Search Documents

1. New books P. Sarnoff. Trading in gold. Cambridge, Woodhead- Faulkner, 1980. 136 pp. £3.50 by airmail. Environmental Planning Professions Interdisciplinary Committee (EPPIC). Proceedings: Joint EPPIC/Habitat Symposium: Shaping Our Environment. Johannesburg, EPPIC (P.O. Box 61019, Marshalltown 2107), 1980. R3 per set of 2 issues. H. P. Patra and K. Mallick. Time-varying geoelectric sounding. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1980. 420 pp. D.S. $87.75. Die Suid-AfrikaanseSteenkoolverwerkingsvereniging. Steenkoolvoorbereidingskursus. J ohannes burg, die Vereniging, 1930. 335 pp. Members of Chamber of Mines of South Africa R15, nonmembers R40. D. R. Derry. A concise world atlas of geology and mineral deposits. London, Mining Journal Books, 1980. HO pp. £26.25 byairmail. 2. Journal Remote sensing of environment (RSE). 3. NIM reports Report No. 2064 The on-line monitoring of gold in barren solutions. Report No. 2065 The determination, by X-ray-fluorescence spectrometry, of gold, silver, and base metals on activated carbon. Report No. 2068 The determination of platinum, palladiuim, rhodium, and gold in ores and concentrates by the fusion technique with lead as the collector. Report 2061 The determination, by anodic-stripping voltammetry, of copper and lead in silicate reference materials. Report 2062 The reduction by computer of photoplate data obtained by spark-source mass spectrornetry. Report 2071 The determination, by X-ray-fluorescence spectrometry, of tin and tungsten in scheelite and ca8siterite ores and concentrates. Tunnelling Tunnelling '82, the third international symposium in the series, is being organized by the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, with the co-operation of the British Tunnelling Society, the Institution of Mining Engineers, and the Transport and Road Research Laboratory.

Jan 1, 1980

By R. J. Wysor

CHARLES H. RICH, Conshohocken, Pa. (communication to the Secretary*).-Mr. Wysor has certainly covered his subject in the most thorough and able manner and his paper will no doubt result in enlarged effort toward the conservation of this important byproduct. Not all furnace burdens are as rich in alkalies as those noted by Mr. Wysor. In our own experience we have never gone into any extended examination of the materials entering the furnace burdens, but have made a number of determinations of the water-soluble alkalies of our flue and boiler dust and found maximum of about 4 1/2 per cent. K20-too small for profitable reclamation. We have, however, frequently encountered the smoky gas described by Mr. Wysor. Such gas carries heavy fume, and buds with a fitful flame difficult to maintain. So pronounced was the inhibitory effect of the fume that, in extreme cases, the flame of a lighted match was extinguished by the current of gas and it was found impossible to conduct calorimeter tests without preliminary washing of the gas. When the gas was led through a washer filled with distilled water and pieces of coke, the fume was absorbed and the gas burned without difficulty. Careful analyses conducted on the water solution from the washer showed cyanides in increasing amounts in proportion to the difficulty experienced in burning the gas. We, note Mr. Wysor's statement that he has never found evidence of cyanides in their gas, ascribing the difficulty of burning such gas to the presence of chlorides. Our determinations were conducted in such manner as to preclude possibility of interference by chlorine.

Jan 3, 1917

By David White

THE submission of carefully prepared estimates of the oil reserves of the United States calls for no apology or explanation. In this country, petroleum is a rapidly wasting asset and an occasional appraisal of the amount remaining in the ground is a simple business procedure to safe-guard the general welfare and the prosperity of the republic. The rumored danger of failure, in the near future, of the foreign supply on which we depend in constantly increasing amounts makes the immediate review of our available reserves the more imperative. The Director of the U. S. Geological Survey, in March, 1921, requested the American Association of Petroleum Geologists to cooperate in the preparation of new estimates of the oil remaining in the ground. With the members of this cooperative committee, state geologists, regional geologists, consulting specialists, and geologists and engineers attached to many companies worked both independently and through sub-committees. The reports for districts, counties, fields, etc., after review by local or state committees, were discussed by the joint cooperative committee in conferences that, in some instances, were attended by the original compilers of estimates for the states or smaller areas. Finally the data were reviewed and the figures revised by the joint cooperative committee, so that the totals given in Table 1 represent the opinion of the committee, which was composed of F. W. DeWolf, W. E. Wrather, Roswell H. Johnson, Wallace A. Pratt, Alexander W. McCoy, Carl H. Beal, C. T. Lupton, G. C. Matson, K. C. Heald, W. T. Thom, Jr., A. E. Fath, Kirtley F. Mather, R. C. Moore, and David White, chairman.

