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By P. deH. Eastcott

The paper summarizes a slide presentation made during the CIM Mechanical-Electrical Operators' Conference, held at Sudbury. Ontario, January 25-27, 1977. Its scope has been limited to a few specific aspects of modern Canadian hoisting plant practice that are likely to be of interest to operating personnel. It is intended to serve as a brief review of established methods discuss in more detail the present state-of-the-art and suggest trends that will appear as products during the next few years.

Jan 1, 1977

By Jean-Paul Drolet

"This paper charts, briefly, the :salient facts of international trade in minerals and their products and Canada's place in it. It also reviews inter-national agreements, economic groupings and national measures to channel and regulate production and trade in minerals. Canada's mineral industry now produces raw materials worth $3.7 billion per year, making this country a giant among mineral producers. Two-thirds of this production is exported, chiefly to the United States, accounting for about 30 per cent of Canada's merchandise exports and topping all other classes.However, several other nations are also pressing the development of their mineral resources and markets. The Soviet Bloc, China and principally Australia and Africa are becoming important suppliers of basic raw materials to some traditional markets of Canada in Europe and Japan.The outlook for Canadian mineral exports to the countries of the Common Market, Great Britain and Japan is good, although some tariff barriers remain troublesome.Concerning the United States, our most important market, Canada is seeking to have that country lift import quotas on lead and zinc, and re-cent statements by U.S. authorities give hope that this may be achieved soon. Moreover, Canada wishes to obtain easier access to the American market for several of its metals and minerals.Canada is now participating in the Kennedy Round of tariff talks under the auspices of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), and is seeking to open wider doors for its exports of products.In summary, Canada has done reasonably well in some mineral commodities on world markets, but has lost ground in others. Any slackening of Canada's efforts in the development and marketing of mineral resources would soon lead to the decline of its role in the world miueral economy."

Jan 1, 1966

By David Thomas, Charles Harper, Brian Watters

The Star-Waddy Lakes area lies withjn the northeasterly-trending early- to mjd-Proterozoic volcanoseilimentary-pl utoruc belt referred to as the La Range Domllin. In the area investigated the domajn is composed of the Central Metavolcaruc Belt which is bordered by metasedimentary belts of the Crew Lake and MacLean Lake Belts to the northwest and southeast respectively. The boundaries between the Central Metavolcanic Belt and the flanking belts are generally marked by prominent zones of shearing. The volcanosed imentary succession is intruded by a variety of ultramafic to felsic plutons which, on the basis of lithology, field relations and geochronology, can be broadly subdivided into three groups or episodes. These are: a) an 'early' (ea. 1866 Ma), possibly subvolcanic, episode marked by composite intrusions ranging from gabbro-diorite to granite, b) an 'intermediate' (ea. 1854 Ma) plutonic event distinguished by more homogeneous felsic intru ions ; and c) a 'later' (ea. 1835 Ma) event characterized by leucocratic quartz-rich grani te intrusions. The La Range Domain has undergone polyphase deformation with a strongly developed northeast-trending structural grain. Large scale folding is manjfested by large regional sy nforms, arcuate and triangular patterns associated with many of the plutons and by tight to isoclinal folds within the adjacent metasedimentary belts. Inhomogeneous strain characterizes much of the Star-Waddy Lakes area. With strain gradients being typically very steep, zones of high strain consisting of zones of extreme extensional fabrics, discrete shearing, as well as broader zones of cataclasis and structural slicing, are often juxtaposed with areas of relatively minimal deformation . Dilation structures tend to favour these zones of highly contrasting strain. Late, brittle fractures, faults and shear zones are widespread and appear to be particularly important as loci for gold mineralization. Metan1orphic mineral assemblages indicate that upper greenschist to middle amphibolite facies conditions were attained. Geological and geochenucal evidence indicates that the Central Metavolcanic Belt evolved in an island arc environment. Metavolcanic rocks from both the Waddy and Star Lakes areas display similar characteristics on variation diagrams (e.g. AFM and the Jensen cation plot) in that the dominant trend is calc-alkaline with some basic to intermediate types having a mildly tholeiitic character. A few samples from the southern end of Lower Waddy lake display komatiitic to basaltic-komatiitic afl'injties. The relatively immobile minor and trace elements (e.g. Ti , Zr, Nb, Y, Cr) provide reliable characterization of the metavolcanics, particularly of the basalts, which have highly distinctive trace element properties. Geochemical patterns for the basalts are similar to those for modem volcanic arc basalts. Low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7017 - 0.7019) are consistent with a subduction-related origin for the volcanics. The major plutons have chemical properties typical of volcanic arc granites and are largely calc-alkaline in character, showing little chemical variation from the volcanics.

