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By AIME AIME

ON April 7 the twentieth national Open-hearth Conference of the A.I.M.E. will be held in Birming¬ham, Ala., in conjunction with a meeting of the Committee on Blast Furnaces and Raw Materials. At least 300 engineers and operators are expected to attend. Birmingham, the industrial city and iron, and steel center of the South, has been called the "Magic City." Men actively engaged in business in Birmingham today have seen practically every building in the business district erected, have witnessed the establishment of every existing industry, and have hunted birds cm the site now one of the busiest corners of the business district. Incorporated as a town in 1871, the city today has a population of more than 380,000 in its metropolitan area. It is

Jan 1, 1937

By AIME AIME

THE second meeting of 'the Open-Hearth Committee, 'sub-division of the Iron and Steel Committee of this Institute, was held at the Hotel Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio; on Oct. 13-15. On Oct: 12, the Open-Hearth Superintendents visited the plants of the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co. and. the Republic Iron and Steel Co. These men were courteously entertailled by the two companies and every facility for a thorough inspection was furnished. Luncheon was severed at the plant bf the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co. The meeting was opened Tuesday morning with addresses by J. V. W. Reynders, President of the Institute, and Herbert M. Boylston, Chairman of the Ohio Section of the Institute. E. A. Whitworth, of the Gathmann Engineering Co., presided at the meeting and L. B. Lindeinuth was secretary.

Jan 1, 1925

(Members are urged to send in for this column any notes of interest concerning themselves or their fellow-members.) Members and guests who registered at Institute headquarters during February: Paul S. King, Wilmington, Del. William Kelly, Vulcan, Mich. A. Del Mar, South Pasadena, Cal. F. H. Armstrong, Vulcan. Mich. T. D. Babbitt, Nampa, Idaho. Reginald E. More, Toronto, Canada. H. L. Williams, Newtonville, Mass. Tom M. Owen, Broken Hill, Australia. F. W. Bacorn, Pittsburg, Pa. Percy E. Barbour, Candor, N. C. Huntington. Adams, Mexico, D. F. Karl Nibecker, Youngstown, Ohio. Clifton B. Johnson, New. York, N. Y. G. A. Reinhardt, Youngstown, Ohio. W. Spencer Hutchinson, Boston, Mass. Herbert B. Cox, Boston, Mass. F. Louis Grammer, Leesburg, Va. E. C. Pechin, Buchanan, Va. H. C. H. Carpenter, London, England.

Jan 3, 1914

By O. Mellgren, A. M. Gaudin, P. L. De Bruyn

In the January 1956 issue: TP 4137B. Adsorption of Ethyl Xanthate on Pyrite. By A. M. Gaudin, P. L. de Bruyn, and Olav Mellgren. P. 65. Since P. L. de Bruyn is now a member of the AIME, the word "associate" should be removed in describing his status. The address of the third author, Olav Mellgren, should read: 74-2 Chingola, N. Rhodesia. P. 68, second paragraph, last line: the word "300-fold" should be replaced by "3000-fold." Also in the January 1956 issue: TP 4158B. Energy Transfer by Impact. By R. J. Charles and P. L. de Bruyn. The authors wish to express their disapproval of the omission of the abstract from the article, since they believe that an abstract fulfills a very important function in every paper.

Jan 1, 1957

[ ] S. H. Ash (Mining Industry Continues with Lower Fatal-Injury Rates, P. 257) was born in Roslyn, Wash. and attended Lehigh University and University of Washington. He received a B.S. and E.M. degree in mining engineering. Mr. Ash was supervising engineer in charge of work of Safety Div., Bureau of Mines, eastern Pennsylvania and the states of N. Y., Del., N. J. and the New England states. He was appointed chief engineer of Metal and Nonmetal Mining Section of the Mineral Production Security Div., Bureau of Mines, July 1942. At present he is chief engineer, Safety Branch, U. S. Bureau of Mines. Besides holding membership in AIME, he is a member of National Honorary Engineering Society, Society of American Military Engineers, Tau Beta Pi and many other societies.

Jan 1, 1952

By AIME AIME

THE world was not quite ready for Hal Marsh when he emerged from the California Institute of Technology in 1922 with a Bachelor of Science degree in mechanical engineering, so, finding no promising job, he went back on a fellowship for another year. He wound up his responsibilities to it on a Saturday in June, 1923, went to work for the General Petroleum Corp. of California the next Monday morning, and has been there ever since. His present position is that of "production engineer." As such, his duties are miscellaneous and vague, but may mostly be described as investigation of equipment and methods pertaining to drilling and the production of oil, with occasionally a bit of design. He has written important papers for the A.I.M.E., American

Jan 1, 1936

By Freeman Bishop

Senator Henry M. Jackson t D. Wash.) recently tossed a live grenade into the hardrock mining industry with proposed legislation to change provisions of the law governing Federally owned mineral values. Title Two of the measure would place hardrock mining agreements on a leasing basis similar to that which has applied to oil and gas since 1920. Known as the "Public Domain Lands Organic Act 01 1971" or S.921, the bill would monitor exploration by heavy machinery which ran destroy fragile ecology without any requirement for restoration or rehabilitation." Jackson said. Abandoned mining claims, lie continued, dot the public domain, "casting clouds upon the title to property which belongs to all the people.” and a minerals leasing system is "the most practical way of achieving the proper balance."

