Search Documents

We note with sincere regret the death of H. T. Chen,, who was killed by forest fire in the mountainous re-ion of Kokiu-Chang where he had been operating as Engineer in Chief of the Yunnan Tin Trading Co. Mr. Chen graduated in 1911 from the Department, of Mines, .University of California, being the first Chinese Government scholar in mining to attend that institution; and one of the first in America. He came of a distinguished family, many members of Which are in official life in Peking and in his native province of Hunan, all of whom are noted for their classical scholarship. He was himself a Hsiao-tsai or Bachelor of Arts, a coveted degree of the old literati class, Which he won under the Manchu regime when he was still a stripling. His mining work in Yunnan was carried on with only the most primitive facilities and in a distant province, but was, nevertheless, attended with great success and profit for his company. The region is infested with brigands and rebellious troops. who frequently turn marauders and prey upon the countryside, and Mr. Chen has had to go to the mines always with a large armed guard sometimes aggregating 150 men and some hundreds of miners, also armed. Two armed squads of men keep in touch with his base 'at Kokiu-Chang every day to get supplies and food, and it is feared that the brigands who have thus been prevented from plundering and mobbing his parties have started 'he fires to burn him out, with the disastrous result reported. Mr. Chen has thus given his life to his country in the attempt to win for modern China and Chinese civilization the raw materials of her new industrial life. He did so cheerfully and with full appreciation of the dangers that beset him, and China regards this as one of the most noble sacrifices of her young sons on the altar of patriotism. He is survived by a daughter of two years and by his widow who was also a graduate of the University of California and will be remembered by her classmates as Lucy Kong, 1912.

Jan 7, 1917

By U. F. Kocks

The flow stress in some latent slip systems of aluminum and silver crystals after various deformations in single slip was investigated by transverse compression and supplemented by experiments on overshoot of the compression axis and the stability of corner orientations. Work hardening was found to be remarkably isotropic, the ratio of the flow stress in the latent system to that in the primary system being between 1.0 and 1.3. The strain-rate dependence was not significantly larger in the latent system. This low anisotropy suggests that specific dislocation interactions are not the direct cause of work hardening. Either the obstacles are essentially impenetrable so that only their distance enters, or a fairly random distribution of dislocations of all systems is. in fact. formed during single slip. The latter seems to he excluded by the observations on the strain-mte dependence and on the amount of secondary strain. The amount of seconzdary strains occurring in single slip was determined by shape-change mensurements and by a new method connected with the latent-hardening experiments. It is definitely less than 1/300 times the strain in the primary svstem. WORK hardening is due to dislocation interactions; this is a hypothesis, and possibly the only one, on which all present work-harden ing theories agree. About a dozen specific interactions have been considered, and it is unlikely that any essential one has been missed. Different work-hardening theories differ to a large extent in the specific interactions which are deemed most important. The presence or absence of any particular interaction, and its degree, depend on the geometrical relationships between the two dislocations interacting. Let us enumerate some examples. Two dislocations may react, with a varying reaction energy, to form a third dislocation, and this reaction product may be sessile or glissile. Two dislocations may intersect and a jog may be formed on both, on one of them, or on neither; this jog may be sessile17Z or glissile and it may, if moved nonconservatively, lead to the production of vacancies or interstitials. Finally, a dislocation may bypass another one and thus interact only with its stress field. All these interactions depend on the specific relation between the Burgers vectors and line directions of the two dislocations. Any dislocation generated during plastic deformation of fcc crystals belongs to one of twelve slip systems. Taking any one dislocation, its relationship to each of the other eleven can fall, by symmetry, into one of only five classes. These relationships are enumerated in Fig. 1 and Table I. Each slip system is represented in the stereo-graphic projection by two triangles, namely those in one of which the specimen axis would have to lie if the specimen were to deform in single slip on this slip system in a given sense, in a tension test. Let us represent the primary slip system by the shaded triangles. The other slip systems are classified only with respect to their relationship to this primary system. The code letters (initials of established names* in German) are explained in Table I. Three specific interactions are also listed in cases where they may be strong: the product of a reaction, the formation of jogs in either system, and the elastic bypass stress. The last column relates to the types of experiments reported in this paper and summarizes their results. To decide experimentally between the relative importance of the various interactions one would like to produce a group of dislocations in one slip system and then measure the stress necessary to force another group of dislocations of a specific second system through them. Hopefully, one can produce the first set of dislocations by plastically deforming the specimen in single slip. Then one can try to achieve single slip in a specific, previously latent system and measure its flow stress. If it is different from the virgin flow stress, there has been "latent hardening". Some types of latent-hardening experiments will be discussed in the next section. The strain-rate and temperature dependence of the flow stress is an indication of the importance of dislocation intersections. By extending an investigation of this dependence to the latent systems, one can determine how much more important forest contributions are here. seeger3 has used the as-