Jan 1, 1986

By John B. Phillips

The mine is entered by a central vertical shaft, strongly timbered, and containing two compartments-one for the passenger cage, the other for the large skips bringing the ore to the surface. A man-way, for emergencies, is also provided, parallel to the shaft. The cage is a single-deck steel box, carrying about thirty persons; by means of arrangements above and below, it can also hoist and lower materials needed in the workings. Levels are run at intervals of 100 feet. In special cases, where the ore conditions warrant, sub-levels are operated, such as those at 1,113 feet and 1,123 feet (Fig. 7), which are connected by winzes with the 11 th level. One of these was pushed for 40 feet, and then abandoned because it was unprofitable to take up ore of the grade encountered. The ore between levels is removed by stoping. The drifts follow the course of the veins as much as possible, with numerous cross-cuts. Winzes, raises, connections, etc., are blasted out where needed. The main drifts are at least 8 ft. high by about 9 ft. wide. All former narrow drifts had to be widened sorne time ago, by ruling of the Ontario Department of Mines, to lessen the danger of accidents with cars in the small passages. Accurate plans of the under-ground workings are kept in the office, and extensive surveying is always being done underground to keep the maps up to date, measure the cubical contents of stopes, and so forth. Timber is extensively used in the construction of supports and chutes, and in the sinking of the shaft. Steel and concrete are too expensive to compete with timber, which 1s abundant in such sections as have escaped forest tires.

Jan 1, 1926

By Gordon T. McKenna

"Syncrude Canada Ltd. is developing new concepts in lease-closure landscape design for its Oil Sands Leases 17 and 22 in northeastern Alberta. Closure planning is becoming an integral part of the planning cycles and of the lease operation. By incorporating closure planning into the day-to-day operation, the company will achieve acceptable lease closure in an economical manner. Ultimately, Syncrude will achieve lower operating costs through innovation in mine planning and a reduction in residual liabilities.New concepts being evaluated for lease-closure landscape design include: designing for closure, use of landforms and natural analogs, self-armouring bouldery ground, robustness in design, landform grading, terrain analysis of reclaimed land, geotechnical hazard assessments, choices in closure design timeframes, passive maintenance, determining post-closure monitoring goals, engineering tailings, engineering other substrates, use of test plots and field demonstrations, geomorphologic monitoring of reclaimed lands, defining closure goals, and visiting other mines. These concepts are being formalized under the new discipline of Landscape Engineering."

Jan 1, 1996

By G. C. Baker

Despite the attention belatedly bestowed on tidal power in recent years, it remains largely a potential rather than an actual source of energy. The resource is, practically speaking, non-depletable. Extraction is technically feasible and environmentally acceptable. The restraints against development are economic, and they could be removed by technical improvements, changes in the cost or availability of other energy sources, or simply by a change in the cost of money. The exponential rise in the demand for energy makes it inevitable that the tides will be harnessed sooner or later.

Jan 1, 1972

By J. H. H. Chamberlin

"In the Introduction the author briefly discusses the company history as it relates to the development of its contracts with the Japanese steel mills. The main part of the text describes how Coleman Collieries Limited approached the problem of mining coal profitably in thick, steeply inclined seams. For many years a basic room-andpillar system was worked by conventional methods. Main roadways were driven on strike across the mineable area. These roadways acted as haulage routes for coal, materials and men. Rooms were developed to the rise of the main haulage route by pairs of men using air-operated hand picks. As these rooms advanced the miners would lay and extend a sheetiron chute down which mined coal would gravitate to a controlled loading point, where it was loaded into trains of mine cars. Connecting roadways or ""OFFS"" were driven at predetermined intervals between adjacent rooms, forming pil1ars or blocks. Extraction of the blocks followed on a line conducive to good strata control some distance behind the developing rooms. A need for higher productivity, expansion of the operations and a scarcity of qualified miners resulted in the company deciding to mechanize its underground mines. Joy 6 CM continuous miners and 10 SC shuttle cars were selected as being machines that could reasonably negotiate the problems associated with the pitching seam. The equipment, nonetheless, has definite limitations and Coleman therefore developed a modified version of the room-and-pi11ar system such that the miners and cars could work on cross pitch. In the area described, main roadways were driven to the rise on an average gradient of 12 degrees. Panels, which consisted of two parallel roads with interconnecting cross-cuts, were then developed on strike to a boundary point. Blocks formed in the development of the panels were subsequently extracted on retreat. Problems associated with each phase of the operation are thoroughly discussed, together with roadway support methods and equipment used for the conveyance of coal and materials."