Jan 1, 1971

By Freeman Bishop

Having obviously cleared the way for fast confirmation by the Senate Interior Committee, the Administration recently named Elburt F. Osborn, vice president of Penn State University, as director of the Bureau of Mines. Interior Committee Chairman Henry M. Jackson (D of Wash.) has moved hearings on the nomination right along, forecasting that they will end in a confirmation. Dr. Osborn not only made a good impression on the Committee, he also made it amply clear that he would be the boss of his job and have right-hand aides to help straighten out conflicts stemming from recently enacted health and safety regulations for miners. Mining engineers in the field hope this clarification can come soon. They are frankly fed up with local, state, regional and national overlapping of restrictions.

Jan 1, 1970

By J. B. Morrow

AMONG the most notable of Canada's many contributions to the personnel of the mining industry in the United States is J. B. Morrow, born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, April 9, 1886. Soon after completing his schooling at Dalhousie University in 1906 he emigrated to Arizona and Kew Mexico, via Cobalt and Larder Lake, Ontario. After preliminary experience in sampling and mucking he was employed by the Phelps Dodge Corp., first as chemist at the Copper Queen smelter, then, in 1908, with the Corporation's Stag Canyon coal branch at Dawson, N. M., in various capacities fro111 chemist to coke oven and coke department superintendent, and finally as general outside superintendent. While with Phelps he had some contact with the late Dr. Douglas, of whose industrial methods he has always been a great admirer.

Jan 1, 1937

By AIME AIME

MINING geology has been at once the vocation and avocation of John M. Boutwell, newly elected Director of the Institute representing Utah and Colorado. Geologists were looked at askance by most of the "big" men in mining when, from 1896 to 1900. Mr. Boutwell was teaching geology at Harvard, his alma neater; and his success in applying geologic principles to the business of finding ore contributed much to changing the attitude of scepticism. From 1900 to 1908 lie was with the U. S. Geological Survey, with service in Bingham, Utah; Morenci, Ariz.; and Park City, Utah. Since then he has been engaged in private practice as a consulting mining geologist retained by many of the leading mining companies. A dozen men now recognized as outstanding geologists got their early

Jan 1, 1937

By AIME AIME

In the uniform of his country for the second time, Harry Phillip Stolz. Chairman of the A.I.M.E. Petroleum Division, holds a commission as Lieutenant-Commander in the Naval Reserve and is attached to the office of Inspector of Naval Petroleum Reserves in California. During World War I he left his studies at Stanford University to join the Army and was granted a commission as Second Lieutenant of Infantry. He remained in the Army Reserve until 1938 when he resigned to accept a commission as a member of the Naval Petroleum Reserves Advisory Board. Born in San Francisco Jan. 29,1899, where his father had lived since 1880, he was in that city during the turbulent year of 1906 where the city was ravaged by fire and earthquake.

Jan 1, 1942

A meeting of the Board of Directors was held in the Council Room of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, Interior Building, Washington, D. C., on Friday, June 21, 1918, at 4 p. m. Twelve members of the Board, the Secretary of the Institute, and nine guests were present. Upon the petition of 28 members of the Institute residing in or near Washington, D. C., a Washington Section was authorized. A committee was appointed to nominate officers and prepare a set of by-laws. The report of the Treasurer was presented in writing, accepted, and ordered filed. Thirty-nine members, 12 associates and 8 junior associates were elected. Two members were reinstated. One resignation was accepted. The dues of 64 members were suspended on account of their being on active war duty.

Jan 8, 1918

By Bailey, Lewis Newton

Bailey, Lewis Newton, Master Engineer, Senior Grade, 4th Regiment, U. S. Engineers, Headquarters Company, died of pneumonia at Camp Merritt, N. J., on Apr. 30, 1918. Baird, Louis, Lieut., Royal Field Artillery, British Army, died on the battlefield in 1915. Ballamy, John H., Capt., 103d Engineers, killed in action near Fismes, Aug. 9, 1918. Bowles, Martin F., 2d Lieut., Co. B, 355th Infantry, killed in action, Sept. 3, 1918. Burt, Andrew, died in active service, 1916. Cobeldick, William Morley, Royal Engineers, died from gas poisoning on Oct. 7, 1915. Dougall, Ralph, 4th University Co., Princess Patricia Regiment, killed in action early in the war. Evans, Alfred Winter, Lieut.-Col., New Zealand Rifle Brigade, D. S. 0., D. C. M., killed in action on Oct. 12, 1917.