Jan 6, 1922

THE discussion at the annual meeting of the paper on "Devices for Detecting Dangerous Gases in Mine Air" (published in. MINING AND METAL-LURGY, February 1, 1927, p. 69) was prefaced by the following description of a new portable methane indi-cator, presented by D. C. Ashmead: Two comparatively recent disasters in Utah are directly responsible for the perfection of the new methane detector. The first of these occurred on May 1, 1900, when 200 work-men lost their lives. The second disaster did not occur for more than two decades, when, on March 8, 1924, at the Castle Gate Mine No. 2, 172 workmen were killed. A dis-sembled safety lamp was later found at the seat of the ex-plosion. This indicated, as a possible cause, that the safety lamp had gone out and the fire boss had tried to relight it. These two disasters brought, the mine operators of the State of Utah to the concentrated attempt to end the loss of life through mine explosions. The Governor of the State appointed a committee, known as the Utah Mine Op-erators Committee, to study the phases of the problem, and this Committee in turn enlisted scientists all over the country in cooperative research. One group, under the direction of E. K. Judd, of the Union Carbide and Carbon Research Laboratories, of Long Island City, New York, concentrated its efforts on develop-ing a methane detector which would be completely ade-quate. This is now successful, since in laboratory as well as actual coal-mine tests the apparatus has instantaneously and accurately detected the presence of extremely small amounts of methane.

Jan 3, 1927

By C. F. Riisness, E. R. Parker

THAT grain size has a great effect on the mechanical properties of metals has been recognized for a long time. Bassett and Davis1 in 1919 did excellent work in [ ] determining the effect of grain size on the hardness of brass. About the same time Jeffries2 and Sykes3 ascertained the effect of grain size on the strength and ductility of several metals at temperatures ranging from 80°K. to their melting points. When creep was recognized as an important property of metals, those engaged in the study of this property tried to determine the effect of grain size 4-9 on creep rates. Unfortunately, most of the investigations were conducted on only two grain sizes, often designated simply as "fine" and "coarse." It is well known that at high temperatures coarse-grained test bars creep less than fine-grained bars. The relation between grain size and size of test bar, [ ] however, has been frequently overlooked. In his early work, Jeffries2 showed that the number of grains in the cross section has a more important influence on the properties of the material than the actual grain size. More recently Hanson and Sandford10 and Pell-Walpole,11 in their measurements of the creep and tensile properties of tin, tested a wide range of grain sizes and correlated the grain size with the strength. Hanson9 later established the relation between the number of grains in the cross section and the. creep rate: At high temperatures, generally a coarse-grained structure is considered superior in creep to a fine-grained structure, but it is evident that for a given bar size continuously increasing the grain size will