Jan 1, 1972

By William E. Roscoe

"Valuation methods are well established for mineral properties with production or imminent production, and include discounted cash flow and comparable transactions. Valuation methods for non-producing mineral properties, however, are more subjective. Non-producing mineral properties include those at various stages of exploration, properties at the prefeasibility or feasibility stage, properties with currently uneconomic mineral resources, and past-producers. Different valuation methods may be appropriate for different types of mineral properties.Income approach methods such as discounted cash flow and option pricing are generally not applicable to properties at the exploration stage. The market approach is generally appropriate to all types of mineral properties, although it is difficult to find good comparables because of the unique nature of mineral properties and the small number of transactions. Cost approach methods, such as appraised value and geoscience factor, are commonly used for exploration stage properties.Canadian standards and guidelines for valuation of mineral properties are in the process of being finalized by a Special Committee of the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIMVal Committee). The CIMVal Standards are intended to be consistent with National Instrument 43-101, which sets regulatory standards of disclosure for mineral projects, and with International Valuation Standards. The intent of the CIMVal Standards and Guidelines is that mineral property valuation be carried out by appropriately qualified individuals and that all relevant information be disclosed."

Jan 1, 2003

By A. R. Byers

"This paper describes the distribution, occurrence, and paragenesis of known sulphide deposits within an area bounded by longitudes 102°00' to 106°00' west and latitudes 54 ° 301 to 57 °00 1 north. The Precambrian bed-rock which outcrops over all but the southern fringe of the area con- . sists of regional metamorphic assemblages ranging from low grade or green schist facies to high grade or amphibolite-granulite facies. The areas . of low-grade metamorphism correspond to 'islands' of volcanic rocks which are surrounded by highgrade paragneisses and migmatites. Intrusive rocks range in composition from ultrabasic to granitic and may be divided into syntectonic and posttectonic sequences. The average composition of the former is granodiorite and of the latter quartz diorite.The massive sulphide deposits fall naturally on basis of mineral content into the following divisions: ( 1) pyrrhotite and / or pyrite, (2) sphalerite and/ or chalcopyrite plus iron sulphides, (3) sphalerite and galena, ( 4) sulphide-bearing pegmatite, and (5) nickeliferous pyrrhotite and / or chalcopyrite. The deposits of iron sulphides are ubiquitous. Ratio of pyrrhotite to pyrite is fairly constant for individual deposits, but their areal distribution appears to be independent of the nature of the enclosing rock and grade of regional metamorphism. All deposits containing ore-grade quantities of base metals have been concentrated at favourable structural locations. Copper-zinc and lead-zinc deposits appear to be associated with syntectonic granodiorite with the lead-zinc concentrations confined to calc-silicate gneisses. Copper-nickel deposits show a close relationship to post-tectonic gabbros and pyroxenites. The paragenesis is more or less the same for the majority of deposits, with iron sulphides and sphalerite being introduced early and followed by chalcopyrite and galena. Some vertical and / or horizontal zoning is apparent in a few deposits. Temperatures of formation and origin of the deposits are briefly discussed."

Jan 1, 1960

By Frank Martonhegyi

"The objective of this paper is to review the coal basins in the Canadian part of the Western Cordillera to aid their understanding, and to aid in finding and proving places of economic coal mining potential. Coal occurs in eugeosynclinal basins in the Western Cordillera which evolved through three stages: -from systems of volcanic arcs in the Late Jurassic to mid-Cretaceous; -through an intermediate stage with deposition in increasingly restricted successor basins in Jurassic to Early Tertiary; -to a continental stage by the Eocene. Minor coal seams occur usually in late volcanic arc stage sediments bur they can be locally thick as they are on Queen Charlotte Islands. Successor basins usually show a marine-paralic-limnic evolurion. Signijicanr coal deposits occur in the tarter two sequences in the Whirehorse (Tantalus) and Bowser (SkeenaSusrur) basins. Currenr activities are intensive in the more accessible Bowser Basin, for example at Telkwa, Susrut River and on the Groundhog coal field. On Vancouver Island major coal seams occur in cyclic sediments, but the more accessible deposits are mined our. Exploration renewed recently in the less accessible northern part of the Island, for example Quinsam, for surface mineable coal. The Western Cordillera is a mosaic of allochtonous tectonic blocks. They originated from the south and were displaced northward by several hundred kilometres. Many Tertiary coal basins are related to strikeslip transcurrent faults along which the later part of displacement took place, for example the Dawson coal area in the Tintina Trench. Tensional and dipslip normal faulting also created or enhanced sites for thick peat accumulation. For example at Hat Creek 280 m of coal occur in a 550 m section. Secondary structures are often better exploration targets than the main fault zones. Pluvial and alluvial fan environments away from the main drainage are usually the favourable sites for thicker and cleaner coal deposition."