Jan 1, 1964

By W. D. Brown

Newell1 has shown that hydrogen is removed from steel in a vacuum at a temperature of 500° to 900° C. within 136 hr. Holm and Thompson2 also state that, especially when the hydrogen is high, the results obtained by extraction at 800°C. agree with those obtained by vacuum fusion. In this laboratory, an apparatus was designed (Oct. 1940) and used wherein the piece of steel was heated at 100°F. in a Torricellian vacuum (Fig. I). This vacuum was produced by raising and lowering a "leveling bottle or bulb" containing mercury. Extensive tests were made with this apparatus. The weakness of the procedure was the possibility of leakage of air into the tube around the rubber stopper at the bottom. The present plan is to raise and lower the mercury by applying vacuum from a mechanical pump, to the top of the tube and then to a bottle of mercury in which the bottom of the tube is immersed. The Apparatus The extraction is made in a Pyrex tube A, I in. i.d. It is drawn down at the top at N and an 8-mm. i.d. tube is welded on it. To this a Pyrex stopcock E, 4-mm. bore, is welded. The tube between N and E is preferably 8 in. long and is graduated in milliliters. The total length of A to the stopcock is 28 inches. Heat is supplied by a split-tube furnace. 0 in. long by 6 in. in diameter, hinged on the side. A short pyrometer couple P is inserted through the walls of the furnace. In use this is standardized by comparison with a standard couple in a I-in. tube, just opposite this short couple. In the I-in. tube A a glass rod R, flattened at one end, supports the sample S and the length of R is so adjusted that the sample is in proper place. (It may float in the mercury.) The tube A is inserted in a large rubber stopper to fit the bottle B and extends nearly to the bottom. It is so placed that the handle of the stopcock faces the operator. In this stopper also is a short tube D bent at right angles for the application of vacuum. Also in this stopper is an 8-mm. tube C reaching nearly to the bottom; this is bent so as to miss the heater and again bent to bring it in line with and as near as possible to the upper and reduced part of tube A. On this tube C is welded a 4-mm.-bore stopcock H. In order that the two tubes may be as near as possible, the handle of stopcock H faces the back, or is the reverse of stopcock E. The total height of II above the bottom is 28 in. As explained later, this is the pressure-measuring tube C. The bottle B is about half full of mercury. The mercury must cover the ends of A and C by about I in. when they are evacuated. By tees T and rubber tubing RT the tubes A, C and D, the latter through the three-way stopcock M, are connected to the vacuum pump. A sheet of asbestos at K prevents the stopcocks E and H from becoming so hot that they leak. A good grade of vacuum lubricant prevents leakage of E and H. In order to measure the pressure of the

Jan 1, 1945

By Philip D. Wilson

AS thin most important and vital component of an airplane aluminum hay rapidly become the heart and tome- of the war program. Its production ham increased amt will continue to increase, in comparison with its pre-war position further than that of any of lie other important critical metals except magnesium. Compared with the 1939 production of tons of primary ingot coming from four plants, all owned by the Aluminum Company of America the 1942 figures are more than three timer as large. Including, recoverable scrap and contracted ingot from Canada the 191,, supply of aluminum for the United States will be over siren times dial of 1939- A substantial part of this increase has been achieved during the past year as total production in 1941 was only some 307,500 tons. During 1942 six great new ingot plants sponsored and owned by the Government have come into production and three others are nearing completion.

