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By H. B. Fuqua, B. E. Thompson

The area discussed herein, commonly known as the North Texas district, embraces the following 10 counties: Archer, Baylor, Clay, Cooke, Foard, Hardeman, Knox, Montague, Wichita and Wilbarger. It is underlain by two major structural features. The northernmost portion of the district, including Cooke, Montague, northern Clay, Wichita, Wilbarger, Foard and Hardeman counties, is underlain by the system of buried mountains known as the Red River uplift, which is parallel to and closely related to the Wichita-Amarillo uplift of Oklahoma and the Texas Panhandle. While the presence of a great majority of the numerous oil fields of the area is traceable to this feature, the production in Archer, southwestern Clay and southeastern Baylor counties is due to the influence of what is known as the Cisco Arch (so called because of its influence on Cisco deposition), the axis of which extends in a northwest-southeast direction across Archer County. It has been impossible for the authors to isolate the statistics for production for each of the many small pools of this district, as such statistics are not kept by the operators except for the district as a whole, therefore Tables 1 and 2 are comparatively short. The number of wells

Jan 1, 1935

By Charles E. Hall

The Crimora mine, operated by the American Manganese Company, Limited, is located 21/2 miles east of Crimora station, 011 the Shenandoah Valley railroad, in Augusta county, Virginia. It is situated in a basin at the western base of the range of mountains which flanks the Shenandoah Valley on the east. This range is composed of the Potsdam sandstone (No. I. of the Pennsylvania survey), and extends in a northeasterly-southwesterly direction the entire length of the valley. The general dip of the measures is westward. The massive sandstone of the mountain is geologically overlaid with shales or slates, which belong to the Potsdam, or lie between it and the Lower Silurian limestone. Throughout this region these shales are decomposed, and form more or less extensive clay deposits, which are found along the base of the range and often underlie a considerable area to the westward of the abrupt slope of the range. Sand and fragments of quartzite occur in considerable quantities on the surface, and often conceal the true character of the underlying formation. The area containing this ore-deposit extends northeast and south-

Jan 1, 1892

By J. D. Vincent

During the history of man, the term concentration has had many meanings. Early in history, it may have been construed to mean sorting and smelting. Not many years ago, its definition included only the physical beneficiation processes. Today, and in this article, the term concentration is taking on the meaning of beneficiation and chemical processing, or either separately. An alternate definition could be: concentration is the process of recovering and upgrading an element or nonmetallic mineral so that the product can be used or refined for the needs of man. For the purpose of this article, concentration will have the same connotation as it does in the mineral industry, which has come to include processing methods such as leaching and chlorinization under this heading. Usually, smelting techniques and electrorefining are excluded and classified under the heading of refining. Using the broad definition of concentration, the areas of mining processing include not only the physical beneficiation processes and flotation but also hydrometallurgy and vapor-metallurgy. These methods include sorting, sizing, crushing and grinding, gravity concentrating, magnetic processing and flotation as well as hydrometallurgy and vapor- metallurgical processing.

Jan 1, 1971

Discussion of the paper of Robert Franke, presented at the Butte meeting, August, 1913, and printed in Bulletin No. 79, July, 1913, pp. 1201 to 1205. ARTHUR 0. GATES, Lafayette, Ind. (communication to the Secretary*) :-In connection with the comparison of mechanical crushing efficiencies in Tables I and II of Mr. Franke's paper, I wish to suggest a somewhat simpler way of making this' comparison, based upon what the writer has called the "crushing-surface diagram," as published by him in the Engineering and Mining Journal for May 24, 1913. Such a diagram, based on the data given in Table II, is submitted herewith, Fig. 1, cumulative percentages being plotted as abscissas and reciprocals of diameters (theoretical mesh per inch). plotted as ordinates.. Such a diagram averages the diameters without calculation, and areas upon it are proportional to surface produced, and, in accordance with Rittinger's law, to energy spent on crushing alone.