Jan 3, 1919

By T. N. Singh, B. Singh

SUMMARY. The supports account for over 501 of the total expenditure for a longwall face. The success and economics of a face depend upon the optimum selection of type and density of the supports. Empirical solutions involving uncertain safety factor are replaced by a geo-mining approach developed at OMRS in which the support resistance is defined by the stability index of the roof rock mass and the failure pattern of the immediate roof. The paper gives the methodology adopted to define the support resistance for Alkusha colliery longwall face of Jharia coalfield (India). The stability index of the roof mass varied from 218 to 520 for the individual beds and 1100 to 1374 for the immediate roof mass. The exact support resistance for the condition was found to be 42 t/m2.

Jan 1, 1982

By AIME AIME

FOUK fields of activity are now recognized by the A.I.M.E. in its award of medals for conspicuous achievement: the Saunders medal for mining, the Douglas medal for non- ferrous metallurgy the Lucai medal for petroleum, and the Rand medal for distinguished achievement in the broad field of mining administration including the organization and development of enterprises in all branches of the mineral industry. This last is known officially as the Charles F. Rand Memorial Medal, and it award is made possible through funds supplied by the Charles F. Rand Foundation. Until this year money thus available was used for other special projects, so that the forthcoming presentation of the Rand medal to Robert C. Stanley is notable as being the first time that achievement in mining administration has been thus recognized.

Jan 1, 1940

Conservationists have launched an attack on the mining law of 1872, accusing it of permitting the min- ing industry to rob the public and despoil the environment while doing it. Michael McCloskey, executive director of the Sierra Club, and one who has made known his opposition to the law said, "environmentalists are unified in their agreement that repeal . . . is one of conservation's most urgent tasks . . . ." Charles H. Callahan, executive vice president of the National Audubon Society, paralleled McCloskey's sentiments, calling the law a "disgrace" and a "give-away." In his opening statement before the Senate Interior Committee, Chairman Henry M. Jackson (D-Wash.) said that legislation pending before the committee would put the hard rock minerals under a leasing system as is the case with oil and gas.

Jan 1, 1971

Thirty years ago a party of American Engineers, with members of their families, belonging to the four national engineering societies, sailed for Europe and visited England and the Paris Exposition of 1889 and received many courtesies, official, professional, and individual. Plans: have been made for a reunion dinner to be held in New York City, about May 26, at which it is hoped that all survivors, ladies as well as men, of that trip may meet again. It is, therefore, urgently requested that anyone who was of that party communicate immediately with the Secretary of the Committee, Jesse M. Smith, Engineers' Club, 32 West 40th St., New York, N. Y. Announcement of the precise date and place, and full details, will he sent to every individual who can he reached.

Jan 5, 1919

By Frank M. Howell, Claude E. Schmidt

To counteract the spiralling costs of labor and materials against the fixed sale of its product, namely, gold at $35 per oz, Homestake Mining Co. has revised the milling flowsheet once and effected increases in the daily milling rate twice in the past 12 years. During this period the mining department has been able to hold production costs steady by increased productivity through technical improvements and utilization of the most modern mining by CLAUDE E. SCHMIDT and FRANK M. HOWELL, JR. 46-MINING ENGINEERING, APRIL 1963 equipment. The flowsheet alteration occurred during 1951-1953 when the two crushing plants at the shaft head frames were converted to a three-stage crushing system with the third stage closed circuited to produce a minus 5/8-in. product as rod mill feed.

Jan 4, 1963

By G. V. Cullen, N. G. Siviour

It has previously been reported that metal loadings of up to 6.8 m. eq/g. of dry coal can be obtained by contacting brown coal or lignite with ammoniacal solutions of ammine forming metals. Application of equilibrium expressions to further experimental results indicates that the extraction is by ion exchange, that the exchange is divalent-univalent for Zn, Cd and Ni, but is mainly univalent-univalent for Cu, and that to obtain reasonably uniform values for the equilibrium constants correction formulae must be applied to compensate for multiple functionality of the coal and its pH dependence in ion exchange. The results are shown to be consistent with the hypothesis that metal ammine complex cations are exchanged for protons derived from carboxyl and/or phenolic hydroxyl groups in the coal.