Jan 1, 1944

By E. R. Parker, C. F. Riisness

That grain size has a great effect on the mechanical properties of metals has been recognized for a long time. Bassett and Davis1 in 1919 did excellent work in determining the effect of grain size on the hardness of brass. About the same time Jeffries2 and Sykes3 ascertained the effect of grain size on the strength and ductility of several metals at temperatures ranging from 80°K. to their melting points. When creep was recognized as an important property of metals, those engaged in the study of this property tried to determine the effect of grain size4-9 on creep rates. Unfortunately, most of the investigations were conducted on only two grain sizes, often designated simply as "fine" and "coarse." It is well known that at high temperatures coarse-grained test bars creep less than fine-grained bars. The relation between grain size and size of test bar, however, has been frequently overlooked. In his early work, Jeffries2 showed that the number of grains in the cross section has a more important influence on the properties of the material than the actual grain size. More recently Hanson and Sandfordl0 and Pell-Walpole,ll in their measurements of the creep and tensile properties of tin, tested a wide range of grain sizes and correlated the grain size with the strength. Hanson9 later established the relation between the number of grains in the cross section and the creep rate. At high temperatures, generally a coarsegrained structure is considered superior in creep to a fine-grained structure, but it is evident that for a given bar size continuously increasing the grain size will

Jan 1, 1944

By Alastair R. Biggart

ABOUT BENTONITE TUNNELLING Much has been written and many learned papers given on this subject whose generic term is Slurry Tunnelling. This paper is about the particular form of slurry tunnelling known as the Bentonite Tunnelling System. This method. of tunnelling was invented by J.V. Bartlett of consulting engineers, Mott Hay and Anderson in 1964. The general principles are incorporated in British Patent No. 1083322. It was not until the early 1970's that serious experimental work was started to prove the technical feasibility of the process. In the U.K. in 1971 Edmund Nuttall Limited started on an experimental length of 3.8m diameter tunnel at New Cross in London. In Germany at about the same time Wayss and Freytag were starting on a 3.7m diameter collector sewer tunnel in Hamburg. In Japan early slurry tunnelling work was carried out in the 1960's. In the early 1970's a large number of slurry tunnels of various diameters were carried out in that country. This paper is being presented at a time when this system of tunnelling has become an accepted method throughout the developed world. As a result of the work carried out so far there is now a large amount of data existing regarding the effects on the ground in the immediate area of the tunnel, settlement at the surface and the ability of the system to cope with ground varying from clays to coarse gravels and containing large erratics such as granite boulders. The decade of the 1970's has therefore seen a very rapid pace

Jan 1, 1979

By C. F. Riisness, E. R. Parker

That grain size has a great effect on the mechanical properties of metals has been recognized for a long time. Bassett and Davis1 in 1919 did excellent work in determining the effect of grain size on the hardness of brass. About the same time Jeffries2 and Sykes3 ascertained the effect of grain size on the strength and ductility of several metals at temperatures ranging from 80°K. to their melting points. When creep was recognized as an important property of metals, those engaged in the study of this property tried to determine the effect of grain size4-9 on creep rates. Unfortunately, most of the investigations were conducted on only two grain sizes, often designated simply as "fine" and "coarse." It is well known that at high temperatures coarse-grained test bars creep less than fine-grained bars. The relation between grain size and size of test bar, however, has been frequently overlooked. In his early work, Jeffries2 showed that the number of grains in the cross section has a more important influence on the properties of the material than the actual grain size. More recently Hanson and Sandfordl0 and Pell-Walpole,ll in their measurements of the creep and tensile properties of tin, tested a wide range of grain sizes and correlated the grain size with the strength. Hanson9 later established the relation between the number of grains in the cross section and the creep rate. At high temperatures, generally a coarsegrained structure is considered superior in creep to a fine-grained structure, but it is evident that for a given bar size continuously increasing the grain size will

Jan 1, 1944

By Koichi Kashida, Mayumi Someno, Kazuhiro Goto

The present work has two objectives: first to develop an experimental method which would give some new information on the micromechanism of the reduction of oxides by gases at elevated temperature; second to clari,fy the intermediate phases of the W-0 system, formed during the reduction. A Galvanic cell with the solid electrolyte , ZrO2 . CaO, was imbedded in powders of W03, CuO, or Fe20s with two measuring electvodes and with a reference electrode. The change of the intraparticle gas composition was measured at An oxygen concentration cell consists of two electrodes separated by an electrolyte through which the transference of electrical charge is accomplished predominantly by the migration of oxygen ions. Many works have been reported on the oxygen con- 600" to loo@ C during the reduction by the gas mixture of hydrogen and argon. The intraparticle gas composition changes stepwise with time. The electromotive force of such temporary interruption corresponds to the equilibrium electromotive force of two solid phases formed during the reduction. The intermediate phases of W-0 system, which are formed in a large quantity during the reduction by hydrogen, are W0 2 W02.72 and WOz. The micromechanism of the reduction of oxides by gases is discussed. centration cells with the solid electrolyte of solid solution of zirconia and lime, since Kuikkola and wagnerl demonstrated the possibility of determination of standard free energy of formation of oxides by an electromotive-force method with the Galvanic cell. One of the present authors (K.G.) and his coworkers have applied the cells with the solid electrolyte of zirconia and lime to the following measurements:

Jan 1, 1969

By Dexter G. Mendoza

To analyze the behavior of minor elements in the copper smelting process, the phase relations and the activities of arsenic and antimony in the miscibility gap of Cu-Fe-S-X (X = As or Sb) system have been determined at 1473K by the quenching method and the double Knudsen cell- mass spectrometric method, respectively. The experiments have been conducted for the charges in the miscibility gap with different mass%Fe/mass%Cu ratios with varying arsenic or antimony content. The activity measurements indicate that the arsenic activities in both the metal and matte phases show extremely negative deviation from the ideal behavior. The Raoultian activity coefficients at infinite dilution in the metal and matte phases are found to be almost constant against the charges in the miscibility gap, and they are 4.3 x 10-3 and 5.5 x 10-2 for the metal and matte phases, respectively. Moreover, the activity measurements of antimony show an activity value larger than that of arsenic but it still deviates negatively from Raoult's law. The activity coefficients of antimony at infinite dilution are found to be 1.2 x and 2.2 x 10-1 for the metal and matte phases, respectively. The vapor pressures of the predominant As, AS2, AsS, Sb, Sb2, and SbS species in the gas phases of arsenic and antimony, respectively, equilibrated with the immiscible solutions have been calculated on the basis of the determined activity coefficients and they are very small at less than 1 Pa, even when their contents in the metal phase are increased up to 10 mass%.

Jan 1, 2002

By W. H. MacLean, S. Liaghat

The Key Tuffite is a thick (0.3 m to 6 m) and laterally extensive (-10 km) cherty, sulfide-bearing tuff unit in Archean greenstones in the Matagami mining district in northwestern Quebec. It lies at the contact of the Watson Lake Group and overlying Wabassee Group volcanic rocks, and is host to major Zn-Cu volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits. The tuff component is highly altered and its volcanic precursors are not identifiable by petrographic means. The tuff is mixed with a volcanic exhalative component comprising chert, carbonate and sulfides (pyrite, pyrrhotite, and minor sphalerite and chalcopyrite). The normative mineral composition of the Key Tuffite is 33% quartz, 28% sulfides, 16% sericite, 8070 carbonate, 6% chlorite and 9% other minerals. In the vicinity of the Bell Allard and Orchan mines, the precursor tuff components are identified using immobile major and trace elements, as Watson Lake tholeiitic rhyolite (Zr/Y = 1.5 to 3.5, LaN/ybN = 1.7 to 2.8, SiO2 = 72.5 ± 1.2 wt %, and Wabassee calc-alkaline andesite (Zr/Y = 9, LaN/YbN= 4 to 8, SiO2 = 56% to 65%). Immobile element computation techniques were used to calculate mass additions and losses in the conversion of the tuff to the Key Tuffite. Average net amounts of FeP3 (27% total iron), Si02 (14%), Cao (8%), S and K2 (+ 2%), were added, Nap was removed (-2.8%), and MgO was over-all unchanged. Total net mass change was +63%, which comprises mainly exhalative additions, but also includes changes owing to hydrothermal alteration of the tuff component.