Jan 11, 1913

US 4,183,794 - Electrowinning zinc from a zinc sulfate solution produced by leaching zinc ore with sulfuric acid. The leach liquor is subjected to electrolysis in a first cell having an insoluble anode to deposit primary zinc on the common electrode. The coated electrode is transferred to a second cell having an alkaline electrolyte, and electrolysis is effected in the second cell to transfer zinc from the common electrode to the second cell cathode in a spongelike form which is readily stripped. R.H.C.L. Ross. Jan 15, 1980. 10 pp. (204-119). Filed: 12-22-77 (863,190). Same: Canadian 1,051,820, dated Apr. 3, 1979.

Jan 1, 1982

By E. Richard Randolph, Rolland L. Blake, Stanley H. Ward, Gerald J. Anderson

During the last 30 years the inductive electro- magnetic method has been used chiefly in the search for massive sulphide mineralization. This application has met with varying degrees of success and in recent years has resulted in discovery of several large orebodies. Little has been written concerning its use in exploration for soft iron ores, but one of the present authors has reported on experiments with massive magnetic deposits. To augment the exploration tools available to geologists in delineating iron orebodies, Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Co. and McPhar Geophysics Ltd. undertook in 1953 to apply the inductive electromagnetic method to Cleveland-Cliffs properties in the Lake Superior region. As a result of this project, equipment has been developed that enables simultaneous transmission of two audio frequency waves, and the field technique and interpretative procedure involved have furthered exploration in the district significantly.

Nov 1, 1955

ENGINEERS AVAILABLE (Under this heading will be published notes sent to the Secretary of the Institute of members or other persons introduced by members.) Member, Cornell M. E., graduate, aged 31, married. Will soon complete 2 years' engagement in the Russian oil fields. Eight years' practical experience in drilling for and producing oil. Can speak Russian fluently and some French and German. Open for engagement. Interview after August 15, in the United States. No. 299. Metallurgist, four years' experience in electric furnace operation on steel, ferro-alloys and smelting of ores, both practical and research, desires position as metallurgist or superintendent. No. 314. Member, technical mining graduate. 5 years' experience in coal and metal mines and construction work. Married. Aged 27. Employed at present. Interview in Salt Lake City or Denver. No. 316. Member, American, aged 39, married, desires position as superintendent or mine superintendent. 14 years' experience in opencut and underground work. 12 years' Spanish, Portugese, Cuban and Mexican labor. Fluent Spanish. Good training in first aid and safety first. Specialty of high explosives and steam-shovel work. Good costs. Go anywhere, but tropics preferred. References. Interview, New York or Philadelphia, No. 318.

Jan 10, 1916

By August E. Vandale

Mining of the Freeport and Pittsburgh coal seams in the Pittsburgh vicinity dates back more than 100 years, and Consolidation Coal Co., or its predecessor, Pittsburgh Coal Co., has been actively mining in the area since 1900. Over the years, Consol has acquired good legal title to the coal lands purchased from individual farm owners, with broad mining rights, and in 98% or more of its title holdings, the company has a complete waiver of surface damage or the right to subside the surface land. (Titles in Pennsylvania can be in three forms: title in fee; title to the mineral; or mining rights permitting the removal and extraction of the mineral with or without waiver of surface damage.) In the early history of Consol, individual farms overlying the seams were purchased from land owners. Many of these titles severed the coal estate from the "in fee" title, and mining rights with waiver of surface damage were conveyed in the original severance deed. In this manner, Consol was able to put together its large mineable coal reserves. Consol has practiced "full recovery" mining as far as practical from its early years of hand loading to the recent era of mechanization.

Jan 9, 1967

This symposium is based on material presented at the AIME Annual Meeting in New York, February 1958. Co-Chairmen of the panel discussion were Truman H. Kuhn, Colorado School of Mines, and J. E. Monroe, Freeport Sulphur Co. Panel members are listed above. In opening the meeting Chairman Monroe pointed out that both industry and education have their special problems and that the purpose of this and similar discussion groups is to bring together members from both industry and education in order to help solve their problems.

