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By E. L. Garton

The oil-producing district, "Southern Oklahoma," is generally considered to be that part of the: State lying southwest of the Arbuckle Mountains. It includes six counties: Cater, Cotton, Garvin, Jefferson, Kiowa, and Stephens. At present cost of the oil is produced from formations of Pennsylvanian age. The individual crude oils resemble those produced in other parts of the State, except that the sulfur content is rather high. This report is a continuation of a study of Oklahoma crude oils3/being made, by the Bureau of Mines, Petroleum Experiment Station, Bartlesville, Okla. in cooperation with the State of Oklahoma. Analyses are given of 27 samples obtained from 21 fields in the southern part of the State, end the physical and chemical characteristics of these crude oils are discussed briefly. Analyses of crude oils from other Oklahoma areas and publications in which these analyses may be found are listed in tables 2 and 3.

Jan 1, 1941

By Larry Gsellman

This report presents the results of a benefit/cost analysis of the Bureau of Mines' Coal Extraction RCD Program for the period FY 1977 through FY 1982. The analysis is an update of the analysis performed on the Coal Extraction R&D Program for EY 1975 - FY 1980 and presented in a MITRE report, MTR-7225, published in May 1975. Major changes included: new production scenarios and an update of R&D cost estimates.

Jan 1, 1977

By Phillip M. Busch

VANADIUM was discovered in 1801 by Andres Manuel del Rio, a professor of mineralogy at the School of Mines in Mexico City. Del Rio called the new element erythronium. Later, he decided that this was not a new element but a form of chromium. Not until 1831 did Nils G. Sefström, a Swedish chemist, positively determine that the metal was a new element which he named vanadium, after Vanadis, the Scandanavian goddess of beauty. From 1831 to the 1860's and 1870's, the comparative scarcity and high cost of vanadium restricted its commercial use. Shortly after 1870, more information was obtained on the physical and chemical properties of the element. Thereafter, research on vanadium has dealt largely with its use as an alloying element in steel and nonferrous metals. Vanadium is a widely distributed element in the earth's crust. It is more abundant than many metals but is disseminated in small quantities throughout a great variety of rocks. Relatively few deposits have contained ore of a grade suitable to warrant development for vanadium alone. It is produced in conjunction with uranium, iron, titanium, aluminum, and lead-zinc ores.

Jan 1, 1961

Table 1.-Aden: Production of mineral commodities [ ]

Jan 1, 1967

By Albert L. Toenges

EARLY in 1949, the Economic Cooperation Administration requested the Bureau of Mines to assign a coal-mining engineer to study milling conditions in Greek lignite mines; to make recommendations for the introduction of methods and practices that should increase production and decrease the cost of mining; and, from the results of a geological reconnaissance by geologists of the United States Geological Survey, to suggest plans for the development of mines to supply fuel for a thermal power plant, Albert L. Toenges was assigned to this investigation and arrived in Athens, Greece, March 15, 1949. The study of mining operations and the geological reconnaissance (which was made by W. G. Pierce and X. M. Denson, geologists, United States Geological Survey) Were conducted concurrently. The Geological Survey will publish the results of its investigation separately. Washability studies of lignites from Aliveri and Kimi were made at the Central Experiment Station of the Bureau of -Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa. The lignite fields mentioned in this bulletin are shown in figure 1.

Jan 1, 1951

By Donald O. Rausch, Robert H. Merrill, David W. Wisecarver, S. Jackson Hubbard

Results are reported for stress - relief borehole - deformation measurements made in three underground openings near open - pit mines in the Ruth mining district , Nevada . A total of 134 deformation measurements were made in 8 boreholes . These measurements determined the regional stresses in the horizons above , below, and at the elevation of nearby open - pit mine floors ; knowledge of these stress conditions is considered essential information relative to certain aspects in the designing of stable pit slopes . The determinations indicate that the stresses in the district are due to the gravitational load of the overburden in a confined stress field .