Jan 1, 1943

A discussion of the paper by Mr. Campbell, which was read by title at the Lake Superior meeting, but first presented at the New York meeting of the Iron and Steel Institute, October, 1904 (see p. 772). These papers are here published onder a mutual agreement between the Councils of the two Institutes, and will also be found in the Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute for the year 1901, vol. ii. Mr. William R. Webster, Philadelphia, Pa., said: We are under great obligation to Mr. Campbell for his exhaustive investigation, and the results he has put before us to-day. They are the most conlplete series of tests that have ever been made, where all the conditions of rolling, etc., were kept uniform. In discussing Mr. Campbell's first investigations, I claimed first, that the method of least squares, then used, would of necessity only gire the average value of any element, and that if the effect of any element was greater in the presence of high carbon than with low carbon this would not be shown by the method of least squares. Secondly, that the effect of manga nese should be considered on acid steel as well as on basic steel, instead of ignoring all the eff'ect of that element when it was below 0.60 per cent., as was then recommended by Mr. Campbell. I am pleased to note that the results of his present investigation confirm my views on these points. In presenting the results of his first investigation, Mr. Campbell referred to my investigation of 1893-94, and took exception to the value of phosphorus varying (depending on the amount of carbon present) from 800 to 1,500 lb. for each 0.01 per cent. He claimed that one might just as well consider the effect of phosphorus as being constant, and of carbon varying. I refer to this, as he now has introduced very similar conditions in his present tables, in that he gives variable values for manganese (depending on the amount of carbon present) for both acid and basic' steels. Can we now say, with more certainty than formerly, which element should be considered as haviup a constant effect ? There is one other point that I took up in my former discus-

Jan 1, 1905

By Arthur A. Center

HIGH GRADE zinc stocks were reported short early in 1943, but not Prime Western. Maximum production of High Grade was expected to be reached before the middle of the year, and demands of new brass mills were to take all of the increase. In February three premiums (A, B, C) of 2 3/4c. per lb. of zinc in ore were announced to encourage production from high-cost mines, the number of premiums being in proportion to estimates of ore-production costs.

Jan 1, 1944

By B. R. Berger

The Getchell area in the northern Osgood Range, Humboldt County, Nevada, was first prospected in the late 1800s for silver, copper, and gold; the first recorded mention of mining activity concerned a silver discovery. The September 17, 1874 edition of the Winnemucca Silver State notes that the Crystal Mining District was newly organized in the Fremont Range (as the Osgood Range was then called) to include discoveries of silver, lead, and antimony made on the Louisa claim. The name Crystal was derived from the plentiful quartz crystals found in-cavities near the prospects. This same area, occurring on the northwestern margin of the Osgood granodiorite stock, was later mined as the Richmond tungsten property, and crystals may still be found there in cavities in a massive garnet tactite. By 1878, how-ever, the name Crystal had been abandoned in favor of Potosi. The next flurry of activity in the Osgood Range was reported in 1899 when a copper strike on Granite Creek in the southern portion of the range received attention. The copper occukences were in a granite contact zone on the southeastern edge of the Osgood stock and, in 1916, the first tungsten in the district was discovered in the same deposit. During the last part of the nineteenth century, cattle and sheep were brought into the Kelly Creek Valley east of the Osgood Mountains by various ranchers. Alphonso and Adrian Bernard were among these ranchers, and in the first decade of the twentieth century, one of them recognized the altered rock where the Getchell Center it is now located. A 3-m (10-ft) deep prospect pit was dug on the outcrop, but the highest assay ran about $11/t ($10 per st). No further work was done on the gold-bearing rock. In 1934, Emmet Chase of Battle Mountain and Ed Knight of Golconda prospected in the area of the Bernard prospect pit and located several lode claims. At this time, Noble H. Getchell, a state senator, was looking for new mining opportunities to develop. He held interests in the Gold Circle Consolidated at Midas, which was becoming a losing venture. Chase and Knight brought their discovery to his attention, and he grubstaked them to prospect further in the area. In need of financial backing, Getchell solicited the help of George Wingfield, Sr., who held a minor interest in the Gold Circle. Wingfield was a successful banker and mine operator during the heyday of Tonopah and Goldfield, and he had become good friends with Henry C. Frick and Bernard Baruch. Wingfield let Baruch in on several very successful mining ventures in Goldfield, and Baruch returned the favor by underwriting the financing of the Getchell mine. Eleanor Roosevelt and Jack Dempsey were early stockholders in the Getchell operation. George Wingfield brought his brother-in-law, Roy A. Hardy, a consulting engineer who had constructed the American Flat mill near Virginia City, to look at the property. Upon inspecting the Chase-Knight claims, Hardy declared the whole area to be mineralized. A crosscut was driven to check the extent of the ore, and the results were better than anticipated. The locators were reportedly given $50,000 for the claims. The Getchell Mine, Inc., was organized on November 5, 1936. A small railroad that ran from Battle Mountain to Austin was purchased, and the ties and rails were moved to Getchell to be used in underground exploration. Enough reserves were found in the Center and South pit areas to construct a 40 t/d (44 stpd) mill. The financial and engineering help for the mill was provided by the Newmont Mining Co. for a 17 1/2% interest in the corporation. Newmont set about trying to solve the metallurgical problems with the sulfide ore, and also directed the early development work. Newmont wanted to grind the sulfide ore underground and oxidize it in the atmosphere by spreading salt on it. Detrital Flat in Arizona was purchased to provide salt for