Jan 6, 1958

By S. S. Clarke, Douglas C. Brockie

Longhole underground drilling has been carried on in the Tri-State area at various times over the past 35 years or more. W. F. Netzeband reported on this topic in 1926 and in 1930. More recently it has been found that in certain areas of the Picher field, Oklahoma, and under certain conditions, the jackleg or jumbo-mounted drifters can be used more economically and to greater advantage than surface churn drillholes for prospecting. To understand better the problems involved in Eagle-Picher's longhole prospecting program it would be helpful to cover the geologic criteria affecting it. Much has been written about the geology of the Picher field. A more complete description than that given here can be found in a recent paper by J. P. Lyden.

Jan 1, 1956

By Thomas Connolly

The Homestake Mine is situated in the northern portion of the Black Hills of South Dakota in a series of steeply dipping and highly folded Precambrian Rocks. The ore bodies are localized along plunging anticlinal and synclinal folds which are locally called "ledges." The gold bearing ore is confined mainly in the Homestake formation which is an iron-magnesium carbonate series of rocks. The individual ore bodies are pipe or lense-shaped zones which plunge 30º to 75º from the horizontal. These ore bodies range from 10 to 100 feet wide and 50 to 400 feet along the strike. Gold values are erratically distributed in a gangue consisting of cummingtonite schist, sideroplesite schist, quartz, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, chlorite schist and ankerite. Usually the ore bodies dip at 70° to 80º and often have folded shapes like "fish hooks" or "troughs." Ore grades must be determined by extensive sampling and all mining is based on assay control.

Jan 3, 1974

EUGENE WESLEY SHAW,* Washington, D. C. (written discussion ?).-Studies of the probable future production of oil wells and fields-particularly those in the nature of the recent work by Lewis and Beal, having the object of increasing the percentage of recovery-rank, in both practical and theoretic value, very high, if indeed they do not outrank all other petroleum investigations except structural surveys. Even such surveys, although saving untold millions that might have been spent in prospecting unpromising territory, may have less ultimate value than generally supposed, for it may perhaps be argued that much if not most of the condemned territory will sooner or later be tested-some is already productive-and the most that can be rightly claimed is the recovery of cream first; also that the consumption of the richest portions first cannot be extenuated, as it might with some resources, on the ground that if the best is not taken now it will deteriorate.

Jan 5, 1918

By Gerard A. Flierman

INTRODUCTION There is a lot of discussion about the relative merits of sinter and pellets as components of a BF-burden. Many people claim that sinter is to be preferred and that the percentage of pellets in the burden must be restricted to 20%. During BF-trials in IJmuiden various amounts of pellets having various basicities were tried. It was concluded that there were no significant differences in furnace performance. Consequently the choice between sinter and pellets must be based on the local manufacturing costs (1). Table 1 gives a summary of the pellet experience in IJmuiden. [ ] Because the BF-trials were relatively short, a survey of published BF-operating data has been undertaken to investigate if differences between a sinter and pellet based BF- practice could be found. The comparison of BF-operating results has been restricted to coke rate and productivity.

Jan 1, 1977

By R. T. Carter

THE phase behavior of a number of binary systems consisting of paraffin hydro-carbons has been determined in recent years. In addition, the composition of the coexisting phases of mixtures of crude oil and natural gas has been investigated.1 However, the latter study did not include information concerning the influence of the concentration of a component upon its distribution between two coexisting phases. Owing to the paucity of such information it was considered desirable to investigate in some detail the composition of the co-existing phases in the methane-propane-n-pentane system throughout the greater part of the two-phase region at a tempera-ture of 100°F. Information of this nature also permits the establishment of the critical behavior of this ternary system.

Jan 1, 1940

By R. E. Hanneman, A. N. Mariano

In conjunction with the need for accurate volumetric data in the Fe-V system for subsequent use in calculating the high-pressure diagrams, room- and high-temperature X-ray diffraction measurements have been carried out. No previous measurements have been published on lattice parameters or volume changes associated with the a transformation for Fe-V alloys. The existing literature on lattice-parameter data for the a and s phases has been reviewed by pearson1 with considerable uncertainty indicated in the data. In order to obtain a good estimate of ?Va-? for thermodynamic calculations of the a D ?(bee D fee) phase stability, high-temperature vacuum X-ray diffraction measurements were made on an Fe-V alloy of 0.92 wt pet V. The term ?Va-? is the difference of molar volumes of the limiting solubilities of the a and y phases at any given temperature; these values can be calculated readily from the appropriate lattice-parameter data. The equipment used was a commercially available MRC (Materials Research Corp.) high-temperature X-ray camera which was fitted to a Norelco diffractometer