Jan 1, 1992

The epithermal silver-gold Red Rock Deposit is hosted in the Late Permian inter- mediate to silicic composition Drake Volcanics of New England, N.S.W. This deposit represents one of the few low sulfur epithermal precious metal systems in eastern Australia, and differ! from epithermal models in that the hydrotherma: system which produced mineralization was active in a shallow water marine environment. The Red Rock Deposit has a resource of 180,000 tonnes of 66g/t Ag and 0.9 g/t Au, and a Ag:Au ratio of 70:1. Mineralization is largely associated with hydrothermal brecciation, and occurs as disseminations, vein stockworks, and struc- turally controlled lodes. Ore minerals comprise acanthite (argentite), electrum, native Ag, Ag- sulfosalts and base metal sulfides, Alteration minerals associated with ore are quartz, cal- cite, adularia, pyrite, illite, illite-mont- morillonite, chlorite and sphene (leucoxene). Illitic and propylitic alteration zones sur- round the hydrothermal breccia. Bulk rock analyses indicate that alteration is character- ized by the addition of Si, K, Fe, Mg and the loss of Na and Ca. Ore was deposited from a boiling fluid in a temperature range of 222- 295¦C, and of 0.5-7 wt. Z NaCl equivalent sal- inity. An upper hydrostatic depth limit of about 800 m is implied for the boiling fluid ii an open vein. Sulfur isotopes indicate a mag- matic sulfur source, and oxygen isotopes imply a predominantly marine ore fluid. Modern analogs of the submarine hydrothermal system that formed the Red Rock Deposit occur in the Taupo Zone, New Zealand, and southern Kyushu, Japan.

Jan 1, 1987

By W. H. Emmons

IN 1922 Morey made a series of experiments in which he observed the cooling of a molten system containing H20, 9.1 per cent; K20, 17.3 per cent and Si02, 73.6 per cent. This system was confined in a bomb; it was fluid at 500° C. and exerted no vapor pressure. In cooling to 420° C. a large part of it crystallized and at that temperature much of the water had separated from the crystals and remained as steam, which built up a pressure of 4998 lb. per sq. in., a force sufficient to lift nearly one mile of granite.1 If granite, cooling at 600°, expels vapor in the process of crystalliza-tion it is reasonable to suppose that a considerably greater vapor pressure would result, and it is thought that the vapor expelled from crystallizing granitic batholiths probably has a pressure sufficient to lift two or three miles of granite. This vapor, collecting near the tops of cupolas of batholiths, is believed to exert sufficient pressure to fracture the hoods and roofs of batholiths above the cupolas. If that is true, one would expect to find that the fracture systems above cupolas are arranged in patterns that depend in part on the shapes of the cupolas. The mechanics of the situation seem to require that conical cupolas should have radial fracture patterns, that bluntly rounded cupolas should have fracture systems that are either irregular or rudely conjugated in plan, and that elongated stocks or cupolas should have fracture systems in which the fractures lie nearly parallel to the direction of the elongation of the cupolas.

Jan 1, 1934

By A. Ghahremaninezhad, E. Jorjani, A. Riahi, Islamic Azad University, B. Nazari, H. Hani, Z. Manafi

The presence of a high iron concentration, 9.1 g/L, in the raffinate of the Sarcheshmeh copper heap bioleach process led to the formation of various types of jarosite, (K,Na,NH4,H3O)Fe3(SO4)2(OH)6, on the heap mineral surfaces. This study probes iron removal from the raffinate using a bio-oxidation process based on A. ferrooxidans bacteria in the presence and absence of jarosite seed. The jarosite seed was biologically synthesized using A. ferrooxidans bacteria. The effect of solution pH (1.5 to 2.5) and jarosite seed dosage (0 to 15 wt.%) on iron removal was examined. It was demonstrated that the concentration of iron ions present in the raffinate decreased from 9.1 g/L to 2.5 g/L with the addition of 10 wt.% jarosite seed at pH 2 and 130 rpm mixing rate at 32°C. Three different types of raffinate including (1) native raffinate containing 9.1, 3.4, 5.7 g/L of total, ferric and ferrous iron, respectively, (2) bio-oxidized raffinate in the absence of the jarosite seed containing 8.5 g/L total iron (mainly ferric with negligible ferrous), (3) bio-oxidized raffinate in the presence of jarosite seed containing 2.55 g/L total iron (mainly ferric with negligible ferrous) were used in mesophilic, moderate thermophilic and thermophilic bioleaching processes. The results of the flask tests showed that the highest copper bioleaching recoveries of 9.4, 49.4 and 90.8 % were achieved using raffinate (3) with mesophilic, moderate thermophilic and thermophilic bioleaching processes, respectively.