Jan 1, 1964

By C. O. Anderson, W. M. Meyers

Since 1922, when a brief report3 on the production and utilization of garnet was issued by the Bureau of Mines, there have been a number of interest—in developments in the technology of that mineral. Greater activity has been displayed in mining, new mills have been erected, and more attention has been paid to improvements in milling so that a more efficient and economical recovery of garnet has been possible. These activities have resulted in larger production; therefore, attempts are being made to broaden the market for garnet abrasives, and to find new uses for the unusual combination of physical properties than this mineral possesses. The writers have recently completed a field study of the occurrence, methods of mining and milling of garnet, and the manufacture and utilization of abrasive garnet products. This preliminary report indicates the most important sources of garnet, the methods by which it is recovered, and the manner in which it is recovered, and the manner in which it is utilized.Chemical and Physical Properties.The term ""garnet"" is applied to a closely related group of minerals which crystallize in the caste forms and possess similar physical properties, although their chemical composition may exhibit greater variation. The chemical composition of the garnet group may be represented by the general formula 3R"" O.R""' 203.3S102, in which R represents the bivalent elements calcium, magnesium, in the manganese state and ferrous iron, R"" represents the trivalent elements, ferric iron, aluminum and chromium in the chromie state. An account of the amorphous substitution of the different bivalent and trivalent elements, specimens whose composition may be represented by a definite formula are rare, the composition of any given specimen generally exhibits treat complexity.

Jun 1, 1925

By B. E. Davis

The Bureau of Mines conducted tests on samples of two Florida phosphate slimes t6 devise a technique to recover phosphate currently dis-carded because of its fine size. A flotation technique was devised to recover the phosphate contained in two fractions of each slime: the plus 37um fraction and the plus 20-um fraction. The technique involved conditioning the flotation feed with sodium silicate and a fatty acid-fuel oil emulsion, floating a rougher phosphate concentrate, and cleaning the concentrate in two cleaner stages with sodium silicate added to each for gangue depression. Concentrates containing 21.0 to 32.3 pct P20S were produced with recoveries of 68.1 to 84.2 pct of the P20S con-tained in the flotation feed.

Jan 1, 1987

By John E. Lambert

Automatic control of drum head continuous mining machines was investigated as a means of reducing respirable dust generated and operator variabitity. Literature survey, manufacturer interviews and mine visits were the major information sources. Technically feasible automation concepts were Identified to control sump and shear rates, cutter head elevation limits and sumping distance. These are the elements of a programmed cutting cycle which maintains peak penetrating force on the cutter, to maximize depth of cut and therefore reduce dust generation. Based on the industry surveys, successful underground hardware demonstrations must be completed in order to stimulate the market demand for these advanced control features.

Jan 1, 1979

Nineteen eighty-seven was a year of significant change in the Bureau of Mines-change to help it better adapt and respond to the wide range of new challenges facing the U.S. mineral industry. The Bureau has been regarded as the world's premier mineral information and research agency. Its authoritative, comprehensive data and its pioneering research have contributed significantly to the minerals position of the United States. Yet no organization in today's complex, dynamic world, with its rapidly advancing technologies, can afford to rest on its laurels. Mission and program must be constantly fresh and relevant to the day's issues and problems. Moreover, rather than reacting to events, the organization must strive to anticipate and prepare for them. It must have a sense-a vision, if you will-for the future.

Jan 1, 1987

By R. W. Geehan

The Bureau of Mines has been investigating deposits of critical and essential minerals in the United States since 1939. Bureau engineers made a preliminary examination of the Morefield mine early in 1943 and recommended investigation by trenching and diamond drilling, The Bureau of Mines conducted work from August to December of 1943, which indicated that the Morefield mine was a favorable location for an experimental mining program. The Bureau of Mines carried on such a program from September 1947 to March 1949. The property investigated is 30 miles southwest of Richmond in Amelia County, Va. (fig. 1). During World War II mica and beryl were shipped from the Morefield mine, but after the high prices and premiums paid during the war years were not available the mine was closed.

Jan 1, 1953

By Charles M. McCulloch

This Bureau of Mines report discusses the principles of using computers to draw maps and plot geologic data of mining areas. The types of maps that can be drawn by a computer are reviewed, using as examples two separate areas where poor roof and gas emissions caused mining problems. Such maps can be used not only to help identify problem areas, but also to predict areas where problems could occur, thus giving mine operators time to work out solutions prior to mining. The average cost of a computer-drawn map for a mine property is less than $100, including computer time and man-hours for data preparation.

Jan 1, 1976

By W. H. Eddy

The Bureau of Mines used several laboratory batch flotation schemes combined with magnetic separation to investigate the feasibility of recovering potash feldspar and glass sands from molybdenite tailings. Four molybdenite tailings or prospective tailings were used as test samples. Feldspar concentrates containing from 10.7 pct to 12.0 pct K2O were recovered from three of the four samples. The alkali content of the fourth sample met the grade for a mixed feldspar. All the feldspar concentrates contained iron in excess of the 0.10-pct-Fe203 specification for most uses. Electron-beam microprobe examination of the feldspar concentrates showed the presence of an iron-bearing potash feldspar in quantities that were excessive with respect to most iron specifications. However, a high-quality glass sand was produced from all of the samples.