Jan 1, 1985

By Benjamin F. Tillson

THE past seven years, and 1937 in particular, have witnessed the return of New Jersey iron mining to a place of importance. Following the World War period, little mining was done for several reasons. The properties were operated by small merchant furnaces whose demand was not sufficiently large to warrant large-scale methods with their attendant low operating costs. Under those conditions, the ore produced could not compete with that from the Great Lakes. However, when on Nov. 1, 1.929, the Alan Wood Steel Co., of Conshohocken, Pa., leased the Scrub Oak and Washington properties at Mine Hill and Oxford respectively, they made radical changes in the mining and milling processes which greatly reduced the cost of production and pointed the way to a renewed interest in mining in New Jersey. The following factors have been advanced as influencing the reopening of New Jersey mines:

Jan 1, 1938

By J. Chipman, J. B. Gero, T. B. Winkler

D. C. Hilty—This paper is a useful and timely addition to our store of quantitative data relating to manganese distribution between slag and metal in steel-making processes. For some time, many of us have suspected that the values of Kmn derived by Körber and Oelsen might be too low, and this paper now appears to confirm that suspicion. Application of the new constant to openhearth data should prove interesting. The manganese deoxidation curves of fig. 4 agree fairly well with direct measurements of isothermal solubilities of oxygen in liquid iron containing manganese that have recently been made at the Union Carbide and Carbon Research Labs., Inc. According to the solubility data just mentioned, however, the curves for 1550" and 1600°C lie much closer to each other than the authors have indicated. In other words, the solubility measurements suggest that the logarithm of the oxygen solubility is not a linear function of the reciprocal of the absolute temperature, as the authors have assumed for their calculations. It seems possible that this discrepancy may be due in part to the authors' use of the distribution coefficient, L,,, obtained from Taylor and Chipman's curve for the solubility of oxygen in iron as shown in fig. 2. Taylor and Chipman gave the equation of this curve as —6320 Log % 0 - ---T + 2.734 Their data, however, can be fitted equally well by a curve having the equation: 13.23 x104 1.18x10" Log % O = 36.350 -13.23x10 Moreover, this curve also fits the authors' oxygen distribution data somewhat better than does the linear curve of Taylor and Chipman. Its use in the derivation of Lo for calculation of the deoxidation curves by the authors' eq 15 causes the effect of temperature on the calculated curves of fig. 4 to agree quite well with the temperature effect that has been observed. An experimental determination of the temperature coefficient of the manganese reaction appears to be desirable. J. E. Stukel—Because the authors have done such an excellent job, my comments will be confined to additional information. Very shortly Professor T. L. Joseph and I will publish the results of a study of the reaction between molten manganese and silica. It was found that electrolytic manganese, melted in silica crucibles, reacted with the silica to form a silico-manganese alloy containing 18 pct silicon (1500°C) and a silica saturated MnO-SiO, slag. Therefore, the presence of silicon and its oxides in the Fe-Mn-0 system will affect the equilibrium. Carbon is also an important factor. The higher the carbon content of the iron the less ability manganese has to reduce silica. As a matter of interest, recently a study of the manganese equilibrium in carbon saturated iron and blast furnace slags was completed at Carnegie Institute of Technology. As a comparison to the present study, 2 to 5 hr were required to reach equilibrium and temperature was a much more important factor than slag composition in determining the (Mn)/(MnO) ratio. These results will also be published in the near future. It can be seen, therefore, that the results of this paper cannot be applied directly to openhearth studies without a degree of flexibility. J. Chipman (authors' reply)—With regard to the effect of silicon on the manganese constant, this effect is, of course, known. Much more data is needed in order to establish it accurately, and I hope we can look forward to having some accurate data on that. Mr. Hilty suggests that a three-term expression for the Taylor-Chipman solubility of oxygen in liquid iron might fit a little better than the two-term equation. I think that it would be too great a compliment to the precision of the data to employ a three-term equation, and I would still recommend the simple, two-term expression.