Jan 1, 1985

By H. Hitchen

THE object of this paper is to present the various facts that l1ave been revealed during lengthy investigations into the performance of all types of ropes on different hoisting installations. It then goes on to suggest means by which most of these findings could be usefully employed to obtain more economical rope lives with increased safety. SHAFT HOISTING ROPES Four basic designs of ropes are now employed for hoisting duties: (1) Six-strand, round strand ropes with fibre cores. (2) Six-strand, triangular strand ropes with fibre cores. (3) Non-rotating, multi-strand ropes. 0) Locked coil ropes. Round Strand Ropes (Figure 1) Very solid and reliable ropes can be obtained with this simple geo-metric design of strand. 1'1?iangula1? Strand Ropes (Figure 2) Owing to the fact that the wires in the strands are bent over a triangle, they do not seat quite so solidly as when they are bent over a circular core wire, as is the case with

Jan 1, 1963

By R. K. Netolitzky

The Weedy Lake, Tower Lake, and Wedge Lake gold deposits illustrate contrasting styles and different ages of mineralization within the same district. The discovery of these deposits was the result of systematic exploration of gold occurrences noted during research of assessment files. The Weedy Lake and Tower Lake depo its reflect a late-stage gold mineralizing event. The e deposits developed along the same major structural break, and also display simi lar mineralogy and alteration patterns. Mineralization is developed in all the lithologies present. The Wedge Lake property, while having occurrences similar to the Weedy and Tower deposits. has the more important Twin Zone which best fits a volcanogenic exhalative model. The Twin Zone has a complex structural history without a recognizable alteration halo. The setting may be proximal to a hydrothermal vent. Mineralization is hosted within a mixed ulphide/oxide/silicate facies iron formation breccia. and the gold is intimately associated with arsenopyrite. The origin and age of the brecciation is key to understanding the mineralizing event. Traditional prospecting procedures in conjunction with conventional B-horizon soil geochemistry were instrumental in the Twin Zone and Weedy lake disco,•eries. Tower Lake was a prospecting discovery partially defined by previous drill programs. This deposit was also identified by B-horizon oil sampling.

Jan 1, 1986

By William J. Purdy

Successful design, operation and completion of a surface waste management facility for a diamond mine located in Canada?s northern environment requires careful planning to minimize short and long term environmental impacts. As part of the mine development application process, best practice standards were applied using conventional engineering to reduce the environmental effects of the mine waste facility at the Snap Lake Diamond Project. This paper presents the design criteria, site conditions, material characteristics and engineering management objectives considered for optimization of the development plan. Insight into the engineering analyses, development alternatives, monitoring program and reclamation strategy plan to be undertaken during mine operations to provide opportunity for adaptive management and to minimize environmental impacts is provided.

