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CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION U.S. 4,067,789 - Removal of soluble manganous ions from a zinc sulfate solution formed by leaching roasted zinc sulfide ore with spent electrolyte. An excess of ammonium persulfate or like oxidant is added to the leach solution to convert manganese to insoluble, filterable gamma-manganese dioxide, and the precipitate separated from the solution by filtration. L. Harris and A. K. Hanson, Jr., assigned to Newmont Exploration Ltd. Jan. 10, 1978. 11 pp. (204-119). Filed: 5-3-76 (682.442). (Drawing on page 67.)

Jan 1, 1979

By Hsin H. Huang

Equilibrium calculational software programs can be effectively utilized to model the importance of activity or concentration, solubility, temperature, solution pH, solution potential, and ligand complexation on extraction and recovery processes. Illustrative examples using the calculational program ST ABCAL for the creation of diagrams such as EwpH, activity or concentration-pH, and activity or concentration-EH are presented to demonstrate the fundamental characteristics of real hydrometallurgical mercury dissolution and recovery processes. An industrial application will include leaching of mercury from K 106 mercury sulfide waste and solution purification by iron cementation.

Jan 1, 2003

By A. Ignatieff

"Excavation, the principal mining process, 'which hitherto has been based largely on the intuition and logic of mining men, is increasingly receiving the attention of engineers and scientists versed in rock mechanics. The paper intro-duce the principles of this science in simplified form, directed both to underground and open-pit mining. Reference is made to the large annual tonnage from ore and rock excavations, which in 1967 were responsible for 250 million tons of mineral production in Canada.The urge to transform excavation into a continuous instead of an interrupted process is discussed with references to the various types of energies employed or proposed in rock breakage or excavation. Due to the rapid decay of applied energy in the discontinuous and heterogeneous rock environment, large confined blasts proposed for in-situ mining do not give much expectation of success as yet. Raises and ventilating shafts are already bored in reasonably hard rock. Tunnelling machines will be used for drifting and cross-cutting in the future, but continuous mining machines of the cuttmg and shearing type are not 'around the corner' for stoping typical orebodies. On the other hand, bed mining, particularly of coal, has led the way in continuous mining, and Remotely Operated Long-wall Face (ROLF) experiments are progressing in an encouraging way. Some reflections on the mining environment in relation to the human element are made."

Jan 1, 1970

UNITED ENGINEERING TRUSTEES, INC. James L Head, '55 E C Meagher, '52 Gail F Moulton, '53 Advisory Committee to Real Estate Committee Cleveland Dodge Herbert Hoover J Paul D Merica THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION E. R Kaiser, '54 W. M Peirce, '52 E C Meagher, ex officio as President, UET Research Procedure Committee E. R Kaiser ENGINEERING SOCIETIES LIBRARY BOARD James L Head, Chairman Frank T Sisco, '54 E M Wise AMERICAN STANDARDS ASSOCIATION Mining Standardization Correlating Committee Otto Herres, '53 J K. Richardson, '53 H H Otto, '53 E W Bullard, '53 - Alternate

Jan 1, 1952

J. K. EVELETH, Anaconda, Montana (Communication to the Secretary): Partly for the reasons which Mr. Jones enumerates, and partly because of the presence of copper in greater or less quantities in so large a proportion of the ores throughout this region, I have also found Marguerite's method the most convenient and satisfactory for the determination of iron. In order to avoid the previous precipitation of the copper with H2S on the separation of the iron by means of ammonia, with the consequent necessity for re-precipitation

Jan 1, 1889

By J. D. Miller

Reaction kinetics for gold dissolution in acid thiourea solutions were investigated using formamidine disulfide as an oxidant. For the conditions studied it appears that a surface reaction limits the rate of gold dissolution. The rate was found to be first order with respect to thiourea concentration and half order with respect to the concentration of formamidine disulfide; the apparent activation energy for the reaction was 10.40 kcal/mol (43.40 kJ/mol); and the reaction rate was independent of pH for the pH range 1.0 to 3.0.