Jan 1, 2016

Mining of copper ore is still the most important business in Chile. In order to mine ore with a copper content of less than one percent at Minera Los Pelambres in an economical way, opencast mining is mandatory. Due to the prevalence of avalanches at the mine, the concentrator was located in a stable area, some distance from the mine. As a consequence, the material has to be transported between mine and concentrator by conveyor. A downhill conveyor system has been implemented for more than ten years as the most suitable and most economical ore transport alternative. Due to the length (12.6 km) and inclination (1300 m drop) of the conveyor system, the stresses in the steel cord belt are the dominant design criterion, resulting in a belt quality of ST 7800. Additional dynamic belt stresses during transient operating conditions are avoided by the installation of high capacity adjustable frequency drives. The rating of a single drive unit is 2500 kW. During ten years of operation, several capacity increases have been implemented, from an initial 5800 t/h up to the current capacity of 9900 t/h. This presentation describes the engineering challenges of the implementation of the world's strongest belt conveyor system. Capacity increase measures like the development of new control and breaking strategy, proved by dynamic simulation of belt forces and belt speed scenarios are explained. During this long-term partnership of RWE Power International, the former Rheinbraun Engineering, with Minera Los Pelambres, RWE has been engaged continuously for development work, safety checks, expert opinions and maintenance audits, and giving new impulse to conveyor technology.

May 1, 2010

"Caterpillar has developed the Cat GH800B longwall plow system, designed for mining very low coal seams at high rates. Building on the attributes of the proven GH1600 plow system, the Caterpillar longwall team in Lünen, Germany, worked with the German Ibbenbüren Mine to design and construct a system for mining an anthracite seam averaging only 0.85 m (33.5 in.) thick. The result is the GH800B plow and associated longwall system, which is now operating in the Ibbenbüren Mine - where the seam does not exceed 1 m (39 in.) in height.The Cat GH800 plow, with an installed power of 2 x 400 kW, has been the plow of choice for seam heights from 0.9 to 2 m (35 to 78 in.), regardless of seam inclination or coal hardness. But the lower the coal seam, the more difficult the extraction process. Flexibility, reliability, efficiency and serviceability of the whole system had to be refined for maximum productivity in such a minimal height, but several key modifications led to success.The armored face conveyor (AFC) modifications for the GH800B plow system include PF4 plow line pans with a replaceable top trough and a new plow guide made of a one-piece casting to provide extra strength and durability while being lower in height than the previous welded version. External dogbone connectors between the line pans and a strong and flexible relay bar between the AFC and the roof supports (shields) further adapt the conveyor for very low seam operation. To increase coal throughput, the engineering team widened the conveyor crosssection with extended side plates."

Jan 1, 2014

By Tim Siegel, III Fondren, Billy Camp

"INTRODUCTIONThe new $650 million power block at Santee Cooper’s Cross Generating Station in Cross, South Carolina is being constructed on driven pre-stressed concrete (PSC) piles. S&ME, as geotechnical subconsultant to Parsons Energy and Chemical Group, was responsible for pile analysis and design to meet the site’s geotechnical and seismic challenges. Selection, analysis and design of the PSC piles included consideration of the following:• Column and equipment support loads ranging up to 500 to 1000 kips (2224 to 4448 kN).• Incorporation of the 2000 International Building Code seismic provisions.• A thick upper soft clay and loose, liquefiable sand.• Potential for karst-related features in the calcareous Santee Limestone.GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERIZATIONThe near-surface site geology consists of (in order of increasing depth): (1) Pleistocene sediments, (2) the Santee Limestone (considered part of the Orangeburg Group) of Eocene age, and (3) the Black Mingo Formation of the Eocene/Paleocene age (refer to the shear-wave profile in Figure 4). Pleistocene clays and silts are generally soft and will settle significantly if subjected to loading by heavy grade-supported structures while the interbedded sands are generally loose. Where submerged below the shallow groundwater table, the sands were determined to be liquefiable during a strong earthquake.The Santee Limestone is a nearly white to yellow fossiliferous and partly glauconitic rock consisting chiefly of calcium carbonate. Observations of the rock core samples from the site indicate that it can range from hard crystalline limestone (primarily in thin layers) to a lightly cemented sand. In terms of rock strength, the Santee Limestone is generally very soft to soft, depending on the cementation and other depositional characteristics."