May 1, 2004

By S. Hoskins, S. Chiovelli

"The annual budget for the repair and maintenance of equipment at Syncrude Canada Ltd. is in excess of $450 million. Of this amount, a significant portion can be attributed to the loss of material on various pieces of equipment throughout the operation. In order to effectively battle the different wear and corrosion mechanisms that lead to material loss, it is important to understand how materials behave in the environments in which they are used. Through the work carried out at Syncrude, and work conducted with various external collaborators, significant improvements in both equipment reliability and productivity have been achieved. This paper will review some recent field trials where materials research has demonstrated the potential for significant improvements in equipment run life and reduced maintenance costs. These field trials will demonstrate the need for understanding the interaction between various damage mechanisms and the materials used in different services. The paper will also discuss current areas of focus along with future directions for further work. IntroductionSyncrude Canada Ltd, located in northern Alberta, Canada, operates a mining, extraction, and upgrading facility that removes bitumen from oil sand to produce synthetic crude oil. Oil sand is mined from the orebody using conventional open pit mining techniques. Recently, the mining scheme has changed from a dragline/bucketwheel/conveyor system to a shovel/truck/crusher/hydrotransport operation as depicted in Figure 1. Since the start of production in 1978, the identification, development and application of wear protection has been an ongoing challenge due to the abrasive nature of the oil sands and the massive volumes of materials that are moved. The use of various materials and application processes along with component design modifications has resulted in significant improvements in both productivity and reliability (Adamic et al., 1995; Llewellyn, 1996, 1997; Anderson et al., 1998; Chiovelli et al., 1998).In an effort to continuously improve the operation, Syncrude has been quick to adopt new wear technologies. As seen in Figure 2, since the start of operation, a variety of materials have been used to increase wear performance and ultimately equipment reliability and availability. Although Figure 2 does not show a time axis, the bottom axis may also be used to represent a time progression for the predominate use of these materials at Syncrude. Tungsten carbide metal matrix composite (WC-MMC) overlays are currently the materials of choice for most of Syncrude’s critical production applications. Metal matrix composite overlay technology has potential for significant improvements and Syncrude is actively working with powder consumable manufacturers to advance this technology."

Jan 1, 2004

By Paul R. Clark

Outline ? Coal As An Energy Resource ? Canadian Clean Power Coalition ? Phase I of the CCPC Project ? CO2 capture options ? Gasification ? CO2 use ? Results ? Phase II Plans ? Next Steps TransAlta - Profile ? 9,726 megawatts (MW) of capacity ? 46,877 gigawatt hours (GWh) produced at an average plant availability of 88.4% ? 47 facilities in four geographies: Canada; the U.S.; Mexico; and Australia ? Fuel mix of coal (62%), gas (26%), hydro and renewables (12%) ? 23.2 million tonnes of coal mined ? 47.0 million gigajoules (GJ) of gas consumed

May 1, 2004

By Rick Hyndman

? Context: Ø Global action on climate change ? The situation of trade-exposed industry sectors ? The federal government?s draft plan for industry ? CAPP?s position ? Canadian emissions & Canada?s Kyoto target Simple Economic Theory of Dealing with Externalities ? Put cost on emissions Ø Carbon tax Ø Emission trading with auctioned permits ? GHG costs get reflected in the prices of energy alternatives, goods & services Ø Decisions driven by changes in relative prices ? Switching to lower emission fuels ? More energy efficient ways of producing ? More energy efficient appliances, cars, housing ? Reduced demand for energy intensive goods & services ? Anticipation of higher CO2 price drives low CO2 technology Development

Nov 1, 2002

By C. S. Lord

"The Regal Silver mine is 5 miles north-northwest of Albert canyon; a station on the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway; 21 miles east of Revelstoke; British Columbia.Development, commenced in 1918, comprises more than 8,000 feet of workings from six adits, one of which extends into the Regal Silver property from the adjacent Snowflake ground. Production has been limited to a little tungsten concentrate recovered recently from a few r..undred tons of ore treated in a small underground mill. The property has received some attention as a possible source of tin. The deposits are large quartz veins containing irregular sulphide bodies. Ore minerals normally make up less than 1 per cent of the veins and include pyrite, galena, sphalerite, scheelite, and stannite. The veins are approximately parallel with the bedding of the enclosing graphitic, siliceous to calcareous, slates and argillites. These strata are of Precambrian age, strike about northwest, and dip northeast. No other rocks are known in the vicinity of the workings . Granitic rocks, intrusive into t'he sediments, outcrop 4 miles to the southwest and 7 miles to the northeast and may underlie the property at no great depth."

Jan 1, 1954

By T. Schmidt, H. Assadi, F. Gartner, H. Kreye

Among all spraying processes, cold spraying has attracted a special attention in recent years, both as a coating - and more recently - as a rapid manufacturing technique. The interest in this process is mainly because of the fact that the deposition of spray material takes place at moderately low temperatures, and thus, oxidation and unfavourable microstructural changes can be alleviated. In this process, a highly compressed gas, flowing through a de Laval nozzle, accelerates the particles of the spray powder to high velocities of up to 1200 m/s. Although there is no melting of particles prior to impact on the substrate, cold-sprayed deposits can be denser and more tightly bonded as compared to the equivalent deposits produced by conventional thermal spraying methods. The present contribution focuses on this unique aspect of cold spraying. Modelling of particle impact, combined with various experimental observations, is employed to illustrate that bonding of particles and hence material deposition occurs through shear instability - associated with severe plastic deformation and localized heat generation - at the interacting surfaces of particles and substrate. The results of modelling also provide an insight to the influence of material and process parameters on the critical velocity and on the microstructural properties of cold-sprayed deposits.