Jan 1, 1964

By Jules E. Jenkins

In the past quarter century the seismograph has I played an increasingly important role in evaluating vibratory effects transmitted to adjacent communities by industrial blasting operations. In this period research has advanced through two major phases-from falling pin seismometers to three- component recording seismographs. The initial phase of this research is now regarded as the era of recording, during which the seismograph merely recorded occasional events. It has emerged from this stage into the era of control and analysis and in this later period has been recognized as a full-fledged industrial tool. Although the falling pin machines of earlier years indicated probable amplitudes of industrial blasting vibrations, they gave no reliable measure of such displacements, nor did they provide essential information concerning direction or frequency of motion.

May 1, 1956

By Douglas Ragland

Two subjects certain to incite interest among a few practicing engineers and almost all engineering educators are professional recognition and decline in engineering enrollments. It is not surprising that this interest on the part of the educators is universal; it is only regrettable that such an interest on the part of the practitioners is not more widespread. In fact, it is probably the hope of the profession that some of the more penetrating searches now being made into the nature of engineering will generate sufficient cause for perplexity that members of the profession will assume a significant degree of personal concern toward purely professional matters.

Jan 1, 1963

By D. T. Van Zandt

IN the late 1920's rotary drills began to replace the churn drills in the petroleum industry, but until the middle 1940's the churn drill was the only widely accepted means of drilling large-diameter blastholes for quarry operations. The Calcite plant of the Michigan Limestone Div., U. S. Steel Corp., was one of the first to experiment with rotary drills for quarry blasthole drilling, and the first to employ compressed air on a fully rotary rig to cool the bit and raise the cuttings to the collar of the blasthole.

Jan 8, 1954

Abbott, Argyle Campbell 1209 Sherwin Ave, Chicago, ILL. '29 Almstrom, Adne A., Student, Met. Engrg, Washington State College Pullman, Wash. '29 Ankedinoff, N., School of Mines, Univ. of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah. '30 Apter, Robert F., Student, McGill Univ Montreal, Que., Canada. '30 Bailey, Donald G 798 1/2 Kensington Rd., Los Angeles, Cal. '29 Baker, Kenneth B., Met, Aluminum Co. of America Pittsburgh, Pa. '29 Barger, Thomas, Student, Univ of North Dakota Grand Forks, N D '23 Bartholomees, Geo. C Box 304, Bonne Terre, Mo. '29 Bates, Walter, Student, Univ. of Utah, School of Mines . Salt Lake City, Utah '30 Bobb. Russell V. . 16 College Ave., Houghton, Mich. '29 Boswell, John C., Stripping Asst, Fairbanks Exploration Co Fairbanks, Alaska '29 Brandenburg, E. C., Student, Univ of Kentucky 112 Church St, Lexington, Ky '29 Brannen, John, Chemist, Assay Office, Consolidated Min & Smelt Co. of Canada, Ltd , Tadanac, B. C , Canada '29

Jan 1, 1923

It is too late to gloat over the fact that minerals have furnished 67 per cent of the primary wealth of Pennsylvania. It is high time that Pennsylvanians do some constructive thinking in terms of the present and future with regard to the remaining mineral heritage.1 The discovery of a deposit of pyrophyllite in the South Mountain region of the Cumberland Valley indeed emphasizes the increased importance of a more exact inventory of the metal and mineral resources of Pennsylvania. Active geological work and research have been in progress for many years, but the surface has been little more than scratched. The results obtained thus far in survey and research have been extremely beneficial to the Commonwealth and a fundamental hub of its industrial development. But these activities are wholly inadequate in the face of rising demands for the future. The need for an accelerated program to continue a study of Pennsylvania's mineral resources on a more intensive scale was never more acute.2 In part, this has been caused by the insatiable demands of industry. It has been caused also by wasteful use and ignorance.

Jan 1, 1950