Jan 1, 1999

The paper describes the progress made in the last decade with the introduction of comprehensive monitoring of the mine atmosphere into U.K. collieries. Brief descriptions are given of the various portable and fixed point instruments which have been developed for this purpose and the methods available for transmission of information to the surface are also discussed. The paper also outlines some of the research work being carried out both in the laboratory and underground on the development of alternative methods of fire detection. Some of the results from this work are illustrated and discussed.

Jan 1, 1981

By Liu Liu

In the recent 10 years the rapid development of Chinese steel industry has attracted the attention of the world. The technological progress of converter steelmaking has played an important role in this process. First of all, slag splashing has been extensively adopted by Chinese steel companies in various sizes of converters from largest to smallest ones, and even including those using special hot metal containing V and Ti. Remarkable metallurgical results have been achieved. Up to now the average converter campaign life has reached nearly 10,000 heats, and the longest exceeds 30,000 heats in three melt shops. Based on this process, the long-life combined-blowing converter steelmaking technology has been developed. Slag splashing has been used to form a gas permeable "slag mushroom" on the top of bottom nozzles to protect the nozzles. In order to keep the effective bottom blowing, furnace bottom thickness control technique has been developed to prevent the furnace bottom growth. It makes the service life of bottom nozzle the same as the converter campaign life (average 10,000 heats and longest > 30,000 heats). The complete combined blowing was ensured through out the furnace campaign. Concentration product [C][0] is in the range of 0.0023 ~ 0.0030%, the T.Fe in the slag is lowered by 4 ~ 6%, and the [0] in steel is decreased by 100 ~ 250 ppm.

Jan 1, 2004

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEES OF LOCAL SECTIONS New York LOUIS D. HUNTOON, Chairman. ARTHUR S. DWIGHT, Vice-Chairman. THOMAS T. READ, Secretary, Woolworth Bldg., New York, N. Y. E. MALTBY SHIPP. Treasurer. GEORGE F. KUNZ, W. De L. BENEDICT. Boston ROBERT H. RICHARDS, Chairman. ALBERT SAUVEUR, Vice-Chairman. AUGUSTUS H. EUSTIS, Secretary-Treasurer, 131 State St., Boston, Mass. TIMOTHY W. SPRAGUE. HENRY A. WENTWORTH. Columbia F. A. THOMSON, Chairman. GEORGE W. RODDEWIG, Vice-Chairman. LYNDON K. ARMSTRONG, Secretary-Treasurer. P. O. Drawer 2154, Spokane, Wash. R. S. McCAFFERY. S. H. RICHARDSON.

Jan 5, 1914

By Robert J. McNally

There are three primary plant nutrients-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium--expressed in any fertilizer compound as percent N, percent P2O5, and percent K20, in that order. This article will be concerned with the first two. The chief source of P205 is phosphate rock. As found in the western states phosphate rock is essentially tricalcium phosphate-calcium fluoride (fluorpatite). As such, it is quite water insoluble. The principal phosphate fertilizer used is single superphosphate, produced by reacting sulfuric acid with phosphate rock in the proper proportions.

Oct 1, 1956

By J. L. Hendrix, R. B. Dix

A study was made of the United States Bureau of Mines chlorine-oxygen leaching process for complex sulfide concentrates. The investigation sought to determine the kinetic order and mechanisms involved in the reactions between galena and sphalerite with chlorine. The influence of copper on the extraction rates was also studied. It has been shown that the rates of reaction of chlorine in aqueous solutions with sphalerite and galena are both zero order at 373 K with rate limiting step being the chemical reaction. Addition of cupric chloride increased the extractions of both lead and zinc.

Jan 1, 1981

By K. N. Han

The adsorption of gold onto activated carbon in iodide solutions was studied. The adsorption rates were determined as a function of temperature, salt concentration and pH, as well as activated carbon concentration. A kinetic model was developed for the adsorption. The adsorption rate was believed to be controlled by a combined mechanism of film diffusion and pore diffusion with the film diffusion having the most significant effect. Experimental findings were in good agreement with the model developed. The apparent activation energy was found to be 14.9 kJ/mol.