Jan 1, 1951

By Paul A. Farrar, Felix Ermains, Harold Margolin

The systems Ti-Crand Ti-Vhave been reinvesti-gated in the region up to 40 wt pct alloying addition using both conventional and rapid quenching techniques. The Ti-Cr eutectoid temperature was determined to be at 667° & 10° C and 14.5 wt pct Cr. The solubility of the Cr in a Ti was found to be less than 1 pctat 700"C. The P transus of the Ti-V system was found to be depressed to 510°C at 40 wt pct V and the solubility of V in a Ti was found to be less than 2 wt pct at 700°C. Investigation by a. d. McQuillan1-3and m. k. McQuillan4 on the systems Ti-Co, Ti-Cr, Ti-Cu, Ti-Fe, Ti-Mn, Ti-Ni, and Ti-V has cast doubt as to the position of the ß/a + ß boundaries in many of these systems. Their investigations were carried out using hydrogen pressure and/or rapid quenching experiments, as opposed to the conventional quartz capsule techniques employed by most other investigator.'" By these methods, the ß/a + ß boundary was found to be lower than that obtained by conventional techniques in all except the Ti-Fe system. In the latter, the ß/a + ß boundary was essentially the same as the boundary obtained by conventional technique.7' On the basis of rapid quenching results in the Ti-Cr system, M. K. McQuillan4 placed the eutectoid temperature below 550°C whereas other investigations using conventional techniques had placed the eutectoid variously as between 650' and 700°C,5 between 675' and 700°C,6 between 650" and 675°C,7 at 670°C,8 and above 625"C.la9l3 In order to check these results, a reinvestigation of four of the systems was undertaken using both conventional and rapid-quenching techniques. The Ti-Fe and Ti-Mn systems will be dealt with in anoth er paper, with only the Ti-Cr and Ti-V systems being discussed here. EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES Alloys employed for the delineation of the systems under investigation were prepared from iodide titanium sheet capsules containing the alloying materials,

Jan 1, 1962

By George H. Deike

UNDERGRADUATE interest in coal mining engineering has dropped to an alarmingly low level. Most companies having co-operative scholarship programs have been forced to abandon them for the duration.

Jan 1, 1944

By A. W. WALKER

All branches of production engineering showed steady and definite progress during 1941. Most of it has been of the slower and more conservative type rather than the sensational. To a large degree the changes have been influenced by the expanding war economy, and this tendency will probably be even more marked during the coming year. The stress of the times is placing more emphasis on the principles of engineering and conservation, with the object of obtaining the greatest possible recovery with a minimum waste or expenditure of equipment. Also available material supplies are often being turned to new uses.

Jan 1, 1942

By L. S. Cates

THE war is now behind us. We in the mining industry feel a just pride in the part that our industry and our men and our products played in defeating the enemy on the fighting fronts around the world. In five years of mobilization and actual combat, our mines and oil wells produced over 3 billion tons of coal, a billion tons of petroleum, 500 million tons of iron ore, 21/4 million tons of lead, 31/2 million tons of zinc, 5 million tons of copper, 14 million tons of bauxite, 17 million tons of sulphur, 68 million tons of salt, and 3 million tons of potash. It was an unparalleled performance. But what of today? Why the present low production and high costs? Among the black clouds in the mining sky none are so black as that presented by the labor situation. We know it is the result of the legislation and the interpretation of that legislation in the past ten or fifteen years. Since the passage of the Norris-LaGuardia Act in 1932, we have had nothing but a succession of laws, regulations, and decisions that have intensified the strength of the unions and made the operators of the mines and the sources of their financing prartirally impotent

Jan 1, 1946

By Arno C. Fieldner

METALLURGICAL coke and the by-products of the carbonization of coal continue in strong demand. Nearly 500 new by-product ovens were constructed in 1943. Output of by-product coke in the first ten months of the year was about 2 1/2 percent higher than in the corresponding period of 1942, but beehive production remained on approximately the same level as last year and constituted about 11 per cent of the total coke output.

