would be very difficult to find out whether all old or abandoned wells in any pool had been properly, plugged and thus prevent the waste of gas brought from a distance for storage. Another objection to Mr. Panyity's proposition is the probability that no lease made in the past contemplated the use of a gas sand for storage purposes. Very likely, then, the operator would have a lawsuit on his hands for the unlawful use of a lease if he attempted the storage f such gas without first obtaining additional lease rights. In some instances salt water could not be pumped from a gas well in the customary way of pumping oil wells on account of the deposition of salt in the pump valves or in the working barrel or tubing. Very ingenious compressed air jets have been devised and arranged with suitable piping to blow out such salt-water accumulations. In many pools it would be impracticable to drill a water pocket below a gas sand, as suggested, since such deeper drilling would probably. intensify water troubles.

Jan 5, 1919

1 Any society of undergraduates at a technical school, comprising students in any branch of engineering, metallurgy, chemistry, geology, etc , may be recognized by the Board of Directors in its discretion as an Affiliated Student Society, and its name, together with the names of its president and its secretary, may be published in MINING AND METALLURGY or the Directory of the Institute. The members of such a society will not be named individually on the membership list of the Institute, but may at any time be proposed for election as associates or junior associates of the Institute, in the usual way 2 Membership in an Affiliated Student Society, certified by the official representative thereof, and accompanied with suitable testimony as to character and qualifications, will have special weight with the Membership Committee of the Institute, in its consideration of the pro¬posal of a candidate for membership

Jan 1, 1923

By V. Niemitz

Approximately 30 miles east of Chicago on the southern shores of Lake Michigan stands Bethlehem Steels newest fully integrated steelmaking facility-the billion dollar Burns Harbor plant. The first phase of what will ultimately be the most completely integrated and flexible materials handling system for a steel mill in the western hemisphere is now complete.

Jan 1, 1970

Jan 1, 1918

By J. E. Papin

Morenci ores contain as an average about 0.015 pct molybdenite, MoS2. Incidental to the concentrating operations applied for the recovery of copper minerals, approximately two-thirds of the molybdenite is floated and appears in the final copper concentrate. The economic importance of molybdenum and the success achieved in its recovery in milling operations elsewhere encouraged research directed toward its recovery in marketable form. Several procedures are utilized to effect separation of molybdenite from copper and iron sulphides, but only two have wide application. In the better known of these two methods the molybdenite in the copper concentrate is depressed in a flotation operation using soluble starch as the depressant. The tailing from this treatment thus becomes a low-grade molybdenite concentrate which after thickening, filtering, and low temperature roasting is repulped with water and subjected to additional flotation steps for recovery of the molybdenite. A thio-phosphate collecting agent is employed in flotation of the copper minerals. Presumably the stability and lasting effects of that collector type necessitated the practice of depressing molybdenite followed by subsequent roasting to insure elimination of copper and iron sulphides from final molybdenite concentrate.

Jan 2, 1955

By Robert W. Hunt

At the Atlanta Meeting of the Institute, October, 1895, I had the honor of presenting a paper on " Specifications for Steel Rails of Heavy Sections Manufactured West of the Alleghenies,"* in which, reasoning from the experience of Western railroads with the heavier-sectioned steel rails, I called atten-

Jan 1, 1898

W. McA. JOHNSON.-My idea is simply that a very large excess of coal is ordinarily used as the reducing Material in a zinc charge.. By fine-grinding you increase the surface, and by adding some agent like sawdust or small pieces of wood, or cotton stalks, the charge is made porous., However, the fineness of the ore and of the coal makes the charge, a very poor conductor of heat, and therefore it has to be briquetted. 0. C. RALSTON, Niagara -Falls, N. I'.-The present large, tonnage of flotation concentrate handled by the zinc smelters is often a considerable embarrassment -to them. Nearly all of them complain of the great amount of flue-dust formed during the roasting of this material. This would suggest that it is necessary to briquette, or otherwise agglomerate flotation concentrate before it is .placed in the roasting furnace, although Mr. Johnson's particular proposal merely involves briquetting after

Jan 4, 1918

By Roger L. Goin

Maintaining smooth haulage roads is a key to significant cost savings at Kennecott Copper Corp.'s Bing- ham Canyon copper mine, located near Salt Lake City, Utah. The truck operations section of the mine moves an estimated 300,000 tpd of waste plus some ore to maintain a balanced production cycle. A three-year truck replacement program has produced a dramatic new look in both size and capacity of the truck fleet. Currently there are 95 haulage trucks in the Bingham fleet with capacities up to 150 t. The trend towards the larger haulage units places greater importance on overall truck availability. The impact of a 150-t truck being out of service is far more critical than with the former 65 or 85-t units.

Jan 12, 1974

By Robert R. Britton

A study conducted at The Ohio State University sought to deter- mine whether explosives break rock primarily employing shock energy or energy stored as borehole gas pressure. The amount of broken material, calculated borehole pressure, and measured stress waves are compared as decoupling ratios (borehole diameter/explosive charge diameter) increased from 1 to 3 and all other variables remained constant. Breakage and calculated borehole pressure displayed a decrease as the decoupling ratio increased while the shock energy remained constant. The strong implication is that borehole gas pressure is the primarary force in breaking rock with explosives.

Jan 1, 1984

By John V. Beall

WHEN the atomic age broke suddenly upon the world in 1945 with all its terrible implications, predictions concerning the future of atomic energy were as numerous as columnists and often inflated. Today, some seven years since the explosion and probably ten since the Government took over development of nuclear energy, the impact on our way of living has been largely political (except of course for the thousands of people who have become employed in the AEC). Considering the world situation, weapons have come first naturally. But credible progress in the plow-share uses of nuclear energy-medicine, agriculture, power-can also be noted.

Jan 3, 1953

(Under this heading will be published notes sent to the Secretary of the Institute by members or other persons introduced by members.) No. 488.-Mining engineer, member, technical graduate, married, age 38, desires position of superintendent or assistant superintendent. Has had 15 years' practical experience as miner, millman, machinist, surveyor, engineer, foreman, and superintendent in the West, Southwest, and Mexico. Speaks Spanish. Now employed as superintendent of copper property in Southwest. Can give the best of references. Minimum salary $250. Available after Sept. 1. No. 495.-Member, age 36, married, technical, 10 years'. all round

Jan 12, 1918

Jan 1, 1947