Jan 1, 1995

Anixter Bros., Inc. Bowdil Company Bucyrus - Erie Company Cincinnati Mine Machinery Co. Coal Age Conoco, Inc. Cummins Power, Inc. FMC - Material Handling Equipment Div. Fox & Associates, Inc. Goodman Equipment Corporation Jeffrey Mining Machinery K & P Companies Kennametal, Inc. Lee-Norse Company Lively Manufacturing & Equipment Co. Long-Airdox Company McLanahan Corporation McNally Group Mine Safety Appliances Company Ohio Brass Company Page Engineering Company Peabody ABC Pelton Equipment Company, Inc. Plymouth Rubber Company, Inc. Stearns-Roger Corporation TIC The Industrial Company of Steamboat Springs, Inc. UNC Teton Exploration Drilling, Inc. Uniroyal, Inc.

Jan 1, 1982

By H. C. Ko

As part of the Federal Bureau of Mines effort to provide thermodynamic data for the advancement of minerals technology, energy conservation, and environmental preservation, the standard enthalpies of formation of a-magnesium sulfate, a-magnesium sulfate, and magnesium sulfate monohydrate were determined by hydrochloric acid solution calorimetry. The values of the standard enthalpies of formation in kcal per mole at 298.15 K are -307.95 ± 0.13 for a-MgS04, -307.03 ± 0.13 for ß-MgS04, and -384.72 ± 0.13 for MgS04 .H2O.

Jan 1, 1979

By K. N. Han

The kinetics of gold dissolution in iodide solutions with oxygen in an autoclave was investigated. The leaching process was described by a gas-liquid-solid heterogeneous reaction. The effects of stirring speed, temperature, oxygen partial pressure and lixiviant, concentrations on the overall leaching rate was investigated. It was found that the dissolution of gold could be represented by a heterogeneous chemical reaction. Under the conditions studied, the apparent activation energy ranged from 34.7 to 54.3 kJ/mol. Experimental findings were in good agreement with the kinetic model proposed.

Jan 1, 1998

By V. S. Papezik

Pyrophyllite, a hydrous aluminium silicate, is used mainly in the ceramic industry and to a lesser extent as a filler in the manufacture of paper, rubber, insecticides and baby powders. Commercial deposits of pyrophyllite in North America are restricted to the "Avalon Zone" , a belt of late Precambrian volcanic and sedimentary rocks that extends along the eastern flank of the Appalachian orogenic belt f rom Georgia to Newfoundland. The only commercial Canadian pyrophyllite deposit lies near Foxtrap on the A valon Peninsula of Newfoundland. Here, steeply dipping lenses of altered pyrophyllite rock occur in a north-trending rhyolite belt near the contact with a granitoid pluton. The altered rock is massive, light greenishyellow and contains varying proportions of pyrophyllite, sericite and quartz with lesser amounts of diaspore and traces of barite and rutile. A lteration was produced by acid solutions, either derived from or activated by the intruding pluton, at temperatures of 250° to 270°C and pressures not exceeding 2 kbr. The largest of the Foxtrap pyrophyllite lenses, discovered in 1897, was mined intermittently f rom 1903 until the early 1950s. The present owner of the mine, Newfoundland Minerals Limited, acquired the property in 1959 and ships between 27, 000 and 36,000 tonnes annually to th e company plant in Lansdale, Pennsylvania, for use in ceramic tile.

Jan 1, 1984

By R. T. McLamore

Lack of sufficient native permeability or skin damage caused while drilling wells for in situ leach mining projects may necessitate stimulating injection and production we1ls to increase the leaching rate to economic levels. Such stimulation processes could include acidization, hydraulic fracturing, or explosive fracturing. This paper describes an explosive fracturing process that is being developed primarily to stimulate the production of oil and gas wells, but may be useful in in situ leach mining projects as well. The process utilizes a liquid explosive that has unique safety features. The chemicals that form the explosive are subdivided into two pumpable, non- detonable components. Technology has been developed to pump these two components independently but simultaneously into the well and blend them together downhole to form the explosive. As such, surface facilities and personnel are not exposed to explosive hazards. The explosive formulations utilized in the process have been subjected to numerous safety and characterization tests and been qualified for use in deep wells with temperatures and pressures up to 250°F and 10,000 psi. The explosive composition can be varied to produce an explosive ranging, energetically, from a blasting agent to a high explosive that can be detonated after injection into a borehole, a porous media or into thin naturally occurring fractures within the roc