Jan 1, 2006

By Gilles Carrière

"The Huntingdon mine of Quebec Copper Corporation is situated 3 miles south of the village of Eastman, in the Eastern Townships of Quebec. The copper deposit consists of several pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite replacement bodies or bands.The first mining operations on the conspicuous surface gossan of the Huntingdon deposit started in 1865. They were suspended in 1883. The .mine was again active from 1890 to 1893 and from 1912 to 1924. These operations were carried to a depth of 500 feet, and it is estimated that some 150,000 tons of ore were extracted, of a grade reported as varying between 3 Yi and 7 per cent copper.In 1950 a program of exploration was initiated in the area of the old mine, and resulted in the finding of 500,000 tons of ore with a grade of 2 per cent copper. A new shaft was sunk to a depth of 1,160 feet, and by February 1954 the mine was extracting 800 tons of ore daily.General Geology and StructureThe mineralized zones are on the west side of a band of altered volcanic rock, locally called andesite, adjacent to a sill-like body of serpentinized peridotite which lies west of the andesite. The bands of andesite and serpentine extend several miles north and south of the mine. Their strike is generally north 15 degrees east, and they dip steeply east. Their widths vary very considerably along the strike, but in the mine area each is about 450 feet wide on surface. They are enclosed in sediments of the Caldwell series, consisting of greywackes, quartzites, slates, and shales. The andesite belongs to the same series, which is thought to be of Cambrian age (1). The ultrabasic intrusive is post-Ordovician.At p\aces along the serpentine contact the andesite shows a pronounced schistosity; it is parallel to the contact and rarely extends farther than a hundred feet from it. No evidence of strong folding or faulting has been found so far in the mine workings. Some apparent distortions and irregularities in the strike of the contact may all be due to the intrusive nature of the serpentine. In the mine area, transgressive tongues of serpentine point southward in the andesite.A few vertical lamprophyre dykes, not more than five feet thick, cut the other formations at right angles."

Jan 1, 1949

By H. Clare Horwood

"Three types of structures, the main shear zone, the north shear zone, and a series of hanging-wall fractures, contain all the orebodies so far discovered at the McKenzie Red Lake mine. Lenses and veins of quartz in these zones and fractures are the sources of the ore. The ore-bearing structures are unusual in that they are in a complex intrusive mass known as the McKenzie-Gold Eagle stock. They are believed to have been produced by compressive stresses from the south andsouthwest.The mine is on the northeast side of McKenzie island, in Dome township in the central part of the Red Lake area. The original discovery, the main shear zone, was made in 1928, about 3 years after the property was staked, by M. L. Bouzan who was in charge of prospecting and development work on the property. Subsequent diamond drilling and underground exploration led to the installation of a mill, which came into production early in 1935. The hanging-wall fractures were found branching out from the main shear zone during development work on the 350-foot level. The north shear zone was discovered in 1940.From 1935 when the mill began operation until the end of 1946 total production from the mine was approximately 269,349 oz. gold and 69,317 oz. silver, having a value of $9,679,739, recovered from 823,527 tons of ore.GENERAL GEOLOGYThe McKenzie-Gold Eagle stock has a total length of approximately 1 ½ miles and a width of about ½ mile. It was intruded into a complex synclinal fold in Timiskaming sediments. The sediments, which have been cut in only one place in the underground workings, are principally wellbedded greywackes. The stock is composed of large masses of diorite and granodiorite, a small mass of hornblende pyroxenite, and basic dykes of two ages. The diorite occurs as irregular masses in large measure surrounded by the granodiorite that it intrudes. It contains tabular crystals of andesine, having a maximum length of3/4 inch. The hornblende pyroxenite is an elongated lens or dyke in the diorite. The granodiorite masses occupy about two-thirds of the stock. Along its eastern side the main mass tends to become darker and more dioritic toward the diorite contact.Basic dykes of pre-vein and post-vein age are the youngest intrusive rocks at the mine."

Jan 1, 1954