Jan 1, 1944

By W. R. Ingalls

THE paramount subject of interest and concern at the present time is the readjustment in economic conditions following the cataclysmic disturbance produced by the war and the misconceptions leading to an orgy of extravagance that prevailed during two years following the armistice he, time is too short for me to undertake to review the nature and extent of the upheavals occurring between August, 1914, and October, 1920. Bulky volumes will be written about them. . But I shall have to refer to some of the results in order to outline a prognosis. It is the future, not the past;' that is of most interest to us. Let me be so bold as to say, without further preface, that I am not optimistic as to the near future. .We shall, indeed, have revivals in trade, but they will be delusive if their nature be not 'understood. We shall build hopes and expectations upon political maneuvers and events, only to find in the end that they were folly. In the meanwhile fundamental economic influences will continue to exert their steady and irresistible pressure. The new administratiow at Washington has no magic wand with which to kindle the fires in our idle steel furnaces, or create a million new houses for the people; nor can the premiers of Europe put into motion the spindles of the cotton and woolen mills, or by any incantations compel the people of the Orient to buy goods. The people of the Orient, and of, Europe, and of the two Americas are in the grip of the same economic forces. The readjustment has proceeded further in some parts of the world than in others. In the United States I do not think we, have gone more than over the threshold. I shall tell you why 1 think thus, but in telling you I shall be limited, in view of the immensity of the subject, to a series of bald statements, without much elucidation.

Jan 1, 1921

By S. C. Sun, D. R. Mitchell

T LTRASONICS can be used to deslime and up-grade ores, such as tungsten and tin, which slime excessively with high losses of value in the tailing and are difficult to deslime with conventional methods. Experimenta] work has been performed with a test-tube size ultrasonic classifier. Larger equip-

Jan 1, 1957

University of Alabama University, Alabama Mining and Metallargical Society. FRED PISACAYNE. President JAMES REYNOLDS, Secretary (George T. BATOR. Faculty Sponsor RAY L. FARALEE. Counselor University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona Miners' Society J. POTTER TRAINER, President BLANCHE E. LIGHTOWLER, Secretary J. B. CUNNINGHAM, Faculty Sponsor BRENT N. RICKARD, Counselor

Jan 1, 1944

By Oliver Bowles

TO keep pace with technical progress is an important function of any industry. All branches of mining may learn important lessons by observing progress made in other branches. The non-metallic mineral industries may learn much from each other as well as from the metal miner and the metallurgist. Recent technical advances which have come to the attention of the Committee on Non-metallic Minerals are presented herewith for consideration and comment. It is planned to present this review for open discussion at the February, 1931, meeting of the Institute. Comments will be welcomed either in the form of written or oral discussion. It is desired that new developments not covered in this paper be brought up at that time. Some notable advances have been made in cement technology. Recognition is now being given to the advantages of closed-circuit grinding of cement raw materials in wet-process plants, with stage removal of the fine materials, It increases mill capacity, reduces the wear of grinding media, and also reduces the power requirement. The method is well known in metallurgical plants, and its acceptance by cement companies is another illustration of the lessons the non-metallic industries may learn from the metal industries. Closed-circuit dry grinding has also proved advantageous for both raw materials and clinker.

Jan 1, 1931

By Julian E. Tobey

A MEMORABLE year has just passed in the field of coal utilization. Because of the war, oil conversions in industrial, commercial, and domestic installations have been made to the equivalent of 20,000,000 tons of coal. The war emergency has resulted in a great shifting of various types of coals to various markets. Huge tonnages of metallurgical-quality coals have been withdrawn from steam and domestic business and sent into the iron and steel industries. Marginal coals have replaced these coals in the steam and domestic field.

Jan 1, 1944

By Mark C. Malamphy

MAJOR JUAREZ TAVORA, who recently accepted the post of Minister of Agriculture in Brazil, has reorganized his department. Not least among those sub: divisions of the "Ministerio" which underwent radical changes in the general reform was the Serviqo Geologico e Mineralogico do Brasil. This well- known organization was declared extinct, and in its place was created a new cleparttnent ' termed "Departamento Nacional cle Producqao Mineral," which immediately took over all the work of the olcl Servico Geologico ill addition to certain new duties. Dr. .. Domingos Fleury- da Rocha, former head of the School of Mines of Ouro Preto, was called to Xio to assume the newly created post of Director General of the department of Mineral Production. His department will have live divisions :

Jan 1, 1934