Jan 1, 1974

By A Patwardhan, M M. Alam, K K. Thatavar

A commercial wet scrubber was used in the SIU-Joy dust control laboratory to test several concepts for improving the dust control efficiency of a wet scrubber. The concepts tested included two filter-two-spray systems, hollow and full-cone sprays, horizontal and vertical sprays, different layer filters and addition of surfactant. The optimised scrubber configuration had water-only vertical sprays for pre-wetting coarse dust, and vertical surfactant-laden water sprays for wetting ultrafine particles. This scrubber configuration reduced dust concentrations from 250 mg/m3 to 1.8 mg/m3. In comparison, the conventional scrubber configuration in the feed provides an outlet dust concentration of 3 - 4 mg/m3 in field operation. Upon successful testing and optimisation of parameters in the laboratory, field demonstration of the concepts was conducted at an Illinois coal mine. The optimised scrubber configuration was tested in the field with good results in terms of improved visibility in the face area and reduced respirable and quartz dust concentrations. Additional modifications in the field involved relocation of the scrubber suction inlets from the bottom to the side and changing the water spray configuration on the miner head. These additional changes were based on a conceptualised spatial dust distribution profile in the face area. The results of these laboratory development and field demonstration studies are presented in this paper.

Jan 1, 2005

By G. Lee, E. T. C. Spooner

"Molybdenum mineralization at Boss Mountain is hosted by the Triassic Takomkane quartz monzodiorite batholith and is associated with a Cretaceous monzogranite stock. Ore has been mined from a sheeted vein system that describes a partial annulus centred upon the apical region of the stock and from subvertical breccia pipes that emanate from the stock. Molybdenite precipitation is coincident with CO2 effervescence from a dilute (1.9 mole o/o NaC/ equivalent) hydrothermal fluid over a temperature range of 250°C to 370°C at a pressure of approximately 350 bars, interpreted to be greater than or equal to the lithostatic load and equivalent to a depth of 1.3 km or less.IntroductionThe chemical and thermal constraints on molybdenum transport and deposition to form molybdenum ore deposits are not well understood. To address this problem, the Boss Mountain mine in central British Columbia, operated by Noranda Mines Ltd., was chosen as a well-described (Soregaroli and Nelson, 1976), relatively small and simple example of a Cordilleran Mo~ deposit. It is situated on the northeast slope of Takornkane Mountain, 10 km west of the community of Hendrix Lake (N.T.S. 93A/2W; latitude 52°06'N, longtitude 120°56'W). Access is from 100 Mile House by nearly 90 km of road, the first 50 km of which are paved."

Jan 1, 1995

By Don M. Coulter

"INTRODUCTION Bauxite, in Appalachian Alabama, occurs in the Rock Run and Goshen Valley districts in Cherokee County; in Nences Creek Valley near Jacksonville; near Anniston in Calhoun County; north of Fort Payne in DeKalb County; near Ashville in St. Clair County; and near Talladega in Talladega County.In February 1942, Preston E. Cloud, Jr., assistant geologist, Federal Geological Survey, began a study of these bauxite deposits and the geology relating thereto.The Bureau of Mines established field headquarters at Piedmont, Calhoun County, in July 1942. Mineral agreements covering a total of 11,097 acres were executed with 15 landowners in the Rock Run district; 38 in the Goshen Valley district, covering 7,575.5 acres; and 3 in the Nances Creek Valley district, covering 988.5 acres. Drilling was done on the properties of 9 land¬owners in the Rock Run district, and on the property of 1 landowner each in the Goshen Valley and the Nances Creek districts. Drilling began October 26, 1942, and ceased on May 17, 1943.Power drilling was supplemented by a labor crew that drilled hand-auger holes in shallow deposits and sampled .old shafts, mines, and mine dumps.In all, 222 holes for a total of 13,250 feet were drilled. Of these holes, 88 penetrated bauxite but too low in grade to constitute ore."

Mar 1, 1948