Jan 1, 1981

By H. H. Podgurski, J. C. M. Li, Y. T. Chou, F. N. Davis, R. A. Oriani

When an Fe-2 pct A1 alloy is nitrogemted at 500ºC with a gus tnixture (NH3-H2) in which the nitrogen activity has been kept Lou] enough to avoid the formation of iron nitride, a two-phase alloy is generuled which consists of AlN particles and a ferrite phase cotaining a heavy network of dislocations. The amount of nitrogen contained in such an alloy, when equilibrated with the nitrogenating atmosphere, far exceeds both that needed to satisfy the normal solution requirements of a Fe and that needed to convert all of the aluninuwi to AlN. This excess nitrogen is accounted for as being trapped on dislocations, adsorbed at the ferrite -AlN interface, and as an en-Iuznced lattice solubility in strained ferrite. This excessive uptake of nitrogen had previously been attribuled by other investigators to the formation of a nonstoichiornetric aluminum nitride. Isotope exchange experiments revealed various amomts of exchargeable N14 present in the originally nitrided samples that could not be removed by reduction with HS at 500ºC. This exchangeable nitrogen has been identified us that bound to the AlN -ferrite interface. Estimates of inter facial areas in alloys containing -3 pct by weight of A1N are as high as 10 sq m per g of alloy. ThE first1 of this series of papers described the experiments forming the basis for the elucidation of the mechanism of the formation of aluminum nitride particles within an Fe-A1 alloy. It was found that not only are dislocations necessary for the nucleation of the AlN particles but also the nitriding reaction in turn produces a dense network of dislocations in the ferrite matrix. It was also observed that nitrogen in excess of that needed for the formation of stoichiometric AIN is taken up by the alloy without the formation of an iron nitride. The present paper is an analysis of the excess nitrogen sorbed by the nitrided Fe-A1 alloy which considers the structure generated by the formation of the aluminum nitride particles. Because of the high density of dislocations, this system has proved to be quite useful in studying nitrogen-dislocation interactions. Wriedt and Darken2 have already reported such studies in a cold-worked ferritic steel. EXPERIMENTAL Nitrogen Sorption. The specimens of this alloy were cold worked (50 pct reduction) to 0.011 in. thickness and chemically cleaned in a 2:1 concentrated phosphoric acid-50 pct hydrogen peroxide solution before nitrogenation. The flowing nitrogenating atmosphere (11 pct NH3-89 pct H2) was established before the ni- trogenating temperature was reached. The same gravimetric and gas-flow equipment described in an earlier paper1 was also used in this investigation. Changes in nitrogen concentration were followed gravimetrically when establishing the isotherms. In the isotope exchange experiments, concentration changes were followed volumetrically. In some instances chemical analyses (Kjeldahl method) were used to check for material balances in both the gravimetric and volumetric procedures. Our objective was to obtain reversible nitrogen sorption isotherms for alloys equilibrated with NH3-H2 gas mixtures over a large range of nitrogen activity* and temperature. The *Defined as equal to PN H /P3/2 ,where P corresponds to partial pressure in atmospheres. Actually the nitrogen activity, aN, in the alloy equals K PNH3 /p3/2H2, where K is the equilibrium constant for the reaction NH3 = N + 3/2H2. upper limit for nitrogen activity was below that which would produce iron nitride; for reasons which will become apparent later, most of the sorption studies were made in the temperature range between 400" and 500'C. The alloy sample studied most extensively in this investigation was given a series of successive reductions (100 pct H2) and nitrogenating treatments at 500°C to attain a stabilized structure. Presumably some dislocations were lost during these treatments. Throughout most of the sorption studies, temperature was held at ± 1°C and the gas-phase composition was held to k0.2 pet NH3. Based upon the results of numerous diffusion experiments with this alloy* the 'Results to be published in a third paper of this series. times chosen for equilibration were considered more than adequate, Nitrogen Isotope Exchange. The first exchange experiments were carried out by circulating a measured quantity of H2 and NH3* (with a predetermined isotopic *The NH3 was synthesized over a synthetic ammonia iron catalyst using H2, and N2, enriched with N15. AS the NH3 was formed it was removed continuously from the gas phase by circulating the mixture through a refrigerated (78ºK) trap. When most of the nitrogen had been converted to NH3, it was distilled from the trap into a glass storage vessel. composition, N15/N14) over a nitrided specimen at 450°C in a closed glass system. Attempts to reach the exchange limit isothermally, i.e., an isotopic ratio (N15/N14) in the gas phase identical with the extractable nitrogen in the nitrided alloy, were futile. The exchange rate between the gas phase and the alloy was too slow, involving many days. To circumvent the slow exchange with the gas phase, measured amounts of N15 and N14 were introduced into the alloy by nitrogenating with an NH3-H2, mixture at 500°C containing an N15/N14 ratio of 7.76; the charged specimens were then sealed by allowing an oxide film to form over them in air, and in this final condition the specimens were subjected to 500°C in vacuum for various times during which isotope exchange was allowed to proceed within the specimen. It was estab-

Jan 1, 1970