Jan 1, 1980

By Chas. F. Jackson

The mining literature is replete with descriptions of methods and costs of operation at producing mines. To day the mine manager can find published information bearing upon almost any problem with which he may be faced. From this literature he can familiarize himself with methods employed by otter operators for coping with problems similar to his own, under more or less parallel conditions. Transaction of mining societies, publications of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, technical journals, and handbooks all afford valuable information dealing with operating methods and costs, Very little has been published, however, regarding methods and costs of equipping and developing new properties and bringing them to tae productive stage. There may be some question in the minds of many as to the value of papers on this subject, due to the great variety of conditions encountered. No two prospects are alike. Obviously, it is impossible to forecast what expenditure will be required to develop a mine from a raw prospect or even to predict whether the prospect can be developed into a productive mine.

Jan 1, 1933

By W. T. Millar

Field reconnaissance and laboratory tests on clay from South Windsor, Hartford County, Conn., indicate that the clay is suitable for lightweight aggregate raw material. Exploration of the deposit supports the conclusion that the reserves of clay are sufficient for economical mining operations to produce lightweight aggregate. Preliminary tests indicated that the clay has a short bloating range. Initial expansion occurred at 2,000° F, and at 2,100° F the clay was slightly overfired and sticky. Rotary kiln tests verified the preliminary data, and these tests showed that the clay would make a good lightweight aggregate if the processing temperature and the kiln feed sizes were closely controlled. Lightweight concrete made from the processed aggregate had properties comparable to those of concrete made from a commercial clay aggregate.

Jan 1, 1964

By J. J. de Barbadillo

This report describes a process for recovering chromium and other metals from superalloy scrap. Part I contains the results of laboratory scale experiments which were conducted to test a complex flowsheet utilizing a wide range of extractive metallurgical operations. The novel basis for the process is the formation of a sulfide matte in which chromium is concentrated in a discrete chromium sulfide phase. Mineral processing and hydrometallugical procedures are used to separate chromium sulfide from the other matte constituents. The products of the process are a chromium-nickel alloy suitable for reuse in the superalloy industry, electrolytic nickel, electrolytic cobalt, and an iron-molybdenum residue. Recovery of the principal elements contained in the scrap are chromium(Cr)-93 percent, nickel(Ni)-99 percent, cobalt(Co)-96 percent, molybdenum(Mo)-92 percent. Part II encompasses a preliminary engineering design of a pilot plant capable of treating 100 pounds(lb) of superalloy scrap per hour. Also included is an economic analysis of the operation of the pilot plant.

Jan 1, 1980

By R. S. Dean

This report, the third of a series of annual reports of the Metallurgical Division to be released in this form, covers the fiscal year July 1, 1936, to June 30, 1937. The technological work of the division is performed by sections. Thus, an efficient organization is provided to prosecute the various problems under investigation, and a logical system is set up for presenting the material contained in this report.

Jan 1, 1937

By H. D. BAILEY, John W. Cole

This paper is one of a series on mining methods and costs published by the Bureau of Mines .. Because of the role, played by the Federal Government in the discovery of the ore body, a description of the exploratory operations of the Bureau of Mines, is included ...

Apr 1, 1948

By Stanley P. Jacobsen

Samples of fine coal refuse were obtained from 11 coal preparation plants throughout the United States. These samples were characterized by ash analysis, particle size, and mineral composition. From the characterization, geographical locations, and the dewatering equipment being used by the plants, five sites were selected for obtaining bulk fine refuse samples. The selected coal preparation plants were using for final dewatering thickeners followed by: a vacuum disc filter, a filter press, a belt press filter, a centrifuge, and a settling pond. None were using thermal drying. The moisture content of the final cake varied from approximately 23% to 50% depending upon the feed material, flocculant addition, and the type of equipment. The filter press gave the lowest moisture content followed by a belt press and then either a centrifuge or vacuum filter. The centrifuge products were all dried to an approximate 5% moisture in a thermal dryer.

Jan 1, 1981

By R. S. Dean

The work of the metallurgical fundamentals section during the past year, representing active experimental investigation or thermodynamic study, may be summarized as the following problem subjects: 1. Low-temperature specific-heat investigations. 2. Development of a method of concentrating gases. 3. Thermodynamic properties of metallic carbides and nitrides, 4. Production of pure chromium from chromium chlorides. 5. Thermodynamic properties of the hydrates of calcium, sulphate. While this list is not identical, with officially designated problems, due to overlapping of subjects and to new developments within specified problems, presentation upon the basis of this subdivision will best serve to review the work of the section.

Jan 1, 1937