Jan 1, 2004

By J L. Merritt

Contour banks and waterways are standard soil conservation measures to assist farmers reduce the impact of gully erosion on sloping cropping land by reducing the slope length to the interval between the banks. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) developed by the USA Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service in 1930s predicts the long-term average annual soil loss (A).The equation is the product of the rainfall erosivity factor (R), the soil erodibility factor (K), the topographic factors of slope length and angle (L and S) and the cropping management factors (C and P). Contour banks reduce the slope length (L) only.Contour banks are a constructed earth embankment, incorporating a channel on the upslope side, typically traversing a slope on or close to the contour to control and/or prevent the erosion of that slope. The banks are also referred to as graded banks, terraces, or bunds (DSITI 2015). Contour banks are either broad based or narrow based. Broad based banks allow the passage of the machinery over the banks whilst narrow based bank batters are too steep preventing the passage of machinery. Waterways are a stable, longitudinally sloping water disposal area of sufficient capacity used to discharge surplus runoff from the contour bank and to allow it to flow to a lower level without causing erosion (DSITI 2015).The mining industry must decide what the role for contour banks and waterways is in each operation’s rehabilitation and closure plan.CITATION:Merritt, J L, 2018. Contour banks in spoil rehabilitation – a matter of timing, in Proceedings Life-of-Mine 2018, pp 147–149 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Jul 25, 2018

By M. R. KEYS

"The property is about 120 miles north of Red Lake in the Favourable Lake area, district of Kenora ( Patricia part) , Ontario. The original discovery was staked by K. Murray in December, 1927. The first development work was done by the Favourable Lake Mining and Exploration Company. In 1936 Newmont Mining Corporation acquired control of the property and developed it to production by September, 1939. Production to the end of 1945 had a value of $7,534,656 from 441,457 tons of ore, an average value of $17.04 a ton . This production was mainly from gold and silver, with lead and zinc of subordinate importance.The rocks in the vicinity of the mine trend in a north-south direction. From east to west the sequence is: (1) A dark-coloured, massive rock, presumably a flow, composed mainly of quartz and biotite. ( 2) A buff- coloured, scricitized rock locally containing quartz phenocrysts and black hornblende. This is an alteration product of the dark variety and is later than the folding. It occurs mainly within the dark rock. (3) A series of sediments comprising thin beds of greywacke, grit, quartzite, conglomerate, and iron formation. ( 4) A gabbro sill, now largely altered to amphibolite.With the exception of the buff type, these rocks dip 80°E. The buff rock has a very irregular outline in comparison with the other rocks and appears to dip somewhat more flatly east. Felsite and diorite dykes are also present. These have a general strike of S.60°E. and dip 65°S .W. A post-ore diorite dyke trending N.15°E. occurs about 2,000 feet east of the mine area."

Jan 1, 1954

By F. Mielli

Mine operation managers are constantly tasked with identifying new ways to produce more, while using less. Mine effectiveness and reliability is the foundation of improving operational performance. Timely decisions need to be made in order to identify production waste. Intelligent data needs to be visualized in real-time. Operational events need to be captured with impacts quantified and root causes identified. Unfortunately, complex information technology solutions often have a very poor success rate, with some reports suggesting 30 percent of complex projects are canceled before completion.

Feb 27, 2013